HYDROXYLATION OF AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WAS STUDIED FOLLOWING THEIR ORAL ADMINISTRATION TO RATS THAT ALSO RECEIVED A PURIFIED DIET CONTAINING NEOMYCIN TO REDUCE THE LEVELS OF NORMALLY OCCURRING SIMPLE URINARY PHENOLS. PHENOLIC METABOLITES WERE QUANTITATIVELY ESTIMATED IN HYDROLYZED URINE SAMPLES BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. AFTER THE ADMIN OF 100 MG/KG OF O-XYLENE IN RATS, 0.1% WAS METABOLIZED TO 3,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL.
FOUR PERSONS WERE EXPOSED TO XYLENES. 2,3- AND 3,4-XYLENOL WERE OBSERVED IN URINE OF THOSE EXPOSED TO O-XYLENE. 2,4-XYLENOL OBSERVED AFTER M-XYLENE AND 2,5-XYLENOL AFTER P-XYLENE.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
2,3-二甲基苯酚是邻二甲苯的人类已知代谢物。
2,3-Dimethylphenol is a known human metabolite of o-xylene.
来源:NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类不具有致癌性(未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
Dermatotoxin - Skin burns.
Skin Sensitizer - An agent that can induce an allergic reaction in the skin.
Toxic Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lungs induced by inhalation of metal fumes or toxic gases and vapors.
ACGIH Carcinogen - Confirmed Animal.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
A SPONTANEOUSLY DEVELOPING VASOCONSTRICTION IN ISOLATED PERFUSED LUNG AND THE VASOCONSTRICTION CAUSED BY ARTERIALLY INJECTED ATP 50 UG WERE BOTH INHIBITED BY THE ADDITION TO THE PERFUSATE OF VARIOUS PHENOLS INCLUDING 3,4-XYLENOL.
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Dilution may be contraindicated because it may increase absorption. Do not use emetics ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Phenols and Related compounds/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors for hypotension with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phenols and Related Compounds/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在焦化设施工业中,研究了邻甲酚、间甲酚、对甲酚、2,4-二甲酚、2,5-二甲酚、3,4-二甲酚和3,5-二甲酚暴露水平与尿中酚排泄量之间的关系。研究对象包括从事焦油蒸馏过程的76名暴露工人和34名对照组。... 尿液代谢物水平已针对比重和肌酐进行了校正。焦油蒸馏工人的呼吸区域的时间加权平均暴露浓度是... 对于二甲酚为0.02至0.04 mg/立方米。... 经比重校正后,暴露工人的尿液中二甲酚水平范围为0.12至0.97 mg/l。在对照组尿样中,经比重校正后的二甲酚浓度范围为25 x 10(-3)至43 x 10(-3) mg/l。观察到环境水平与尿液中酚、邻甲酚和二甲酚浓度之间存在显著相关性,相关系数范围为0.45至0.82。作者结论,尿液二甲酚的生物监测可能用作衡量焦化设施工人二甲酚暴露的一种方法。
Associations between o-cresol, p-cresol, m-cresol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, and 3,5-xylenol exposure levels and urinary phenol excretion were examined in the coke facility industry. The subjects consisted of 76 exposed workers employed in the tar distillation process and 34 controls. ... Urinary metabolite levels were corrected for specific gravity and creatinine. The time weighted average exposure concentrations in the breathing zones of the tar distillation workers were ... 0.02 to 0.04 mg/cu m for xylenols. ... The urinary xylenol levels of exposed workers ranged from 0.12 to 0.97 mg/l with specific gravity correction. In control urine samples, the specific gravity corrected xylenol concentrations ranged from 25 x 10(-3) to 43 x 10(-3) mg/l. Significant correlations were observed between the ambient levels and urinary concentrations of phenol, o-cresol, and the xylenols, with coefficients ranging from 0.45 to 0.82. The author concludes that the biological monitoring of urinary xylenols may be used as a means of measuring xylenol exposure in coke facility workers.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
synthesis of iminocoumarin aryl methyl ethers has been developed from ynal, phenol, and sulfonyl azide at ambient conditions via a cascade [3 + 2]-cycloaddition, 1,3-pseudopericyclic ketenimine rearrangement, 1,4-conjugate addition, and aldol-type condensation. This protocol provides a potential route for the construction of a library of iminocoumarin aryl methyl ethers in good yields.
Synthesis of Polysubstituted Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diones from Cyclohexa-2,5-dienones and Dimethyl 1,3-Acetonedicarboxylate
作者:Pelayo Camps、Albert González、Diego Muñoz-Torrero、Montserrat Simon、Adriana Zúñiga、Miriam A. Martins、Mercè Font-Bardia、Xavier Solans
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00680-3
日期:2000.10
Oxidation of polysubstituted phenols with phenyliodonium diacetate gives cyclohexa-2,5-dienones, which on reaction with dimethyl 1,3-acetonedicarboxylate afford double-Michael-addition derivatives, whose hydrolysis and decarboxylation provides polysubstituted bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diones. For steric and/or electronic reasons, the Michael reaction only works with 3,5-unsubstituted or 3-substituted
Efficient <i>ortho</i>-Oxidation of Phenols with Diacyl Peroxides
作者:Masahiro Tada、Risa Ishiguro、Ryohei Izumi
DOI:10.1248/cpb.56.239
日期:——
A stable symmetric diacyl peroxide, m-chlorobenzoyl peroxide (mCBPO), and an asymmetric diacyl peroxide, chloroacetyl m-chlorobenzoyl peroxide (CAMCBPO), were synthesized from m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Both peroxides oxidized phenols selectively at the ortho position predoninantly. CAMCBPO gave para-oxidized compounds as minor products from some phenols. The improvement of the yield of ortho-oxidation of phenols with mCBPO was also reported.
The invention relates to novel primary amine derivatives and the use thereof as active ingredients in the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions. The invention also concerns related aspects including processes for the preparation of the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more of those compounds and especially their use as inhibitors of renin.