多巴胺的一种代谢产物——高香草酸(Homovanillic Acid, HVA),是单胺神经递质多巴胺的主要代谢产物,化学名称为3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯乙酸。HVA作为重要的生化酶检测试剂,在肾上腺髓质功能状态及其他部位是否存在嗜铬组织的检测中具有重要意义。若多巴胺和HVA均超过正常范围,则提示恶性嗜铬细胞瘤的可能性大。
传统观念认为,HVA作为代谢产物不具有生理活性,其临床意义仅体现在评价疾病严重程度及药物治疗疗效方面。然而,有资料显示HVA亦有一定的药理作用,如Bertorello A研究显示HVA对Na+-K+-ATP酶的抑制效应。此外,高香草酸在中枢神经系统中与精神分裂症有关联。
多巴胺代谢物检测高香草酸的合成可通过以下步骤实现:愈创木酚和乙醛酸反应得到目标化合物,经过特定条件下的还原、歧化、氯甲酰基化等一系列化学反应最终获得目标产物。具体步骤见图2。
应用领域高香草酸溶于水,来源于人体代谢产物。主要通过愈创木酚和乙醛酸反应获得。
用途用于多巴胺含量测定/鉴定及药理实验等方面。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
高香兰酸乙酯 | ethyl homovanillate | 60563-13-5 | C11H14O4 | 210.23 |
3,4-二羟基苯乙酸 | 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate | 102-32-9 | C8H8O4 | 168.149 |
4-乙酰基-3-甲氧基苯乙酸 | 2-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | 5447-38-1 | C11H12O5 | 224.213 |
3-甲氧基-4-羟基扁桃酸 | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-mandelic acid | 55-10-7 | C9H10O5 | 198.175 |
—— | 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy mandelic acid | 13244-77-4 | C9H10O5 | 198.175 |
4-苄氧基-3-甲氧基苯乙酸 | 4-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid | 29973-91-9 | C16H16O4 | 272.301 |
4-(2-氨基乙基)-2-甲氧基苯酚 | 3-Methoxytyramine | 554-52-9 | C9H13NO2 | 167.208 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙腈 | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetonitrile | 4468-59-1 | C9H9NO2 | 163.176 |
丁香酚 | 4-allylguaiacol | 97-53-0 | C10H12O2 | 164.204 |
—— | methyl 4-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenylethanoate | 16209-54-4 | C17H18O4 | 286.328 |
—— | 4-Acetoxy-3-methoxyphenylacetaldehyde | 6391-59-9 | C11H12O4 | 208.214 |
香草乙酮 | 1-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone | 498-02-2 | C9H10O3 | 166.177 |
2-溴-1-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙酮 | 2-bromo-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanone | 69638-06-8 | C9H9BrO3 | 245.073 |
乙酸丁香酚酯 | eugenol acetate | 93-28-7 | C12H14O3 | 206.241 |
吡嗪-2-羧酸甲酯 | (4-acetoxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acetonitrile | 5438-51-7 | C11H11NO3 | 205.213 |
—— | [6]-shogaol | 23513-13-5 | C17H24O3 | 276.376 |
香草醛 | vanillin | 121-33-5 | C8H8O3 | 152.15 |
—— | 4-Amino-butyric acid 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-oxo-ethyl ester | 284043-11-4 | C13H17NO5 | 267.282 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄醇 | 4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxyphenol | 498-00-0 | C8H10O3 | 154.166 |
—— | vanillyl-methylamine | 42973-53-5 | C9H13NO2 | 167.208 |
—— | Coniferaldehyde | 458-36-6 | C10H10O3 | 178.188 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酸 | (3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)acetic acid | 93-40-3 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酸甲酯 | 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid methyl ester | 15964-80-4 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | 2989-10-8 | C9H10O5 | 198.175 |
高香兰酸乙酯 | ethyl homovanillate | 60563-13-5 | C11H14O4 | 210.23 |
—— | Tyrosol homovanillate | 1428533-05-4 | C17H18O5 | 302.327 |
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyll)acetic acid methyl ester | —— | C10H12O5 | 212.202 |
—— | isopropyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate | —— | C12H16O4 | 224.257 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯乙酸丙酯 | Propyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetate | 52744-26-0 | C12H16O4 | 224.257 |
—— | 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-propionic acid | 56355-43-2 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
2-(4-异丙氧基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙酸 | 2-(4-isopropoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | 88449-50-7 | C12H16O4 | 224.257 |
—— | O-methoxymethyl homovanillic acid | 508212-17-7 | C11H14O5 | 226.229 |
3,4-二羟基苯乙酸 | 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate | 102-32-9 | C8H8O4 | 168.149 |
—— | [4-(difluoromethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]acetic acid | 776324-87-9 | C10H10F2O4 | 232.184 |
—— | iso-butyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate | —— | C13H18O4 | 238.284 |
—— | butyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate | —— | C13H18O4 | 238.284 |
—— | pentyl 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate | —— | C14H20O4 | 252.31 |
