阿司匹林又名乙酰水杨酸,是一种非甾体类抗炎药,最初用于消炎镇痛。后来的研究发现其具有防止血小板凝集、预防血栓的作用。随着对阿司匹林的深入研究,人们发现了更多新用途,例如它能降低心肌梗死和脑卒中的死亡率,并有助于减少结直肠癌的风险。
药理作用乙酰水杨酸(阿司匹林)是传统的解热镇痛药,同时具有抗血小板聚集的作用。在体内,阿司匹林抑制周围动脉中阻塞性血栓的形成,通过抑制血小板释放反应以及内源性ADP、5-HT等物质的释放,从而减少血小板第二相聚集而不影响第一相聚集。
其作用机制在于使血小板环氧酶乙酰化,从而抑制环内过氧化物和TXA2的生成。同时还能使血小板膜蛋白乙酰化,并抑制血小板膜酶,有助于进一步抑制血小板功能。因环氧化酶受抑制,阿司匹林还会影响血管壁合成PGI2;大剂量时则可能影响TXA2及PGI2的生成。
阿司匹林适用于缺血性心脏病、冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)后、冠状动脉搭桥术后预防短暂性脑缺血发作、心肌梗死,减少心律失常的发生率。
适应症乙酰水杨酸对血小板聚集有抑制作用,可阻止血栓形成。临床上用于预防暂时性脑缺血发作、心肌梗死、急性风湿热及类风湿关节炎等。此外,它也是治疗感冒发热、头痛、神经痛、关节痛、肌肉痛、急性风湿性关节炎、牙痛等的常用解热镇痛药。
用途阿司匹林是最早、最广泛和最常见的解热镇痛抗风湿药物,具有多方面的药理作用。常用于治疗感冒发热、头痛、神经痛、关节痛及风湿性疾病。作为《国家基本药物目录》中的品种之一,它也是其他药物的中间体。
生产方法阿司匹林可通过乙酰化水杨酸制得。在反应罐中加入适量乙酐(加料量为水杨酸总量的0.7889倍),再加入三分之二量的水杨酸并搅拌升温,于81-82℃反应40-60分钟,降温至81-82℃保温反应2小时。检查游离水杨酸合格后,降温至13℃析出结晶,甩滤、洗涤、干燥得乙酰水杨酸。
另一种方法是将水杨酸与乙酐投入三口瓶中搅拌,反应温度不超过60℃约1小时后倒入冰水中,有结晶析出,过滤、干燥即得产品。
安全性阿司匹林为有毒物品,具有高毒性。急性口服毒性实验显示LD50值分别为大鼠200毫克/公斤和小鼠250毫克/公斤。该物质可燃并受热分解产生刺激气体;应储存在库房中保持通风、干燥,并与氧化剂及食品添加剂分开存放。
灭火可用雾状水、泡沫或二氧化碳,以及砂土扑灭。职业暴露下空气中乙酰水杨酸的最大允许浓度为5毫克/立方米。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
乙酰水杨酸甲酯 | methyl acetylsalicylate | 580-02-9 | C10H10O4 | 194.187 |
甲基硫基甲基2-乙酰基氧基苯甲酸酯 | methylthiomethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 76432-30-9 | C11H12O4S | 240.28 |
2-乙酰基氧基苯甲酸苯基酯 | phenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 134-55-4 | C15H12O4 | 256.258 |
2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酸酐 | aspirin anhydride | 1466-82-6 | C18H14O7 | 342.305 |
阿司匹林杂质8 | (2-acetoxy-benzoic acid )-acetic acid-anhydride | 18698-59-4 | C11H10O5 | 222.197 |
—— | 2-acetoxybenzaldehyde | 5663-67-2 | C9H8O3 | 164.161 |
—— | aspirin acetoxymethyl ester | 118247-06-6 | C12H12O6 | 252.224 |
甲基亚磺酰甲基2-乙酰基氧基苯甲酸酯 | methylsulfinylmethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 76432-33-2 | C11H12O5S | 256.279 |
—— | 4-(2-acetoxybenzoyloxy)benzaldehyde | 203065-56-9 | C16H12O5 | 284.268 |
—— | (2-Formylphenyl) 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 203065-54-7 | C16H12O5 | 284.268 |
甲基磺酰基甲基2-乙酰基氧基苯甲酸酯 | methylsulfonylmethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 76432-35-4 | C11H12O6S | 272.279 |
乙酰水杨酰水杨酸 | acetylsalicylsalicylic acid | 530-75-6 | C16H12O6 | 300.268 |
3-甲酰基苯基 2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸 | 2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 3-(formyl)phenyl ester | 203065-55-8 | C16H12O5 | 284.268 |
—— | 2-[2-(ethanoyloxy)benzoyloxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamide | 118247-04-4 | C13H15NO5 | 265.266 |
—— | 2-[2-(acetoxy)benzoyloxy]-N,N-diethylacetamide | 116482-56-5 | C15H19NO5 | 293.32 |
—— | 2-[2-Nitrooxyethyl(propyl)amino]ethyl 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 941702-72-3 | C16H22N2O7 | 354.36 |
