吡哆醇又名维生素B6或抗糙皮病维生素,学名为2-甲基-3-羟基-4,5-二羟甲基吡啶,俗名盐酸吡哆辛。通常以盐酸盐的形式存在,为白色或微黄色结晶性粉末,熔点在204—206℃(分解)。它溶于水、乙醇和丙酮,微溶于乙醚,在空气中稳定但遇日光会逐渐变质,并容易升华。与氯化铁反应时呈现红棕色。
食物来源吡哆醇主要存在于米糠、蔬菜、酵母、糖蜜以及脂肪等食物中。
药理作用在体内,吡哆醇通过与ATP结合形成具有生理活性的磷酸吡哆醛和磷酸吡哆胺。这些是某些氨基酸氨基转移酶、脱羧酸及消旋酶的辅酶,参与了多种代谢过程。维生素B6适用于预防和治疗维生素B6缺乏症,同时可用于防治异烟肼和环丝氨酸中毒,以及缓解妊娠、放射病和抗癌药所致的呕吐、脂溢性皮炎等病症。此外,它还可以减轻秋水仙碱的毒性。
功能维生素B6的主要功能是通过活性磷酸吡哆醛的形式形成辅酶并参与代谢,在氨基移换、脱羧和氨基酸分解等反应中起重要作用。同时,它也参与脂肪和碳水化合物的代谢。维生素B6的拮抗物包括羟基嘧啶、脱氧吡哆醇和异烟肼。维生素B6不足或存在拮抗物时可能导致缺乏症。
临床应用 急症医学中的应用维生素B6通过参与氨基酸代谢,与中枢神经递质γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的合成有关。因此,在紧急情况下补充维生素B6有助于缓解症状和治疗相关疾病。
儿科及成人疾病的治疗维生素B6不仅在儿科疾病中应用广泛,如婴儿营养不良、发育迟缓等,也在成人的多种病症中发挥重要作用,包括神经退行性疾病、精神病以及一些遗传性代谢障碍。
生产方法吡哆醇可以从稻谷壳、甘蔗、酵母和麦芽等多种原料中提取。进一步的合成可以通过化学途径实现,以提高生产效率和减少对环境的影响。
食品添加剂最大允许使用量及标准吡哆醇是针状结晶(丙酮)形式存在,熔点在160℃左右。它易升华且口服LD50为4000mg/kg。
用途 生产方法吡哆醇可以从稻谷壳、甘蔗、酵母以及麦芽等多种原料中提取。进一步的合成可以通过化学途径实现,以提高生产效率并减少对环境的影响。2003年,罗氏(上海)维生素有限公司成功建设了国内首条不用苯作溶剂的维生素B6生产线,这是维生素B6生产工艺的重大突破。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
5-羟基-4-甲氧甲基-6-甲基-3-吡啶甲醇 | ginkgotoxin | 1464-33-1 | C9H13NO3 | 183.207 |
5-甲氧基-6-甲基-3,4-吡啶二甲醇 | 3-O-Methyl-pyridoxol | 633-72-7 | C9H13NO3 | 183.207 |
(5-羟基-4-(羟甲基)-6-甲基吡啶-3-基)乙酸甲酯 | <5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl>methyl acetate | 220092-30-8 | C10H13NO4 | 211.218 |
吡多胺 | pyridoxamine | 85-87-0 | C8H12N2O2 | 168.195 |
吡哆醛 | pyridoxal | 66-72-8 | C8H9NO3 | 167.164 |
1,5-二氢-3-异丙基-8-甲基-[1,3]二氧杂卓并[5,6-c]吡啶-9-醇 | 4,5'-O-isobutylidenepyridoxine | 1622-67-9 | C12H17NO3 | 223.272 |
5-羟基-6-甲基-3,4-吡啶二甲酸 | 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid | 479-30-1 | C8H7NO5 | 197.147 |
—— | 3-Hydroxy-2-methylpyridin-4,5-dicarbonsaeuredimethylester | 18872-74-7 | C10H11NO5 | 225.201 |
—— | 4,5-bis-aminomethyl-2-methyl-pyridin-3-ol | 45996-87-0 | C8H13N3O | 167.211 |
—— | 5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester | 2397-71-9 | C12H15NO5 | 253.255 |
3-异丙基-8-甲基-1,5-二氢[1,3]二氧杂卓并[5,6-c]吡啶-9-基乙酸酯 | 8-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-1H,3H,5H-[1,3]dioxepino[5,6-c]pyridin-9-yl acetate | 92671-67-5 | C14H19NO4 | 265.309 |
—— | 2-Methyl-3-amino-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-pyridin | 15741-69-2 | C8H12N2O2 | 168.195 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
5-羟基-4-甲氧甲基-6-甲基-3-吡啶甲醇 | ginkgotoxin | 1464-33-1 | C9H13NO3 | 183.207 |
—— | 3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-5-methoxymethyl-2-methylpyridine | 55422-51-0 | C9H13NO3 | 183.207 |
4-脱氧吡哆辛 | 4-deoxypyridoxine | 61-67-6 | C8H11NO2 | 153.181 |
4-(乙氧基甲基)-5-(羟甲基)-2-甲基吡啶-3-醇 | 5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(ethoxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol | 53580-89-5 | C10H15NO3 | 197.234 |
—— | 5'-O-benzylpyridoxine | 26864-21-1 | C15H17NO3 | 259.305 |
—— | 5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-((2-methoxyethoxy)methyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol | —— | C11H17NO4 | 227.26 |
5-甲氧基-6-甲基-3,4-吡啶二甲醇 | 3-O-Methyl-pyridoxol | 633-72-7 | C9H13NO3 | 183.207 |
—— | 4-(butoxymethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol | 59050-89-4 | C12H19NO3 | 225.288 |
1,3-二氢-6-甲基-呋喃并[3,4-c]吡啶-7-醇 | 7-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3-dihydrofuro<3,4-c>pyridin | 5196-20-3 | C8H9NO2 | 151.165 |
