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阿奇霉素 | 83905-01-5

中文名称
阿奇霉素
中文别名
阿齐霉素;9-脱氧-9a-氮杂-9a-甲基-9a-红霉素A;阿泽红霉素;9-脱氧-9a-氮杂-9a-甲基-9a-红霉素 A
英文名称
Zithromax(R)
英文别名
azithromycin;Azm;AZI;azitromycin;macrolide;azithromycin dihydrate;(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one
阿奇霉素化学式
CAS
83905-01-5
化学式
C38H72N2O12
mdl
——
分子量
748.996
InChiKey
MQTOSJVFKKJCRP-BICOPXKESA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    113-115°C
  • 比旋光度:
    D20 -37° (c = 1 in CHCl3)
  • 沸点:
    822.1±65.0 °C(Predicted)
  • 密度:
    1.18±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • 溶解度:
    几乎不溶于水,易溶于无水乙醇和二氯甲烷。
  • 物理描述:
    Solid
  • 颜色/状态:
    Amorphous solid
  • 蒸汽压力:
    2.65X10-24 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
  • 旋光度:
    Specific optical rotation: -37 °C at 20 °C/D (c = 1 on CHCl3)
  • 解离常数:
    pKa = 8.74
  • 碰撞截面:
    263.5 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    4
  • 重原子数:
    52
  • 可旋转键数:
    7
  • 环数:
    3.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.97
  • 拓扑面积:
    180
  • 氢给体数:
    5
  • 氢受体数:
    14

