A healthy adult male volunteer drank a 235 ml aliquot of a liquid dietary supplement containing an unknown quantity of ethyl vanillin. A concentration of 13 mg ethyl vanillic acid/g creatinine was found in a 12-hour urine sample. The compound was not present in urine collected before exposure.
Ethyl vanillic acid was identified by GC/MS in the urine of a 9-year old female patient who had received liquid dietary supplementation flavored with vanilla. Other patients excreting this acid were also known to have consumed foodstuffs flavored with ethyl vanillin. Eight different urine samples containing more than 50 mg ethyl vanillic acid/g creatinine were also found to contain small amounts of vanillylmandelic acid. Unchanged ethyl vanillin was not detected in any of the urine samples.
During urinary organic acid profiling in human subjects, several patients excreted high concentrations of ethyl vanillic acid (3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid) and traces of 3-ethoxy-4-hydroxy- mandelic acid.
Ethyl (14C)-vanillin was administered to male and female Sprague Dawley CD rats at single oral doses of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg bw. Rapid metabolism occurred and the principal metabolite at all dose levels was ethyl vanillic acid. Analysis of urine after hydrolysis with glucuronidase and/or sulfatase indicated that the major metabolites were glucuronide or sulfate conjugates of ethyl vanillic acid (56-62%), ethyl vanillyl alcohol (15-20%), and ethyl vanillin (7-12%). A minor proportion of the dose (2-8%) was excreted as the glycine conjugate of vanillic acid (ethyl vanilloyl glycine).
Early reports indicated that ethyl vanillin was probably metabolized to glucuroethyl vanillin and ethyl vanillic acid, of which some was conjugated with glucuronic and sulfuric acids.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ethyl vanillin forms fine crystalline needles and is used in fragrances for its vanilla odor. It is also used as a replacement of or to strengthen the flavor of vanilla in a variety of foods. Ethyl vanillin is a widely used food additive and spice in foods, beverages, cosmetics and drugs. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Research in humans showed that ethyl vanillin had no significant effect on the activity of five human CYP450 enzymes with concentration ranged from 8 to 128 uM. A 2% concentration of ethyl vanillin caused mild irritation on the skin of humans after 48 hours of direct contact. ANIMAL STUDIES: In animal studies, ethyl vanillin was found to be mostly non-toxic except when given at high doses for longer than 6 weeks. Rabbits were given ethyl vanillin orally in 10% aqueous glycerin 49 mg/kg bw/day for 43 days. At this dose level anemia, diarrhea and lack of weight gain were observed. Rats (20/sex/group) were fed ethyl vanillin of > 99.9% purity (nature of diet e.g., semi-synthetic/chow diet, not specified) at dose levels of 0, 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/kg bw/day for 13 weeks. Clinical biochemistry showed statistically significant higher values in the high-dose group compared to control for ALAT, ALP, cholesterol and total plasma protein. Histological examination revealed a dose-related increased incidence of hepatic peribiliary inflammatory change in both males and females of the intermediate- and high-dose groups, and minor bile duct hyperplasia affecting 1/20 intermediate- and 4/20 high-dose males. There were no changes observed in the liver parenchyma and no degenerative or inflammatory changes of the bile duct epithelium. Increased white pulp cellularity and prominence of germinal centers in the spleen, and increased prominence of germinal centers and lymphoid proliferation in cervical lymph nodes were seen in the intermediate- and high-dose groups. Groups of 12 male and 12 female rats were fed diets containing 0, 0.5, 1 and 2% ethyl vanillin for 2 years or 2% and 5% for one year without any adverse effects on growth, organ weights of major organs, hematology and histology of major tissues. In genotoxicity studies, ethyl vanillin did not induce genetic changes in vitro but was reported to enhance the ability of mitomycin C to cause sister chromatid exchanges. Ethyl vanillin has shown to have anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive properties that are based on its suppressive effect on the production of nitric oxide possibly via decreasing the reactive oxygen species level. The in vivo results revealed that drug interaction between vanillin/ethyl vanillin and drugs metabolized by CYP2E1 or CYP1A2 might be possible, and also suggested that the application of the above additives in foods and drugs should not be unlimited so as to avoid the adverse interaction. The thermal tolerance Cronobacter sakazakii was examined in sterile powdered infant formula (PIF) rehydrated at 58 °C in water or apple juice supplemented with vanillin, ethyl vanillin, or vanillic acid. All three compounds decreased thermal tolerance during-rehydration. Supplementation of PIF with vanillin, ethyl vanillin, or vanillic acid could enhance the safety of PIF or other dehydrated foods contaminated with C. sakazakii.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素：在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒案例。
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Phenols and related compounds/
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Administer activated charcoal ... . Dilution may be contraindicated because if may increase absorption. Do not use emetics. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . Maintain body temperature. /Phenols and related compounds/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Administer 1% solution methylene blue if patient is symptomatic with severe hypoxia, cyanosis, and cardiac compromise not responding to oxygen. ... Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam. ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Phenols and related compounds/
Ethyl (14C)-vanillin was administered to male and female Sprague-Dawley CD rats by gavage in polyethylene glycol solution at single doses of 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg bw. Ethyl vanillin was rapidly absorbed and peak plasma radioactivity occurred within 2 hr after dosing at all dose levels, falling rapidly to undetectable levels within 96 hr. Plasma radioactivity tended to be higher in female than male rats and it was postulated that this might reflect a lower metabolic capacity of female rats. Urinary excretion of radioactivity was rapid and more than 94% of the dose was excreted by this route within 24 hr. Only 1-5% of the dose was excreted in faeces. After 5 days, more than 99% of the administered dose was excreted. No radioactivity was detected in expired air, indicating that the aromatic ring was in a metabolically stable position.
