ASSUMING THAT THESE TERPENE ESTERS ARE HYDROLYZED TO THE ALCOHOLS, THEY PROBABLY ARE THEN OXIDIZED IN PART TO AN ACID KNOWN AS HILDEBRANDT ACID... IN CASE OF GERANIOL, SOME REDUCED HILDEBRANDT ACID (@ 2-3 DOUBLE BOND) IS ALSO FORMED.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
神经毒素 - 急性溶剂综合症
Neurotoxin - Acute solvent syndrome
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In human patch test, geraniol at 32% concentration was severely irritating and geranyl acetate mildly irritating.[MOTOYOSKI ET AL; COSMET TOILETRIES 94(8) 41 (1979)]
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
人类毒性摘录
/其他毒性信息/ 这些酯类香料似乎在生产、处理或最终使用过程中没有引起任何健康问题。对它们的皮肤致敏似乎很少见。[Patty, F. (ed.). 工业卫生与毒理学:第二卷:毒理学。第二版。纽约:Interscience Publishers, 1963年,第1864页]。
/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ NONE OF THESE PERFUME ACETATES SEEMS TO HAVE GIVEN RISE TO ANY HEALTH PROBLEMS IN MANUFACTURING, HANDLING, OR IN THEIR END USES. SKIN SENSITIZATION TO THEM APPEARS TO BE RARE.[Patty, F. (ed.). Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology: Volume II: Toxicology. 2nd ed. New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963., p. 1864]
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Groups of 5 male and female F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were administered a single dose of food-grade geranyl acetate (500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, or 8,000 mg/kg bw) in corn oil by gavage. All rats receiving 8,000 mg geranyl acetate/kg bw died on day 2. Four of the 5 male mice and all of the female mice receiving 8,000 mg/kg died. All mice administered 1,000-8,000 mg/kg were inactive immediately after dosing.No other deaths occurred among the rats or mice.[Carcinogenesis Studies of Food Grade Geranyl Acetate (71% Geranyl acetate, 29% Citronellyl Acetate) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Study). Technical Report Series No. 252 (1987) NIH Publication No. 88-2508 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709]
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Groups of 5 male and female F344/N rats and B63F1 mice were administered food grade geranyl acetate in corn oil by gavage for 14 consecutive days at doses of 0, 62, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg bw (rats) or 0, 125, 250, 500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg bw (mice). All rats survived to the end of the dosing period. The activity of all rats that received 1,000 mg/kg decreased after dosing between days 2 and 4 of the studies. No compound-related effects were observed in rats during necropsy. Three female mice that received 2,000 mg/kg died. All other mice survived to the end of the 14-day dosing period. All mice that received 1,000 mg/kg or more were inactive after the dose was administered but they returned to normal within 24 hours. One of the 5 male mice that received 2,000 mg/kg had a thickened duodenal wall, and 3 of 5 female mice receiving 2,000 mg/kg had a thickened wall of the cardiac stomach. These effects were considered to be compound related.
Sesquiterpene Cyclizations inside the Hexameric Resorcinarene Capsule: Total Synthesis of δ‐Selinene and Mechanistic Studies
作者:Qi Zhang、Konrad Tiefenbacher
DOI:10.1002/anie.201906753
日期:2019.9.2
capsule was utilized as an artificial cyclase to catalyze the cyclization of sesquiterpenes. With the cyclization reaction as the key step, the first total synthesis of the sesquiterpene natural product δ-selinene was achieved. This represents the first total synthesis of a sesquiterpene natural product that is based on the cyclization of a linear terpene precursor inside a supramolecular catalyst
A direct approach to amines with remote stereocentres by enantioselective CuH-catalysed reductive relay hydroamination
作者:Shaolin Zhu、Nootaree Niljianskul、Stephen L. Buchwald
DOI:10.1038/nchem.2418
日期:2016.2
elements in many pharmaceutical agents and natural products. However, previously reported methods to prepare these compounds in an enantioselective manner are indirect and require multistep synthesis. Here, we report a copper-hydride-catalysed, enantioselectivesynthesis of γ- or δ-chiral amines from readily available allylic alcohols, esters and ethers using a reductive relay hydroamination strategy (a
Zwitterionic Sulfobetaine Inhibitors of Squalene Synthase
作者:Thomas A. Spencer、Thomas J. Onofrey、Reginald O. Cann、Jonathon S. Russel、Laura E. Lee、Daniel E. Blanchard、Alfredo Castro、Peide Gu、Guojian Jiang、Ishaiahu Shechter
DOI:10.1021/jo981617q
日期:1999.2.1
A substantial number of sulfobetaines (e.g., 10) have been synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of squalenesynthase (SS) on the basis of the idea that their zwitterionic structure would have properties conducive both to binding in the active site and to passage through cell membranes. When the simple sulfobetaine moiety is incorporated into compounds containing hydrophobic portions like those in
The present application relates to encapsulates, compositions, products comprising such encapsulates, and processes for making and using such encapsulates. Such encapsulates comprise a core comprising a perfume and a shell that encapsulates said core, such encapsulates may optionally comprise a parametric balancing agent, such shell comprising one or more azobenzene moieties.
Bismuth Oxide Perchlorate as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Heteroatom Acylation Under Solvent-Free Conditions
作者:Asit K. Chakraborti、Rajesh Gulhane、Shivani
DOI:10.1055/s-2003-41442
日期:——
Bismuth oxide perchlorate efficiently catalyzes the acetylation of structurally diverse phenols, alcohols, thiols, and amines undersolventfree conditions. Sterically hindered and electron deficient phenols are acetylated in excellent yields with stoichiometric amounts of Ac 2 O at room temperature. Acylation of acid-sensitive alcohols is carried out efficiently without competitive side reactions
高氯酸铋在无溶剂条件下有效催化结构不同的酚、醇、硫醇和胺的乙酰化。空间位阻和缺电子酚在室温下用化学计量的 Ac 2 O 以极好的收率乙酰化。酸敏感醇的酰化可以有效地进行,没有竞争性副反应。光学活性底物被乙酰化,对光学纯度没有任何不利影响。