Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Aromatic hydrocarbons and related compounds/
8-NITROQUINOLINE WAS ADDED TO DIET OF SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS FOR 48 WK. SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS OF UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT OCCURRED. CARCINOMA OF FORESTOMACH OCCURRED IN 3 OF 11 (27.3%) RATS IN 2500 PPM GROUP & 7 OF 35 (20.0%) RATS IN 1000 PPM GROUP.
Reversibility of forestomach lesions induced by genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens was compared histopathologically. Groups of 30 to 33 male F344 rats were given dietary 0.1% 8-nitroquinoline, dietary 0.4-0.2% 2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide, an intragastric dose of 20 mg/kg body weight N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine once a week, or 20 ppm N-methylnitrosourethane in the drinking water as a genotoxic carcinogen, or 2% butylated hydroxyanisole, 2% caffeic acid, 2% sesamol or 2% 4-methoxyphenol in the diet as a non-genotoxic carcinogen for 24 weeks. Ten or 11 rats in each group were killed at week 24. Half of the remainder were maintained on basal diet alone for an additional 24 weeks and the other half were given the same chemical for 48 weeks, and then killed. Forestomach lesions induced by genotoxic carcinogens did not regress after removal of carcinogens. In contrast, simple or papillary hyperplasia (SPH), but not basal cell hyperplasia (BCH), induced by non-genotoxic carcinogens clearly regressed after cessation of insult. SPH labeling indices in the non-genotoxic carcinogen-treated cases decreased after removal of the carcinogenic stimulus whereas BCH values were low irrespective of treatment. Atypical hyperplasia (AH), observed at high incidences in rats treated with genotoxic carcinogens, was also evident in animals receiving non-genotoxic agents, even after their withdrawal, albeit at low incidences. AH labeling indices remained high even without continued insult. These results indicate that even with non-genotoxic carcinogens, heritable alterations at the DNA level could occur during strong cell proliferation and result in AH development. This putative preneoplastic lesion might then progress to produce carcinomas.
Syrian golden hamsters were administered 8-nitroquinoline, at a concentration of 0.05%, in a 10% ethanol solution as drinking water for 104 weeks. The animals were kept under observation until 112 weeks of age when the experiment was terminated. Both control and treated groups developed tumors in a pattern indistinguishable from that usually observed in Syrian golden hamsters. Thus the result of this experiment indicates that 8-nitroquinoline given orally at a concentration of 0.05% is not carcinogenic in Syrian golden hamsters.
important shift of the redox potential (+0.3 V in comparison with 8-nitroquinoline). With the assistance of computational chemistry, a set of derivatives presenting a large range of redox potentials (from −1.1 to −0.45 V) was designed and provided a list of suitable molecules to be synthesized and tested. This approach highlighted that, in this series, only substrates with a redox potential above −0.6 V
Highly chemoselective reduction of nitroarenes over non-noble metal nickel-molybdenum oxide catalysts
作者：Haigen Huang、Xueguang Wang、Xu Li、Chenju Chen、Xiujing Zou、Weizhong Ding、Xionggang Lu
DOI：10.1039/c6gc03141b
日期：——
Chemoselectivereduction of nitroarenes is an important transformation for the production of arylamines, which are the primary intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and dyes. Heterogeneous non-noble metal nickel-molybdenum...
through direct heating treatment of cobalt oxide precursors incipiently deposited over nanographite materials. Cobalt oxides are partially reduced to active zero‐valent metal species and the simultaneous formation of carbon layers over the nanoparticles protects them from oxidation and deactivation. This nanocatalyst performs excellently in chemoselective hydrogenation of some challenging nitroarenes with
Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligand-Promoted Nitro Deoxygenative Hydroboration with Chromium Catalysis: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications
作者：Lixing Zhao、Chenyang Hu、Xuefeng Cong、Gongda Deng、Liu Leo Liu、Meiming Luo、Xiaoming Zeng
DOI：10.1021/jacs.0c12318
日期：2021.1.27
Transition metal catalysis that utilizes N-heterocycliccarbenes as noninnocent ligands in promoting transformations has not been well studied. We report here a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligand-promoted nitro deoxygenative hydroboration with cost-effective chromium catalysis. Using 1 mol % of CAAC-Cr precatalyst, the addition of HBpin to nitro scaffolds leads to deoxygenation, allowing for
In this communication, a highly selective palladium-catalyzed carbonylative four components procedure for the transformation of allenes, alcohols and nitroarenes has been developed. The desired 2-aminomethyl substituted 3-arylacrylates were produced in good yields with Mo(CO)6 as the solid CO source. Furthermore, nitroarenes have been used as reaction partners and oxidant in this catalytic system.