ADMET

代谢
体外和体内研究尚未进行以评估阿奇霉素的代谢,然而,这种药物是通过肝脏消除的。
In vitro and in vivo studies to assess the metabolism of azithromycin have not been performed, however, this drug is eliminated by the liver,.
来源:DrugBank
代谢
生物转化的主要途径涉及去氧糖或大环内酯环9a位置上的N-脱甲基化。其他代谢途径包括克拉定糖和去氧糖部分以及大环内酯环的O-脱甲基化和解和/或羟基化。已经鉴定出阿奇霉素的最多10种代谢物,所有这些代谢物在微生物学上均不活跃。尽管短期给予阿奇霉素会导致药物在肝脏中积累并增加阿奇霉素脱甲基酶活性,但目前证据表明,通过细胞色素代谢物复合物形成导致肝细胞色素p450诱导失活的情况并不会发生。与红霉素不同,阿奇霉素不会通过此途径抑制其自身的代谢。
The principal route of biotransformation involves N-demethylation of the desosamine sugar or at the 9a position on the macrolide ring. Other metabolic pathways include O-demethylation and hydrolysis and/or hydroxylation of the cladinose and desosamine sugar moieties and the macrolide ring. Up to 10 metabolites of azithromycin have been identified, and all are microbiologically inactive. While short-term administration of azithromycin produces hepatic accumulation of the drug and increases azithromycin demethylase activity, current evidence indicates that hepatic cytochrome p450 induction of inactivation via cytochrome-metabolite complex formation does not occur. In contrast to erythromycin, azithromycin does not inhibit its own metabolism via this pathway.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 肝毒性
与其他大环内酯类抗生素一样,阿奇霉素被发现与血清转酶急性、短暂和无症状升高的低发生率有关,这种情况在接受短期治疗的1%至2%的患者中出现,长期接受阿奇霉素治疗的患者中比例略高。 阿奇霉素也罕见地会导致临床上明显的肝损伤。由于阿奇霉素的广泛使用,它也成为了药物诱导肝损伤的常见原因之一。由阿奇霉素引起的典型肝损伤与其他大环内酯类抗生素描述的相似,是一种自限性的胆汁淤积性肝炎,通常在开始治疗后的1到3周内出现(案例1)。偶尔在停用阿奇霉素后出现,即使在短短的2到3天的疗程后也可能发生。典型症状包括乏力、黄疸、腹痛和瘙痒。发热和嗜酸性粒细胞增多也可能出现,但免疫过敏特征通常不明显。这种由阿奇霉素引起的肝损伤通常是良性的,但在某些情况下会伴有持久的黄疸和肝功能测试异常持续6个月或更长时间。这些病例的肝脏组织学通常显示胆管缺失,如果严重,可能导致胆管消失综合征和慢性胆汁淤积性肝衰竭,最终需要肝移植。其他胆管缺失和长期胆汁淤积性肝炎的实例最终会解决,但可能会出现持续性血清碱性磷酸酶升高,其临床意义不确定。 阿奇霉素还可能引起肝细胞损伤,伴有症状和黄疸。在这些情况下,潜伏期通常很短,可能只有1到3天(案例2)。血清转平显著升高,碱性磷酸酶值通常不超过正常上限的两倍,尽管随着时间的推移可能会上升到更高的平。阿奇霉素引起的肝细胞型肝损伤可能很严重,导致急性肝衰竭和死亡或需要紧急肝移植。然而,在大多数情况下,恢复发生在4到8周内。 阿奇霉素还与严重的皮肤反应有关,如多形红斑、药物反应伴嗜酸性粒细胞增多和系统症状(DRESS)综合征、史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征(SJS)和中毒性表皮坏死松解症(TEN)。这些严重的皮肤反应通常与不同程度的肝损伤有关,可能伴有临床上明显的黄疸,通常表现为胆汁淤积模式。然而,严重的皮肤反应通常会掩盖肝损伤。 在细胞培养中,阿奇霉素表现出一定程度的抗病毒活性,并被证明可以抑制严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2),这是2019年爆发的严重COVID-19肺炎的病因,导致全球300多万人死亡。鉴于阿奇霉素的抗病毒活性以及抗炎作用,它被重新定位为治疗COVID-19的潜在疗法。尽管早期有希望的报道,但随后的随机对照试验发现,它对预防感染或改善COVID-19病程没有益处。2020年初授予阿奇霉素治疗COVID-19的紧急使用授权后来被撤回。 可能性评分:A(已知但罕见的临床上明显肝损伤原因)。
Like other macrolide antibiotics, azithromycin has been linked to a low rate of acute, transient and asymptomatic elevation in serum aminotransferases which occurs in 1% to 2% of patients treated for short periods, and a somewhat higher proportion of patients given azithromycin long term. Azithromycin can also rarely cause clinically apparent liver injury. Because azithromycin has become so commonly used, it has also become one of the more common causes of drug induced liver injury. The typical liver injury caused by azithromycin resembles that described with other macrolides and is a self-limited, cholestatic hepatitis, arising within 1 to 3 weeks of starting treatment (Case 1). It occasionally arises after azithromycin is stopped and can occur even after a short, 2 or 3 day course. Typical symptoms are fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain and pruritus. Fever and eosinophilia may also be present, but immunoallergic features are usually not prominent. This form of liver injury from azithromycin is usually benign, but in some instances is associated with prolonged jaundice and persistence of liver test abnormalities for 6 months or more. Liver histology in these cases generally demonstrates bile duct loss, which if severe, can result in vanishing bile duct syndrome and chronic cholestatic liver failure, ultimately requiring liver transplantation. Other instances of bile duct loss and prolonged cholestatic hepatitis ultimately resolve, but may be marked by persistent serum alkaline phosphatase elevations of uncertain clinical significance. Azithromycin can also cause hepatocellular injury with symptoms and jaundice. In these cases, the latency is typically short and may be 1 to 3 days only (Case 2). Serum aminotransferase levels are markedly elevated and alkaline phosphatase values are usually less than twice the upper limit of normal, although they may rise to higher levels with time. The hepatocellular forms of liver injury from azithromycin can be severe and lead to acute liver failure and death or need for emergency liver transplantation. However, in most cases, recovery occurs within 4 to 8 weeks. Azithromycin has also been associated with severe cutaneous reactions such as erythema multiforme, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic signs (DRESS) syndrome, Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN). These severe cutaneous reactions are often associated with some degree of liver injury and may be accompanied by clinically apparent injury with jaundice, usually with a cholestatic pattern. However, the severe cutaneous reactions usually overshadow the liver injury. In cell culture, azithromycin exhibits some degree of antiviral activity and was shown to inhibit the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the pandemic of severe COVID-19 pneumonia that arose in 2019 and led to more than 3 million deaths worldwide. In view of the antiviral activity as well as antiinflammatory actions of azithromycin, it was repurposed as a potential therapy of COVID-19. Despite early promising reports, subsequent randomized controlled trials found that it had no benefit in either prevention of infection or amelioration of the course of COVID-19 illness. An emergency use authorization granted to azithromycin as therapy of COVID-19 in early 2020 was later withdrawn. Likelihood score: A (well known but rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
化合物:阿奇霉素
Compound:azithromycin
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
DILI 注解:较少的药物性肝损伤关注
DILI Annotation:Less-DILI-Concern
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
严重等级:7
Severity Grade:7
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
“标签部分:不良反应”
Label Section:Adverse reactions
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
阿奇霉素生物利用度为37%,口服给药后。食物不影响吸收。肠道中麦迪霉素的吸收被认为是由P-糖蛋白(ABCB1)外排转运蛋白介导的,这些转运蛋白已知由_ABCB1_基因编码。
Bioavailability of azithromycin is 37% following oral administration. Absorption is not affected by food. Macrolide absorption in the intestines is believed to be mediated by P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) efflux transporters, which are known to be encoded by the _ABCB1_ gene.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
胆汁排泄阿奇霉素,主要是以未改变的药物形式,是主要的消除途径。在一周的时间里,大约有6%的给药剂量以未改变的药物形式在尿液中找到。
Biliary excretion of azithromycin, primarily as unchanged drug, is a major route of elimination. Over a 1 week period, approximately 6% of the administered dose is found as unchanged drug in urine.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
口服给药后,阿奇霉素在组织中广泛分布,表观稳态分布体积为31.1 L/kg。在组织中测量到的阿奇霉素浓度显著高于血浆或血清中的浓度。肺、扁桃体和前列腺是阿奇霉素摄取率特别高的器官。这种药物在巨噬细胞和多形核白细胞中浓缩,从而对沙眼衣原体有效。此外,通过体外培养技术发现,阿奇霉素还集中在吞噬细胞和纤维母细胞中。体内研究表明,吞噬细胞中的浓度可能有助于阿奇霉素分布到发炎的组织中。
After oral administration, azithromycin is widely distributed in tissues with an apparent steady-state volume of distribution of 31.1 L/kg. Significantly greater azithromycin concentrations have been measured in the tissues rather than in plasma or serum,. The lung, tonsils and prostate are organs have shown a particularly high rate of azithromycin uptake. This drug is concentrated within macrophages and polymorphonucleocytes, allowing for effective activity against Chlamydia trachomatis. In addition, azithromycin is found to be concentrated in phagocytes and fibroblasts, shown by in vitro incubation techniques. In vivo studies demonstrate that concentration in phagocytes may contribute to azithromycin distribution to inflamed tissues.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 清除
平均表观血浆清除率=630 mL/min(在单次500毫克口服和静脉给药后)
Mean apparent plasma cl=630 mL/min (following single 500 mg oral and i.v. dose)
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
“胆汁排泄的阿奇霉素,主要是以未改变的药物形式,是口服给药后消除的主要途径。”
Biliary excretion of azithromycin, predominantly as unchanged drug is a major route of elimination following oral administration.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险品标志:
    Xi
  • 安全说明:
    S22,S36/37,S45
  • 危险类别码:
    R42/43
  • WGK Germany:
    2
  • 海关编码:
    2941500000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    NONH for all modes of transport
  • RTECS号:
    RN6960000