—— | [2-[2-Hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl] 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 118247-05-5 | C14H17NO6 | 295.292 |
—— | 2-(2-Acetoxybenzoyloxy)acetophenone | 53278-17-4 | C17H14O5 | 298.295 |
—— | 2-Acetoxy-benzoic acid dipropylcarbamoylmethyl ester | 116482-75-8 | C17H23NO5 | 321.373 |
—— | 2-(Diisopropylamino)-2-oxoethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 116482-76-9 | C17H23NO5 | 321.373 |
—— | 2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 116482-80-5 | C15H17NO6 | 307.303 |
—— | 2-[(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)(methyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 116482-78-1 | C14H16N2O6 | 308.291 |
邻乙酰水杨酰氯 | O-acetylsalicyloyl chloride | 5538-51-2 | C9H7ClO3 | 198.606 |
—— | (2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl 2-(acetyloxy)benzoate | 32620-72-7 | C14H13NO6 | 291.26 |
乙酸-2-甲基苯基酯 | 2-methylphenyl acetate | 533-18-6 | C9H10O2 | 150.177 |
水杨酸 | salicylic acid | 69-72-7 | C7H6O3 | 138.123 |
水杨酸甲酯 | methyl salicylate | 119-36-8 | C8H8O3 | 152.15 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
乙酰水杨酸甲酯 | methyl acetylsalicylate | 580-02-9 | C10H10O4 | 194.187 |
乙酰水杨酸乙酯 | ethyl acetylsalicylate | 529-68-0 | C11H12O4 | 208.214 |
2-辛酰氧基苯甲酸 | O-octanoylsalicylic acid | 70424-62-3 | C15H20O4 | 264.321 |
—— | vinyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 39033-93-7 | C11H10O4 | 206.198 |
—— | allyl 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 77101-49-6 | C12H12O4 | 220.225 |
—— | O-ethanoylsalicyloyloxyethanaldehyde | 547753-21-9 | C11H10O5 | 222.197 |
2-溴乙基-2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸酯 | 2-bromoethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 79874-87-6 | C11H11BrO4 | 287.11 |
—— | β-Oxyaethyl-acetylsalicylat | 42353-74-2 | C11H12O5 | 224.213 |
—— | (prop-2-ynyl)-2-acetoxybenzoate | —— | C12H10O4 | 218.209 |
2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸苄酯 | 2-acetoxybenzoic acid benzyl ester | 52602-17-2 | C16H14O4 | 270.285 |
甲基硫基甲基2-乙酰基氧基苯甲酸酯 | methylthiomethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 76432-30-9 | C11H12O4S | 240.28 |
—— | o-hydroxybenzyl O-acetylsalicylate | —— | C16H14O5 | 286.284 |
2-乙酰基氧基苯甲酸苯基酯 | phenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 134-55-4 | C15H12O4 | 256.258 |
—— | 1,3-Propandiolbis(acetylsalicylat) | 19283-97-7 | C21H20O8 | 400.385 |
3-溴丙基-2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸酯 | 3-bromopropyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 204632-98-4 | C12H13BrO4 | 301.137 |
—— | Trimethylsilyl-2-acetoxybenzoat | 25436-28-6 | C12H16O4Si | 252.342 |
—— | diethyleneglycol bis-acetylsalicylate | 19284-01-6 | C22H22O9 | 430.411 |
2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酸酐 | aspirin anhydride | 1466-82-6 | C18H14O7 | 342.305 |
