Camphor appears as a colorless or white colored crystalline powder with a strong mothball-like odor. About the same density as water. Emits flammable vapors above 150°F. Used to make moth proofings, pharmaceuticals, and flavorings.
颜色/状态：
Colorless or white crystals, granules, or crystalline masses; or as colorless to white, translucent, tough masses
In the liver microsomes of female mice, two induction phases during inhalation of DL-camphor were found. During the first 24 hr the apparent molar activity of the ethylumbelliferone dealkylase decreased. In the second phase, the molar ethylumbelliferone dealkylase activity was constant.
The metabolism of (+)-camphor and (-)-camphor was investigated in rabbits after administration /through/ stomach tube; metabolites of (+)-camphor were (+)-borneol, (+)-5-endo-hydroxycamphor, and (+)-3-endohydroxycamphor.
Camphor is rapidly oxidized to campherols (2-hydroxycamphor and 3-hydroxycamphor), and then conjugated in the liver to the glucuronide form. Camphor-related metabolites are relatively fat-soluble and may accumulate in fatty tissue.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Camphor is a solid, translucent, white crystal with penetrating aromatic odor used as a rubefacient/counter-irritant medication. It is also used in liniments as a counter-irritant for fibromyalgia, neuralgia, and similar conditions. In dermatology, when it is applied as lotion (0.1 to 3%), it is an anti-pruritic and surface anesthetic (when applied gently, it creates a feeling of coolness). Camphor is no longer used as a pesticide in the US. Other uses of camphor include insect repellant use (particularly to control clothes moths); cosmetic ingredient. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: The main target organs of camphor exposure are the CNS and kidneys. Convulsions, depression, apnea, asystole, gastric irritation, colic, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anxiety, excitement, delirium, and severe post-convulsive coma may occur after intake of camphor. The symptoms may appear 5 to 90 min after ingestion depending on the product ingested (solid or liquid). Poisoning by camphor is associated with an initial excitatory phase, with vomiting, diarrhea and excitement, followed by CNS depression and death. Toxic effects appear after the ingestion of approximately 2 g (lethal dose adults: 4 g, children: 0.5-1 g, infants: 70 mg/kg of pure camphor). There have been reports of instant collapse in infants after camphor has been applied to their nostrils. Camphor is irritating to the eyes, skin and mucous membranes. When camphor is applied on the skin, it is analgesic. Taken internally, it is an irritant and carminative /SRP: an agent used to reduce gas in the GI tract/. It has been used as a mild expectorant. Camphor is a CNS stimulant whose effects range from mild excitation to grand-mal convulsions or status epilepticus. These effects result from excitation of the cerebrum and lower structures of the CNS. Gastric irritation, together with cortical and medullary stimulation, frequently causes vomiting and diarrhea. It is not clear whether camphor toxicity is due to the parent compound, a metabolite (secondary alcohols, including borneol and isomers of hydroxy-camphor), or both. Camphor is used exclusively because of its local effects. When rubbed on the skin, it acts as a rubefacient and causes localized vasodilatation (mediated by way of an axon reflex), which gives feelings of comfort and warmth. As an anti-pruritic gent, when applied gently on the skin, it may create a feeling of coolness, and a mild, local anesthetic effect, which may be followed by numbness. When ingested in small amounts, it creates feelings of warmth and comfort in the stomach, but given in large doses it acts as an irritant. Camphor is not a human carcinogen, and the topical use of camphorated oil in pregnancy was not associated with teratogenic effects. However, camphor ingestion may lead to abortion and/or a death of the fetus because camphor crosses the placenta and fetuses lack the enzymes needed to hydroxylate and conjugate with glucuronic acid. ANIMAL STUDIES: Carcinogenicity tests in animals have been negative. Neuronal necrosis produced experimentally in mice by administration of multiple doses. In developmental studies, D-camphor elicited no evidence of teratogenicity when administered orally during the fetal period of organogenesis to pregnant rats at doses up to 1000 mg/kg bw/day, and to pregnant rabbits at doses up to 681 mg/kg bw/day. Camphor is not mutagenic with the Ames test but sister chromatid exchange has been reported in mice given 80 mg/kg doses of camphor ip, demonstrating possible genotoxicity.
Camphor is rapidly absorbed from the mucous membranes and the gastrointestinal tract. ... It is also absorbed through inhalation, through dermal application, and by nasal instillation.