SDS

SDS:bf0f462e79c3b66fd66947a7e5d96413
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制备方法与用途

这段文本包含了关于阿奇霉素的详细信息,包括化学性质、用途和生产方法。主要要点如下:

  1. 化学性质:
  • 白色结晶
  • 熔点113--115℃
  • [α]D20 -37°(C=1,氯仿)
  1. 用途:
  • 抗生素类药物,用于治疗敏感细菌引起的各种感染
  • 主要用于呼吸道感染、皮肤软组织感染和性传播疾病
  • 对革兰阳性菌的抗菌活性更强,对革兰阴性菌如流感嗜血杆菌等也有一定作用
  1. 生产方法: 以红霉素A为原料,经化后在盐酸作用下进行Beckmann重排,再脱、还原、甲基化可得阿奇霉素

  2. 临床评价:

  • 治疗呼吸道感染、泌尿生殖系统感染等效果良好
  • 对心血管高风险人群可能增加心血管死亡风险,但在真实世界人群中缺乏研究
  1. 药物使用注意事项:
  • 需饭前1小时或饭后2小时服用
  • 有变态反应立即停药并采取相应措施
  • 定期随访肝功能
  1. 真实世界研究结果: 阿奇霉素与未使用抗生素人群相比,心血管死亡风险显著增加,但不影响年轻人和中老年患者

