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叔丁醇 | 75-65-0

中文名称
叔丁醇
中文别名
第三級丁醇;T-丁醇;2-甲基-2-丙醇;三甲基甲醇;特丁醇
英文名称
tert-butyl alcohol
英文别名
tertiary butyl alcohol;t-Butyl alcohol;tert-butanol;t-butanol;t-BuOH;2-methylpropan-2-ol;2-methyl-2-propanol;tertiary butanol;TBA;tert‑butanol
叔丁醇化学式
CAS
75-65-0
化学式
C4H10O
mdl
——
分子量
74.1228
InChiKey
DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    23-26 °C (lit.)
  • 沸点:
    83 °C (lit.)
  • 密度:
    0.775 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
  • 蒸气密度:
    2.55 (vs air)
  • 闪点:
    95 °F
  • 溶解度:
    水:混溶
  • 最大波长(λmax):
    λ: 215 nm Amax: 1.00λ: 230 nm Amax: 0.50λ: 250 nm Amax: 0.20λ: 300-350 nm Amax: 0.01
  • 介电常数:
    7.8(19℃)
  • 暴露限值:
    TLV-TWA 300 mg/m3 (100 ppm) (ACGIH); IDLH 8000 ppm.
  • LogP:
    0.350
  • 物理描述:
    Tert-butyl alcohol is a colorless oily liquid with a sharp alcohol odor. Floats and mixes with water. Produces irritating vapor. Freezing point is 78°F. (USCG, 1999)
  • 颜色/状态:
    A colorless liquid, which forms rhombic crystals melting at 25 to 25.5 °C
  • 气味:
    Camphor-like odor
  • 蒸汽密度:
    2.55 (NTP, 1992) (Relative to Air)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    40.7 mm Hg at 25 °C
  • 亨利常数:
    9.05e-06 atm-m3/mole
  • 大气OH速率常数:
    1.12e-12 cm3/molecule*sec
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. 具有叔醇的化学反应特性,比伯醇和仲醇更容易发生脱水反应。与盐酸振摇易生成氯化物,对金属无腐蚀性。 2. 与水能形成共沸混合物,含水量为21.76%,共沸点为79.92℃,在水溶液中加入碳酸钾可使其分层。易燃,其蒸气与空气可形成爆炸性混合物,遇明火、高热时会引发燃烧或爆炸。与氧化剂会发生强烈反应。 3. 稳定性:稳定 [20] 4. 禁配物:酸类、酸酐、强氧化剂 [21] 5. 聚合危害:不会发生聚合 [22]
  • 自燃温度:
    892 °F (478 °C)
  • 分解:
    Toxic gases & vapors (e.g., carbon monoxide & isobutylene) may be released in a fire involving tert-butyl alcohol.
  • 汽化热:
    39.07 kJ/mol
  • 电离电位:
    9.70 eV
  • 气味阈值:
    Odor threshold 219 mg/cu m (odor low) 219 mg/cu m (odor high)
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction: 1.3878 at 20 °C/D
  • 解离常数:
    pKa = 19.20
  • 保留指数:
    518;523.5;500;500;500;515;493;491;527;514;519;500;512;515.7;508.4;511.4;520.8;514;509;512;512;509;512;500;543;512

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    0.5
  • 重原子数:
    5
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    1.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    20.2
  • 氢给体数:
    1
  • 氢受体数:
    1