—— | 1,4-buthanediol bis-acetylsalicylate | —— | C22H22O8 | 414.412 |
—— | 2-[2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-acetyloxybenzoate | —— | C17H24O8 | 356.373 |
阿司匹林杂质8 | (2-acetoxy-benzoic acid )-acetic acid-anhydride | 18698-59-4 | C11H10O5 | 222.197 |
—— | 2-acetoxybenzoic acid carboxymethyl ester | 677716-61-9 | C11H10O6 | 238.197 |
—— | 2-acetoxybenzaldehyde | 5663-67-2 | C9H8O3 | 164.161 |
—— | 1,6-hexanediol bis-acetylsalicylate | —— | C24H26O8 | 442.466 |
甲基亚磺酰甲基2-乙酰基氧基苯甲酸酯 | methylsulfinylmethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 76432-33-2 | C11H12O5S | 256.279 |
—— | 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxymethylphenyl ester | 175077-14-2 | C16H14O5 | 286.284 |
—— | 4-(2-acetoxybenzoyloxy)benzaldehyde | 203065-56-9 | C16H12O5 | 284.268 |
—— | Acetylsalicyloylglykolamid | 50785-22-3 | C11H11NO5 | 237.212 |
—— | 3-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 1345092-35-4 | C17H16O5 | 300.311 |
—— | 6-bromohexyl 2-(acetyloxy)benzoate | —— | C15H19BrO4 | 343.217 |
—— | (2-Formylphenyl) 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 203065-54-7 | C16H12O5 | 284.268 |
—— | 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid 2-hydroxymethylphenyl ester | 850341-99-0 | C16H14O5 | 286.284 |
—— | 2-(3-phenylaminopropionyloxy)benzoic acid | 1620837-97-9 | C16H15NO4 | 285.299 |
降钙素(humanreduced),8-L-缬氨酸-(9CI) | 2-Acetoxy-benzoic acid 3-methoxy-phenyl ester | 94159-26-9 | C16H14O5 | 286.284 |
甲基磺酰基甲基2-乙酰基氧基苯甲酸酯 | methylsulfonylmethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 76432-35-4 | C11H12O6S | 272.279 |
乙酰水杨酰水杨酸 | acetylsalicylsalicylic acid | 530-75-6 | C16H12O6 | 300.268 |
2-[[2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酰基]氧基]苯甲酸2-[(2-羧基苯氧基)羰基]苯基酯 | 2-{2-[2-(2-acetoxy-benzoyloxy)-benzoyloxy]-benzoyloxy}-benzoic acid | 85539-30-6 | C30H20O10 | 540.483 |
2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酸4-(氯甲基)苯基酯 | 2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 4-(chloromethyl) phenyl ester | 410071-22-6 | C16H13ClO4 | 304.73 |
—— | Methylsulfanylcarbonyloxymethyl 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 1225454-47-6 | C12H12O6S | 284.29 |
2-(乙酰氧基)苯甲酸3-(羟基甲基)苯基酯 | NCX 4017 | 287118-98-3 | C16H14O5 | 286.284 |
—— | acetylsalicylic acid 4-(nitroxy)butyl ester | 171781-26-3 | C13H15NO7 | 297.265 |
3-甲酰基苯基 2-乙酰氧基苯甲酸 | 2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 3-(formyl)phenyl ester | 203065-55-8 | C16H12O5 | 284.268 |
—— | NCX 4018 | —— | C13H15NO8 | 313.264 |
—— | 2-acetoxybenzoic acid benzyloxycarbonylmethyl ester | 941702-75-6 | C18H16O6 | 328.321 |
—— | benzyl 4-{[2-(acetyloxy)phenyl]carbonyloxy}butanoate | 1314539-40-6 | C20H20O6 | 356.375 |
—— | 2-((2-(nitrooxy)ethyl)disulfanyl)ethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | —— | C13H15NO7S2 | 361.397 |