这段信息详细介绍了阿奇霉素化学性质、用途、生产方法以及临床应用情况。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
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反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    阿奇霉素哌啶N-羟基-7-氮杂苯并三氮唑 、 palladium on activated carbon 、 氢气 、 lead(IV) tetraacetate 、 N,N-二异丙基乙胺 、 N-[(dimethylamino)-3-oxo-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-1-yl-methylene]-N-methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate 、 lithium hydroxide 作用下, 以 四氢呋喃甲醇二氯甲烷溶剂黄146N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 为溶剂, 20.0 ℃ 、250.0 kPa 条件下, 反应 25.5h, 生成 (2S)-2-amino-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-[4-[[(4R,7S,11R,12S,13S,14R,15R,17R)-14-(β-D-desosaminyl)oxy-15-hydroxy-12-(α-L-cladinosyl)oxy-7-isopropyl-1,11,13,15,17-pentamethyl-2,6,10-trioxo-1,5,9-triazacyclooctadec-4-yl]methyl]phenyl]propanamide
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Macrolide Inspired Macrocycles as Modulators of the IL-17A/IL-17RA Interaction
    摘要:
    DOI:
    10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00327
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    硫氰酸红霉素甲酸钾硼氢磷酸盐酸羟胺碳酸氢钠三乙胺对甲苯磺酰氯 作用下, 以 甲醇丙酮 为溶剂, 反应 71.0h, 生成 阿奇霉素
    参考文献:
    名称:
    一种去甲阿奇霉素的制备方法
    摘要:
    本发明公开了一种去甲阿奇霉素的制备方法,涉及大环内酯类抗生素制备技术领域。红霉素A 6,9‑亚胺醚在水中,0℃‑室温,pH 7.0‑9.0下,用还原试剂硼氢化钠或硼氢化钾还原;之后在有机溶剂和水存在下,0℃‑室温,pH 2.0‑3.5下,进行连续水解;再将连续水解两相反应液加入碱性水溶液中,调节pH≥12,搅拌,分层,弃去水相;有机溶剂为二氯甲烷、氯仿、1,2‑二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯或乙酸丁酯;连续水解的最后一次水解反应结束后,分层,水相直接加入碱性水溶液中,调节pH≥12,搅拌,析出去甲阿奇霉素。本方法提高了还原剂利用率,可以控制硼酸酯的逆反应,减少不必要的分离过程,得到高质量去甲阿奇霉素。
    公开号:
    CN107141324B
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    醌茜素阿奇霉素 作用下, 以 甲醇 为溶剂, 生成 1,2,5,8-Tetrahydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone anion radical
    参考文献:
    名称:
    与奎那利嗪的电荷转移反应的新型分光光度法测定药物制剂中的阿奇霉素
    摘要:
    本文提出了一种简便,快速的分光光度法测定药物制剂中阿奇霉素的新方法。该方法基于阿奇霉素和奎那利嗪在甲醇介质中的电荷转移反应。为了获得最大的灵敏度,评估了一些化学变量的影响,例如溶剂的类型,试剂的浓度和反应时间。根据所形成的产物的稳定性和化学计量来表征反应,并得出表观摩尔吸收率和缔合常数。在奎宁沙林浓度为50 mg L-1的甲醇培养基中观察到分析阿奇霉素的最佳条件。在这种情况下 试剂混合后,立即在介质中形成自由基阴离子(吸收物质),并在564 nm处显示最大吸收。该方法的检出限为0.35 mg L-1,定量限为1.2 mg L-1。它已成功用于三种阿奇霉素商业药物制剂中阿奇霉素的测定,未见基质干扰。
    DOI:
    10.1590/s0103-50532010000900010
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文献信息

  • Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
    申请人:Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
    公开号:US20150231142A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-08-20
    The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.
    本发明涉及含有上皮通道活性抑制剂与至少一种ABC转运蛋白调节剂化合物(A式、B式、C式或D式)的药物组合物。该发明还涉及这些药物配方,以及使用这些组合物治疗CFTR介导的疾病,特别是囊性纤维化的方法。
  • [EN] INHIBITORS OF BRUTON'S TYROSINE KINASE<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE TYROSINE KINASE DE BRUTON
    申请人:BIOCAD JOINT STOCK CO
    公开号:WO2018092047A1
    公开(公告)日:2018-05-24
    The present invention relates to a new compound of formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or stereoisomer thereof, wherein: V1 is C or N, V2 is C(R2) or N, whereby if V1 is C then V2 is N, if V1 is C then V2 is C(R2), or if V1 is N then V2 is C(R2); each n, k is independently 0, 1; each R2, R11 is independently H, D, Hal, CN, NR'R", C(O)NR'R", C1-C6 alkoxy; R3 is H, D, hydroxy, C(O)C1-C6 alkyl, C(O)C2-C6 alkenyl, C(O)C2-C6 alkynyl, C1-C6 alkyl; R4 is H, Hal, CN, CONR'R", hydroxy, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy; L is CH2, NH, O or chemical bond; R1 is selected from the group of the fragments, comprising: Fragment 1, Fragment 2, Fragment 3 each A1, A2, A3, A4 is independently CH, N, CHal; each A5, A6, A7, A8, A9 is independently C, CH or N; R5 is H, CN, Hal, CONR'R", C1-C6 alkyl, non-substituted or substituted by one or more halogens; each R' and R" is independently selected from the group, comprising H, C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 cycloalkyl, aryl; R6 is selected from the group: [formula II] each R7, R8, R9, R10 is independently vinyl, methylacetylenyl; Hal is CI, Br, I, F, which have properties of inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), to pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds, and their use as pharmaceuticals for treatment of diseases and disorder.
    本发明涉及一种新的化合物,其化学式为I:或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂化合物或立体异构体,其中:V1为C或N,V2为C(R2)或N,如果V1为C,则V2为N,如果V1为C,则V2为C(R2),或者如果V1为N,则V2为C(R2);每个n,k独立地为0或1;每个R2,R11独立地为H,D,Hal,CN,NR'R",C(O)NR'R",C1-C6烷氧基;R3为H,D,羟基,C(O)C1-C6烷基,C(O)C2-C6烯基,C(O)C2-C6炔基,C1-C6烷基;R4为H,Hal,CN,CONR'R",羟基,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6烷氧基;L为CH2,NH,O或化学键;R1从包括的片段组中选择:片段1,片段2,片段3,每个A1,A2,A3,A4独立地为CH,N,CHal;每个A5,A6,A7,A8,A9独立地为C,CH或N;R5为H,CN,Hal,CONR'R",C1-C6烷基,未取代或被一个或多个卤素取代;每个R'和R"独立地从包括H,C1-C6烷基,C1-C6环烷基,芳基的组中选择;R6从组中选择:[化学式II]每个R7,R8,R9,R10独立地为乙烯基,甲基乙炔基;Hal为CI,Br,I,F,具有布鲁顿酪氨酸激酶(Btk)抑制剂的性质,以及含有这种化合物的药物组合物,以及它们作为治疗疾病和紊乱的药物的用途。
  • [EN] 3,5-DIAMINO-6-CHLORO-N-(N-(4-PHENYLBUTYL)CARBAMIMIDOYL) PYRAZINE-2- CARBOXAMIDE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS 3,5-DIAMINO -6-CHLORO-N-(N- (4-PHÉNYLBUTYL)CARBAMIMIDOYL) PYRAZINE-2-CARBOXAMIDE
    申请人:PARION SCIENCES INC
    公开号:WO2014099673A1
    公开(公告)日:2014-06-26
    The present invention relates compounds of the formula: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, useful as sodium channel blockers, as well as compositions containing the same, processes for the preparation of the same, and therapeutic methods of use therefore in promoting hydration of mucosal surfaces and the treatment of diseases including cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, bronchiectasis, acute and chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and pneumonia.
    本发明涉及以下化合物的公式:或其药学上可接受的盐,用作通道阻滞剂,以及含有这些化合物的组合物,制备这些化合物的方法,以及在促进粘膜表面合和治疗包括囊性纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺病、哮喘、支气管扩张、急性和慢性支气管炎、肺气肿和肺炎等疾病的治疗方法。
  • CHLORO-PYRAZINE CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES WITH EPITHELIAL SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING ACTIVITY
    申请人:Parion Sciences, Inc.
    公开号:US20140171447A1
    公开(公告)日:2014-06-19
    This invention provides compounds of the formula I: and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, useful as sodium channel blockers, compositions containing the same, therapeutic methods and uses for the same and processes for preparing the same.
    这项发明提供了式I的化合物及其药用盐,可用作通道阻滞剂,包含这些化合物的组合物,以及用于这些化合物的治疗方法和用途,以及制备这些化合物的方法。
  • Integrase inhibitors
    申请人:Cai R. Zhenhong
    公开号:US20080058315A1
    公开(公告)日:2008-03-06
    Tricyclic compounds, protected intermediates thereof, and methods for inhibition of HIV-integrase are disclosed.
    三环化合物,其受保护的中间体,以及用于抑制HIV整合酶的方法被披露。
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