2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺 | 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide | 29121-49-1 | C9H11NO3 | 181.191 |
—— | 2-phenoxyethyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzeneacetate | 1962956-83-7 | C17H18O5 | 302.327 |
—— | octyl-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetate | —— | C17H26O4 | 294.391 |
4-乙酰基-3-甲氧基苯乙酸 | 2-(4-acetoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | 5447-38-1 | C11H12O5 | 224.213 |
—— | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl acetic acid chloride | 89652-37-9 | C9H9ClO3 | 200.622 |
—— | 8-methylnonyl homovanillate | 951221-76-4 | C19H30O4 | 322.445 |
—— | 2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyll)acetic acid butyl ester | —— | C13H18O5 | 254.283 |
4-苄氧基-3-甲氧基苯乙酸 | 4-benzyloxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid | 29973-91-9 | C16H16O4 | 272.301 |
(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)乙酰氯 | 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetyl chloride | 10313-60-7 | C10H11ClO3 | 214.649 |
—— | 2-propanone,1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)- | 4899-74-5 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
—— | isopropyl 2-(4-isopropoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate | 1256581-67-5 | C15H22O4 | 266.337 |
—— | 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)propan-2-one | —— | C17H18O3 | 270.328 |
—— | ethyl 4-(2-azidoethoxy)-3-methoxyphenylacetate | 180304-16-9 | C13H17N3O4 | 279.296 |
(4-羟基-3-碘-5-甲氧基苯基)乙酸 | (4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | 1000841-74-6 | C9H9IO4 | 308.073 |
3-溴-4-羟基-5-甲氧基苯乙酸 | (3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | 206559-42-4 | C9H9BrO4 | 261.072 |
—— | Butyric acid 4-carboxymethyl-2-methoxy-phenyl ester | 924624-39-5 | C13H16O5 | 252.267 |
—— | 2-[3-Methoxy-4-[(4-propan-2-yloxyphenyl)methoxy]phenyl]acetic acid | 64360-39-0 | C19H22O5 | 330.381 |
—— | (4-((4-Isopropylbenzyl)oxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | 64385-14-4 | C19H22O4 | 314.381 |
—— | 2-(3-FORMYL-4-HYDROXY-5-METHOXYPHENYL)ACETIC ACID | 765302-59-8 | C10H10O5 | 210.186 |
—— | N-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide | 886037-62-3 | C17H19NO5 | 317.342 |
—— | (4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)-N-<2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethyl>acetamide | 138645-09-7 | C18H21NO5 | 331.368 |
—— | 2-[4-(2-Azidoethoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl]propanoic acid | 1391848-25-1 | C12H15N3O4 | 265.269 |
—— | 5-Hydroxymethyl-homovanillinsaeure | 37941-99-4 | C10H12O5 | 212.202 |
—— | 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]acetamide | 1395084-66-8 | C18H21NO4 | 315.369 |
—— | 2-(4-isopropoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride | —— | C12H15ClO3 | 242.702 |
—— | Trimethylsilylderivat von Homovanillinsaeure | 37148-61-1 | C15H26O4Si2 | 326.54 |
2-(3-甲氧基-4-苯基甲氧基苯基)乙醇 | 2-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol | 64881-05-6 | C16H18O3 | 258.317 |
盐酸罂粟碱杂质19 | N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)acetamide | 361389-65-3 | C19H23NO5 | 345.395 |
—— | 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-N-[4-[[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetyl]amino]butyl]acetamide | 1416971-87-3 | C22H28N2O6 | 416.474 |
高香草酸硫酸盐 | 2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxysulfonyloxyphenyl)ethanoic acid | 38339-06-9 | C9H10O7S | 262.24 |
N-己基-2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺 | Benzeneacetamide, N-hexyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- | 150988-93-5 | C15H23NO3 | 265.353 |
N-庚基-2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺 | Benzeneacetamide, N-heptyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- | 53283-46-8 | C16H25NO3 | 279.379 |
—— | orthidine F | 1042101-33-6 | C28H42N4O6 | 530.665 |
N-十二烷基-2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺 | N-Dodecylhomovanillamide | 53283-42-4 | C21H35NO3 | 349.514 |
N-癸基-2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙酰胺 | N-Decylhomovanillamide | 58570-58-4 | C19H31NO3 | 321.46 |
—— | Benzeneacetamide, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-N-nonyl- | 107512-63-0 | C18H29NO3 | 307.433 |
—— | N-Octylhomovanillamide | 58418-73-8 | C17H27NO3 | 293.406 |