—— | 2-[2-(ethanoyloxy)benzoyloxy]-N-ethylethanamide | 118247-01-1 | C13H15NO5 | 265.266 |
—— | (ethylthiocarbonyl)oxymethyl 2-(acetyloxy)benzoate | 1314004-84-6 | C13H14O6S | 298.317 |
—— | N-Methyl-N-{2-[(2'-acetoxybenzoyl)oxy]ethyl}acetamide | 118247-08-8 | C14H17NO5 | 279.293 |
—— | Acetylsalicyloylethylcarbonat | 36335-42-9 | C12H12O6 | 252.224 |
2-[4-[2-(2-乙酰氧基苯甲酰基)氧乙基]哌嗪-1-基]乙基2-乙酰基氧基苯甲酸酯 | 1,4-BIS-[2-(ACETYLSALICYLOYLOXY)ETHYL] PIPERAZINE | 79874-85-4 | C26H30N2O8 | 498.533 |
—— | Pivaloyloxymethyl-O-acetylsalicylat | 66195-30-0 | C15H18O6 | 294.304 |
—— | 2-[2-(ethanoyloxy)benzoyloxy]-N,N-dimethylethanamide | 118247-04-4 | C13H15NO5 | 265.266 |
—— | 4-carbamoylphenyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 1000700-38-8 | C16H13NO5 | 299.283 |
—— | O2-(acetylsalicyloyloxymethyl)-1-(N-isopropylamino)-diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate | 1334486-41-7 | C13H17N3O6 | 311.294 |
呱西替柳 | Guaiaspir | 55482-89-8 | C16H14O5 | 286.284 |
2-(乙酰基氧基)-4-[(硝基氧基)甲基]苯甲酸苯酯 | [2-(acetyloxy)benzoicacid 4-(nitrooxy methyl)phenyl ester] | 287118-97-2 | C16H13NO7 | 331.282 |
—— | 1-Phenylethyl 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 88354-03-4 | C17H16O4 | 284.312 |
—— | 2-acetoxybenzoic acid 4-bromobutoxycarbonylmethyl ester | 1240261-39-5 | C15H17BrO6 | 373.2 |
—— | tert-butyldimethylsilyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 129512-44-3 | C15H22O4Si | 294.423 |
—— | ({4-[3-(nitrooxy)propoxy]benzoyl}oxy)methyl 2-(acetyloxy)benzoate | 1144618-37-0 | C20H19NO10 | 433.372 |
—— | 2-[2-(acetoxy)benzoyloxy]-N,N-diethylacetamide | 116482-56-5 | C15H19NO5 | 293.32 |
—— | [2-[(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl] 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 118247-02-2 | C13H14N2O6 | 294.264 |
—— | [2-[2-Hydroxyethyl(methyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl] 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 118247-05-5 | C14H17NO6 | 295.292 |
贝诺酯 | Fenasprate | 5003-48-5 | C17H15NO5 | 313.31 |
—— | ((3-nitrooxypropyloxy)carbonyl)oxymethyl 2-(acetyloxy)-benzoate | 1314004-76-6 | C14H15NO10 | 357.274 |
—— | Acetylsalicylsaeure-4-nitrophenylester | 77008-82-3 | C15H11NO6 | 301.255 |
—— | 2-(2-Acetoxybenzoyloxy)acetophenone | 53278-17-4 | C17H14O5 | 298.295 |
—— | 2-acetoxy-benzoic acid 4-nitrooxy-butoxy carbonyl methyl ester | 1240261-40-8 | C15H17NO9 | 355.301 |
—— | [2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 2-(nitrooxy methyl)phenyl ester] | —— | C16H13NO7 | 331.282 |
2-(乙酰氧基)-苯甲酸 3-[(硝基氧基)甲基]苯基酯 | 2-(acetyloxy)benzoic acid 3-[(nitrooxy)methyl]phenyl ester | 175033-36-0 | C16H13NO7 | 331.282 |
—— | [2-[(2-Ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl] 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 118247-03-3 | C15H17NO7 | 323.302 |