—— | 5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-((isopentyloxy)methyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol | 59050-82-7 | C13H21NO3 | 239.315 |
—— | 5'-O-pentylpyridoxine | 922170-18-1 | C13H21NO3 | 239.315 |
—— | 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-(((2-methylallyl)oxy)methyl)pyridin-3-ol | —— | C12H17NO3 | 223.272 |
—— | 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-((pentan-2-yloxy)methyl)pyridin-3-ol | —— | C13H21NO3 | 239.315 |
—— | 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methyl-4-((tert-pentyloxy)methyl)pyridin-3-ol | —— | C13H21NO3 | 239.315 |
(5-羟基-4-(羟甲基)-6-甲基吡啶-3-基)乙酸甲酯 | <5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl>methyl acetate | 220092-30-8 | C10H13NO4 | 211.218 |
5-吡哆酸 | 5-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-nicotinic acid | 524-07-2 | C8H9NO4 | 183.164 |
2-甲基-3-羟基-4-羧基-3-羟甲基吡啶 | 4-pyridoxic acid | 82-82-6 | C8H9NO4 | 183.164 |
—— | Isopyridoxal | 6560-46-9 | C8H9NO3 | 167.164 |
吡哆醛 | pyridoxal | 66-72-8 | C8H9NO3 | 167.164 |
—— | Phosphoric acid mono-(3-hydroxy-2-methyl-5-phosphonooxymethyl-pyridin-4-ylmethyl) ester | 742686-87-9 | C8H13NO9P2 | 329.14 |
—— | 3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine-3,4-dimethyl diacetate | 26280-83-1 | C12H15NO5 | 253.255 |
—— | 3-allyloxy-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine | 81036-02-4 | C11H15NO3 | 209.245 |
—— | <5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl>methyl hexanoate | —— | C14H21NO4 | 267.325 |
—— | 3-(3-butenyloxy)-4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridine | 128175-30-4 | C12H17NO3 | 223.272 |
—— | α4,α5-O-Isopropyliden-pyridoxol | 948-00-5 | C11H15NO3 | 209.245 |
1,5-二氢-3-羟基-8-甲基-[1,3,2]二氧杂磷杂卓并[5,6-c]吡啶-9-醇 3-氧化物 | MRS 2219 | 14141-47-0 | C8H10NO5P | 231.145 |
5-羟基-6-甲基-3,4-吡啶二甲酸 | 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid | 479-30-1 | C8H7NO5 | 197.147 |
—— | 3-hydroxy-5-methoxymethyl-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde | 49668-48-6 | C9H11NO3 | 181.191 |
—— | ethylpyridoxamine | 1206675-05-9 | C10H16N2O2 | 196.249 |
—— | 5-O-benzylpyridoxamine | 195441-50-0 | C15H18N2O2 | 258.32 |
—— | 4,5-bis(ethoxymethyl)-3-ethoxy-2-methyl-pyridine | 1207063-78-2 | C14H23NO3 | 253.342 |
4-吡啶甲醛,3-羟基-2-甲基-5-[(苯基甲氧基)甲基]- | 5-(benzyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4-carbaldehyde | 169689-24-1 | C15H15NO3 | 257.289 |
—— | pentyl-pyridoxamine | 195441-69-1 | C13H22N2O2 | 238.33 |
丁-1,3-二烯1,2-二乙烯基苯苯乙烯 | 4-pyridoxic acid 5'-phosphate | 954-27-8 | C8H10NO7P | 263.144 |
2-甲基-3-羟基-4-羟基甲基-5-羧基吡啶内酯 | 7-hydroxy-6-methyl-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyridin-3-one | 4543-56-0 | C8H7NO3 | 165.148 |
—— | 3,5'-O-dibenzylpyridoxine | 25183-10-2 | C22H23NO3 | 349.43 |
4-吡哆酸内酯 | 7-hydroxy-6-methylfuro[3,4-c]pyridin-1(3H)-one | 4753-19-9 | C8H7NO3 | 165.148 |
2-[5-羟基-4-(羟甲基)-6-甲基吡啶-3-基]乙基膦酸 | 2-(3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-5-pyridyl)ethylphosphonic acid | 17985-82-9 | C9H14NO5P | 247.188 |
磷酸吡哆醛 | pyridoxal 5'-phosphate | 54-47-7 | C8H10NO6P | 247.144 |
—— | 3-(5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)acrylic acid | 27856-01-5 | C10H11NO4 | 209.202 |