... after camphor ingestion by mothers ... camphor was detectable in maternal blood 15 min after ingestion, but not after 8 hr. At delivery 36 hr later ... it was present in amnionic fluid, cord and fetal blood and fetal brain, liver and kidneys.
Alimentary absorption of pure camphor, or of alcohol solution ... is quite rapid, but from the oil preparation absorption is constant. Camphor is ... slowly absorbed from sc or im depots.
1.周国泰，化学危险品安全技术全书，化学工业出版社，1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编，化学品毒性法规环境数据手册，中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
基于空穴调节策略，设计了一种新颖的菲咯啉衍生的双开三嗪配体，用于与Pd（II）在HNO 3介质中的19种典型金属上进行选择性络合。通过1 H NMR滴定等温滴定量热法（ITC）和密度泛函理论（DFT）研究阐明了Pd（II）与配体的三种配合物的结构。ITC测试和结合能计算表明，在这三种Pd（II）配合物中，具有单齿硝酸根阴离子的不对称1：1 Pd（II）-配体配合物最稳定。Pd（II）的出色动力学）用配体萃取是由于其最佳构象已完全准备好用于金属连接。菲咯啉衍生的配体提高了对Pd（II）的特殊萃取选择性和快速萃取速率，这表明通过腔调制策略有效分离HLW中一些半径较小的放射性核素是一种可行的方法。
[EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
申请人：GILEAD APOLLO LLC
公开号：WO2017075056A1
公开（公告）日：2017-05-04
The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
The present invention relates to oligoesters and their use or the creation of additives. Oligoester containing additives and/or oligoesters themselves may be used for formulating pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics or personal care products such as shampoos and conditioners. These oligoesters are particularly useful for the creation of multi-purpose additives that can impart conditioning, long substantivity and/or UV protection. Individual oligoesters and oligoester mixtures are described.
SUBSTITUTED ARYL AND HETEROARYL CARBOXYLIC ACID HYDRAZIDES OR SALTS THEREOF AND USE THEREOF TO INCREASE STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS
申请人：BAYER CROPSCIENCE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
公开号：US20180206495A1
公开（公告）日：2018-07-26
Substituted aryl- and heteroarylcarbonyl hydrazides
The invention relates to substituted aryl- and heteroarylcarbonyl hydrazides of the general formula (I) or salts thereof
where the radicals of the formula (I) are each as defined in the description for enhancing stress tolerance in plants to abiotic stress, and for enhancing plant growth and/or for increasing plant yield.
[EN] SUBSTITUTED BENZYLAMINE COMPOUNDS, THEIR USE IN MEDICINE, AND IN PARTICULAR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE BENZYLAMINE SUBSTITUÉS, LEUR UTILISATION EN MÉDECINE, EN PARTICULIER DANS LE TRAITEMENT D'UNE INFECTION PAR LE VIRUS DE L'HÉPATITE C (VHC)
申请人：ASTEX THERAPEUTICS LTD
公开号：WO2013064538A1
公开（公告）日：2013-05-10
The invention provides compounds of the formula (I): or a salt, N-oxide or tautomer thereof, wherein A is CH, CF or nitrogen; E is CH, CF or nitrogen; and R0 is hydrogen or C1-2 alkyl; R1a is selected from CONH2; CO2H; an optionally substituted acyclic C1-8 hydrocarbon group; and an optionally substituted monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group of 3 to 7 ring members, of which 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 are heteroatom ring members selected from O, N and S; R2 is selected from hydrogen and a group R2a; R2a is selected from an optionally substituted acyclic d-8 hydrocarbon group; an optionally substituted monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group of 3 to 7 ring members, of which 0, 1 or 2 ring members are heteroatom ring members selected from O, N and S; and an optionally substituted bicyclic heterocyclic group of 9 or 10 ring members, of which 1 or 2 ring members are nitrogen atoms; wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is other than hydrogen; R3 is an optionally substituted 3- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2 or 3 heteroatom ring members selected from N, O and S; R4a is selected from halogen; cyano; C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; C1-4 alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; hydroxy-C1-4 alkyl; and C1-2 alkoxy-C1-4 alkyl; R5 is selected from hydrogen and a substituent R5a; and R5a is selected from C1-2 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; C1-3 alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; halogen; cyclopropyl; cyano; and amino, The compounds have activity against hepatitis C virus and can be used in the prevention or treatment of hepatitis C viral infections.