—— | benzyl 2-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate | 65340-85-4 | C23H22O4 | 362.425 |
—— | Benzeneacetamide, N-9-decenyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- | 107512-61-8 | C19H29NO3 | 319.444 |
—— | N-benzyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetamide | 391609-30-6 | C16H17NO3 | 271.316 |
1,2-双(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙酮 | 1,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-ethanone | 5438-67-5 | C16H16O5 | 288.3 |
—— | 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-N-[3-[2-[2-[3-[[2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)acetyl]amino]propoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]propyl]acetamide | 1416971-89-5 | C28H40N2O9 | 548.634 |
乙酰丁香酮 | 1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-phenyl)-ethanone | 2478-38-8 | C10H12O4 | 196.203 |
2-戊搭烯甲酰胺,八氢- | NE 28345 | 107512-56-1 | C27H45NO3 | 431.659 |
—— | (4-benzoyloxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid | —— | C16H14O5 | 286.284 |
—— | ((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetyl)pyrrolidine | 131656-82-1 | C13H17NO3 | 235.283 |
—— | 2-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acetyl chloride | 54313-35-8 | C16H15ClO3 | 290.746 |
—— | 2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(piperidin-1-yl)ethan-1-one | 53283-49-1 | C14H19NO3 | 249.31 |
—— | Benzeneacetamide, N-cyclooctyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy- | 107512-66-3 | C17H25NO3 | 291.39 |
—— | 2-(3-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethylsulfonyloxy)phenyl)acetic acid | 1243245-99-9 | C10H9F3O6S | 314.239 |
—— | 7-hydroxy-6-methoxyisochroman-3-one | 62726-52-7 | C10H10O4 | 194.187 |
—— | 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2(1H)-naphthalenone | 80211-16-1 | C11H12O3 | 192.214 |
—— | 2-[4-[2-Hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]acetamide | 29121-66-2 | C15H24N2O4 | 296.367 |
4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲腈 | 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzonitrile | 4421-08-3 | C8H7NO2 | 149.149 |
—— | (4-{[4-(Allyloxy)-3-chlorobenzyl]oxy}-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | 64360-40-3 | C19H19ClO5 | 362.81 |
—— | N-(4-t-butylbenzyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide | 1258845-91-8 | C20H25NO3 | 327.423 |
—— | (4-((3-Chloro-4-isobutoxybenzyl)oxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid | 64360-41-4 | C20H23ClO5 | 378.853 |
—— | 2-[4-[3-(Tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]acetamide | 29121-35-5 | C16H26N2O4 | 310.393 |
多巴胺 | 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine | 51-61-6 | C8H11NO2 | 153.181 |
—— | KR-25003 | 142333-36-6 | C20H25NO3 | 327.423 |
—— | (2-formyl-4-isopropoxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-acetic acid isopropyl ester | 1416470-99-9 | C16H22O5 | 294.348 |
—— | 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-nonylpropanamide | 1391847-91-8 | C19H31NO3 | 321.46 |
—— | 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-octylpropanamide | 1391847-90-7 | C18H29NO3 | 307.433 |
1-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-2-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)乙酮 | 1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl)ethanone | 40456-49-3 | C15H14O5 | 274.273 |
—— | tert-butyldimethyl 2-(4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acetate | 78324-15-9 | C21H38O4Si2 | 410.701 |
—— | N-(4,4-dipropylcyclohexyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetamide | —— | C21H33NO3 | 347.498 |
—— | Benzyl 2-(3-methoxy-4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)propanoate | 1391847-85-0 | C24H24O4 | 376.452 |
—— | N-<3,4-bis(benzyloxy)phenethyl>-2-<4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl>acetamide | 73515-57-8 | C38H37NO5 | 587.715 |
—— | 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxybiphenyl-5,5'-diacetic acid | 6082-84-4 | C18H18O8 | 362.336 |
—— | 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-{trans-4-[(E)-3-pentenyl]cyclohexyl}acetamide | —— | C20H29NO3 | 331.455 |
—— | 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-{trans-4-[(Z)-3-pentenyl]cyclohexyl}acetamide | —— | C20H29NO3 | 331.455 |
—— | 2-[4-[3-(2,5-Dioxopyrrol-1-yl)propanoyloxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]acetic acid | 850312-67-3 | C16H15NO7 | 333.298 |