—— | 3-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)pyridoxine | —— | C29H29NO5 | 471.553 |
—— | 3,4-dihydro-4,10-dimethyl-7-hydroxymethyl-2H,6H<1,5>-dioxocino<2,3-c>pyridine | 785742-59-8 | C12H17NO3 | 223.272 |
—— | 2-(3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-5-pyridyl)ethenylphosphonic acid | 19730-77-9 | C9H12NO5P | 245.172 |
—— | 2,3-dihydro-3,9-dimethyl-6-hydroxymethyl-5H<1,4>-dioxepino<5,6-c>pyridine | 128175-33-7 | C11H15NO3 | 209.245 |
—— | ethyl 3-(5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)propanoate | 210540-54-8 | C12H17NO4 | 239.271 |
—— | 5-methoxy-6-methyl-pyridine-3,4-dicarboxylic acid | 7442-22-0 | C9H9NO5 | 211.174 |
—— | ethyl 3-(5-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)acrylate | —— | C12H15NO4 | 237.255 |
吡啶并[4,3-e]-1,2,4-三嗪,5,6,7,8-四氢-3-(三氟甲基)- | 3-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxymethyl-9-methyl-5H<1,4>-dioxepino<5,6-c>pyridine | 724696-70-2 | C12H17NO3 | 223.272 |
—— | 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis-brommethyl-pyridin | 55652-71-6 | C8H9Br2NO | 294.974 |
—— | 7-methoxy-6-methyl-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyridin-3-one | 847020-95-5 | C9H9NO3 | 179.175 |
—— | 2-Methyl-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis-chlormethyl-pyridin | 102694-13-3 | C8H9Cl2NO | 206.072 |
(5-乙酰氧基-6-甲基-3,4-吡啶二基)二(亚甲基)二乙酸酯 | pyridoxine triacetate | 10030-93-0 | C14H17NO6 | 295.292 |
2,2,8-三甲基-4H-1,3-二恶英并[4,5-c]吡啶-5-甲醇 | (2,2,8-trimethyl-4H-[1,3]dioxino[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)methanol | 1136-52-3 | C11H15NO3 | 209.245 |
—— | 5-(2-carboxyethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylisonicotinic acid | 1345962-33-5 | C10H11NO5 | 225.201 |
—— | 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-4-cyano-5-chloromethylpyridine | 86445-30-9 | C8H7ClN2O | 182.609 |
—— | 3,4-dihydro-7-hydroxymethyl-10-methyl-4-<(phenylseleno)methyl>-2H,6H<1,5>-dioxocino<2,3-c>pyridine | 128196-16-7 | C18H21NO3Se | 378.33 |
—— | 5a-O-(α-D-Galactopyranosyl) pyridoxine | —— | C14H21NO8 | 331.323 |
—— | 5a-O-(β-D-Galactopyranosyl) pyridoxine | —— | C14H21NO8 | 331.323 |
—— | 5a-O-(α-D-Mannopyranosyl) pyridoxine | —— | C14H21NO8 | 331.323 |
—— | pyridoxine mannoside | 251560-87-9 | C14H21NO8 | 331.323 |
—— | 5'-O-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)pyridoxine | 63245-12-5 | C14H21NO8 | 331.323 |
—— | 4a-O-(β-D-Galactopyranosyl) pyridoxine | —— | C14H21NO8 | 331.323 |
—— | 4a-O-(α-D-Mannopyranosyl) pyridoxine | —— | C14H21NO8 | 331.323 |
—— | pyridoxine 4'-α-D-glucoside | —— | C14H21NO8 | 331.323 |
—— | 6-O-(α-D-galactopyranosyl)pyridoxine | 1169868-99-8 | C14H21NO8 | 331.323 |
—— | 5-(2-carboxyvinyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methylisonicotinic acid | —— | C10H9NO5 | 223.185 |
—— | 2,3-dihydro-6-hydroxymethyl-9-methyl-3-<(phenylseleno)methyl>-5H<1,4>-dioxepino<5,6-c>pyridine | 128175-31-5 | C17H19NO3Se | 364.303 |
—— | 5-acetoxy-4-acetoxymethyl-6-methyl-nicotinic acid | 105106-29-4 | C12H13NO6 | 267.238 |
—— | 5'-O-(β-D-fructofuranosyl)-pyridoxine | 149950-42-5 | C14H21NO8 | 331.323 |
—— | 5-Mercapto-6-methyl-3,4-pyridin-dimethanol | 2545-66-6 | C8H11NO2S | 185.247 |