已经开发出了一种有效的好氧氧化方法，可以使用一种新型的可磁分离的纳米结构钴-氧化钴/氮掺杂碳（CoO x @CN）材料从相应的对甲酚中选择性制备一系列有价值的对羟基苯甲醛。。CoO x @CN对2-甲氧基-4-甲酚氧化为香兰素具有很高的活性，收率（90％）高，具有良好的周转率（210），以及其他p-甲酚产量高到高。对催化性能进行了研究，并将其与通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM），透射电子显微镜（TEM），X射线衍射（XRD），X射线光电子能谱（XPS），傅里叶测定的结构，化学和磁性相关-变换红外光谱（FT-IR）和振动样品磁力计（VSM）。还研究了碱与底物的摩尔比，催化剂浓度，温度和溶剂对转化率和选择性的影响。研究表明，CoO x具有显着的催化性能@CN可以归因于具有大表面积的活性物种氧化钴，掺杂氮和多孔碳。催化剂的尺寸是催化剂性能的关键因素。催化剂的铁磁性能使它易于通过外部磁场进行再循环，并连
Oxime derivatives for the treatment of dyslipidemia and hypercholesteremia
申请人：——
公开号：US20030083357A1
公开（公告）日：2003-05-01
The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) which may be useful in the treatment of diseases, such as, metabolic disorders, dyslipidemia and/or hyperchloesterolemia:
1
attractive strategy for treating diseases associated with P. aeruginosa infection. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of gingerol analogs targeting LasR, a master regulator of quorum sensing networks in P. aeruginosa. Structure–activityrelationship studies showed that a hydrogen-bonding interaction in the head section, stereochemistry and rotational rigidity in the middle section, and optimal
NITROGEN-CONTAINING HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND OR SALT THEREOF
申请人：FUJIFILM Corporation
公开号：US20150322063A1
公开（公告）日：2015-11-12
A compound represented by Formula [1] (in the formula, Z
1
represents N, CH, or the like; X
1
represents NH or the like; R
1
represents a heteroaryl group or the like; each of R
2
, R
3
, and R
4
represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, or the like; and R
5
represents a heteroaryl group or the like) or salt thereof.
Synthesis, characterisation and biological activity of novel 4-thiazolidinones, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and some related compounds
作者：Ş.Güniz Küçükgüzel、E.Elçin Oruç、Sevim Rollas、Fikrettin Şahin、Ahmet Özbek
DOI：10.1016/s0223-5234(01)01326-5
日期：2002.3
4-thiazolidinone derivatives, namely 2-substituted-3-([4-(4-methoxybenzoylamino)benzoyl]amino)-4-thiazolidinones (7a-e) and 2-[4-(4-methoxybenzoylamino)benzoylhydrazono]-3-alkyl-4-thiazolidinones (5a-c) together with 2-[4-(4-methoxybenzoylamino)phenyl]-5-(substituted phenyl)amino-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (6a-c) have been synthesised as title compounds. N(1)-[4-(4-methoxybenzoylamino)benzoyl]-N(2)-substituted methylene
The reaction of 1-adamantyl isothiocyanate 4 with the various cyclic secondary amines yielded the corresponding N-(1-adamantyl)carbothioamides 5a–e, 6, 7, 8a–c and 9. Similarly, the reaction of 4 with piperazine and trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine in 2:1 molar ratio yielded the corresponding N,N'-bis(1-adamantyl)piperazine-1,4-dicarbothioamides 10a and 10b, respectively. The reaction of N-(1-adamantyl)-4-ethoxycarbonylpiperidine-1-carbothioamide 8c with excess hydrazine hydrate yielded the target carbohydrazide 11, in addition to 4-(1-adamantyl)thiosemicarbazide 12 as a minor product. The reaction of the carbohydrazide 11 with methyl or phenyl isothiocyanate followed by heating in aqueous sodium hydroxide yielded the 1,2,4-triazole analogues 14a and 14b. The reaction of the carbohydrazide 11 with various aromatic aldehydes yielded the corresponding N'-arylideneamino derivatives 15a–g. The compounds 5a–e, 6, 7, 8a–c, 9, 10a, 10b, 14a, 14b and 15a–g were tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity against certain strains of pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the yeast-like fungus Candida albicans. The compounds 5c, 5d, 5e, 6, 7, 10a, 10b, 15a, 15f and 15g showed potent antibacterial activity against one or more of the tested microorganisms. The oral hypoglycemic activity of compounds 5c, 6, 8b, 9, 14a and 15b was determined in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Compound 5c produced significant reduction of serum glucose levels, compared to gliclazide.