—— | 2-Acetoxy-benzoic acid dipropylcarbamoylmethyl ester | 116482-75-8 | C17H23NO5 | 321.373 |
—— | 2-(Diisopropylamino)-2-oxoethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 116482-76-9 | C17H23NO5 | 321.373 |
—— | 2-(4-Morpholinyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 116482-80-5 | C15H17NO6 | 307.303 |
2-(氨基羰基)苯基乙酸酯 | O-acetylsalicylamide | 5663-71-8 | C9H9NO3 | 179.175 |
—— | 2-Acetoxybenzoyl bromide | 88803-91-2 | C9H7BrO3 | 243.057 |
—— | 2-(2-((2-(nitrooxy)ethyl)disulfanyl)ethoxy)-2-oxoethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 1192130-19-0 | C15H17NO9S2 | 419.433 |
双水杨酸酯 | 2-hydroxy-benzoic acid, 2-carboxyphenyl ester | 552-94-3 | C14H10O5 | 258.23 |
—— | pyridin-2-yl 2-acetoxybenzoate | —— | C14H11NO4 | 257.246 |
三-水杨酸 | trisalicylide | 85531-17-5 | C21H14O7 | 378.338 |
四水杨酸 | tetra-salicylic acid | 85531-18-6 | C28H18O9 | 498.446 |
雙柳酸內酯 | disalicylide | 486-58-8 | C14H8O4 | 240.215 |
—— | 1,9,17-trioxa-[2.2.2]orthocyclophane-2,10,18-trione | 5981-18-0 | C21H12O6 | 360.323 |
—— | 2-[(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)(methyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 116482-78-1 | C14H16N2O6 | 308.291 |
邻乙酰水杨酰氯 | O-acetylsalicyloyl chloride | 5538-51-2 | C9H7ClO3 | 198.606 |
—— | 1-(nitrooxy)propyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 1620191-06-1 | C12H13NO7 | 283.238 |
—— | (2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl 2-(acetyloxy)benzoate | 32620-72-7 | C14H13NO6 | 291.26 |
—— | [2-[(2-Ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-methylamino]-2-oxoethyl] 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 116482-77-0 | C16H19NO7 | 337.329 |
—— | 5-chloropyridin-3-yl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 1026417-26-4 | C14H10ClNO4 | 291.691 |
—— | [2-[4-[2,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)butanoyloxy]butoxy]-2-oxoethyl] 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 1609647-77-9 | C21H28O10 | 440.447 |
—— | (4-(3-nitrooxypropyl)phenoxycarbonyl)oxymethyl 2-(acetyloxy)benzoate | 1314004-78-8 | C20H19NO10 | 433.372 |
—— | o-acetoxybenzoyl hydrazine | 147091-07-4 | C9H10N2O3 | 194.19 |
—— | 2-[(2'-Acetoxybenzoyl)oxy]-2'-methyl-N,N-diethylacetamide | 118247-09-9 | C16H21NO5 | 307.346 |
水杨酸 | salicylic acid | 69-72-7 | C7H6O3 | 138.123 |
—— | 1-(nitrooxy)butyl 2-acetoxybenzoate | 1620191-07-2 | C13H15NO7 | 297.265 |
—— | [6-(Chloromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl 2-acetyloxybenzoate | 290335-38-5 | C16H14ClNO4 | 319.744 |
—— | Benzamide, 2-(acetyloxy)-N-hydroxy- | 16063-88-0 | C9H9NO4 | 195.175 |
—— | acetylsalicylic acid N-oxysuccinimide ester | 84388-73-8 | C13H11NO6 | 277.233 |
—— | (R)-4-(nitrooxy)butyl 2-((5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoyl)oxy)benzoate | 1357392-70-1 | C19H25NO7S2 | 443.542 |