ADMET

代谢
研究人员通过胃管给三只栗鼠兔喂食了12毫摩尔的叔丁醇。叔丁醇在很大程度上与葡萄糖醛酸结合,并且可以从兔尿中轻易地分离出葡萄糖苷酸;以剂量的百分比来看,24小时内额外排出的葡萄糖醛酸平均为24.4%。研究人员建议,挥发性醇也可能在一定程度上以未改变的状态通过肺部排出。在给予6毫升叔丁醇(途径未指定)的兔呼出的空气中没有检测到醛或酮。
/Researchers/ administered 12 mmol of t-butyl alcohol by stomach tube to three chinchilla rabbits. t-Butyl alcohol was conjugated to a large extent with glucuronic acid, and glucuronides were readily isolated from the rabbit urine; as a percentage of dose, the average extra glucuronic acid excreted over 24 hr was 24.4%. The researchers suggested that volatile alcohols might also be eliminated to some extent in an unchanged state by the lungs. No aldehydes or ketones were detected in the expired air of a rabbit given 6 mL t-butyl alcohol (route unspecified).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
t-丁醇不是醇脱氢酶的底物,也不是过氧化氢酶过氧化活性的底物,因此,它常被用作不可代谢醇的例子。叔丁醇是羟基自由基的清除剂,可以通过四种不同的系统被氧化成甲醛和丙酮:(a)铁催化的抗坏血酸氧化(b)过氧化氢和铁(c)黄嘌呤氧化酶的耦合氧化,一个酶结合系统(d)NADPH依赖的微粒体电子传递,一个膜结合系统。由于其特殊的生物化学性质,t-丁醇可能是检测完整细胞和体内羟基自由基的有价值探针。
t-Butyl alcohol is not a substrate for alcohol dehydrogenase or for the peroxidative activity of catalase, therefore, it is used frequently as an example of a non-metabolizable alcohol. tert-Butyl alcohol is a scavenger of the hydroxyl radical and can be oxidized to formaldehyde and acetone from four different systems; (a) iron catalyzed oxidation of ascorbic acid (b) hydrogen peroxide and iron (c) coupled oxidation of xanthine oxidase, an enzymatic bound system (d) NADPH-dependent microsomal electron transfer, a membrane bound system. Because of its special biochemical properties, t-butyl alcohol may be a valuable probe for the detection of hydroxyl radicals in intact cells and in vivo.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
在体外,小鼠肝脏微粒体与异丁烷反应生成叔丁醇。
In vitro reactions with liver microsomes of mice produced tert-butanol from isobutane.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
暴露于50、100或300 ppm甲基叔丁基醚蒸气的雄性Wistar大鼠...显示出...血液中叔丁醇的浓度呈剂量依赖性,这表明醚在体内发生了代谢分解。
Male Wistar rats exposed to 50, 100, or 300 ppm methyl tertiary-butyl ether vapor ... showed ... blood concns of tert-butanol which were dose dependent indicating metabolic breakdown of the ether in vivo.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
叔丁醇已知的人类代谢物包括叔丁基硫酸氢盐和(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-三羟基-6-[(2-甲基丙烷-2-基)氧基]氧杂环己烷-2-羧酸。
Tert-butanol has known human metabolites that include Tert-butyl hydrogen sulfate and (2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid.
来源:NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
A4;不可归类为人类致癌物。
A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
该物质可以通过吸入其蒸汽和摄入进入人体。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
吸入,吞食,皮肤和/或眼睛接触
inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
毒理性
  • 症状
眼睛、皮肤、鼻子、喉咙刺激;嗜睡,麻醉
irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; drowsiness, narcosis
来源:The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
毒理性
  • 吸入症状
晕眩。嗜睡。恶心。头痛。呕吐。
Dizziness. Drowsiness. Nausea. Headache. Vomiting.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
吸收、分配和排泄
研究人员发现,大鼠体内的叔丁醇消散得很慢。将叔丁醇溶解在水中,并通过胃管给雌性Wistar大鼠(数量未指定)喂食25毫摩尔/千克的剂量。2小时后,叔丁醇的血浓度为13.24毫摩尔,5小时后为12.57毫摩尔,20小时后为11.35毫摩尔。
/Researchers/ found that t-butyl alcohol is eliminated slowly from the blood of rats. t-Butyl alcohol was dissolved in water and a dose of 25 mmol/kg was administered by gastric intubation to female Wistar rats (number unspecified). The t-butyl alcohol blood concentration at 2 hr was 13.24 mM, at 5 hr it was 12.57 mM, and at 20 hr it was 11.35 mM.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
这项研究的目的旨在全面表征叔丁醇在给予F-344大鼠37.5、75、150和300毫克/千克TBA静脉注射后,在雄性和雌性大鼠体内的药代动力学。观察到TBA经历了一个快速分布阶段,随后是一个较慢的消除阶段。TBA的稳态分布容积大约是总体水的4.5倍,清除率低于估计的肾小球滤过率。随着剂量的增加,TBA的消除似乎会饱和,表现为浓度-时间曲线下面积不成比例增加和清除率降低。
The purpose of this study was to fully characterize the pharmacokinetics of tertiary butyl alcohol in male and female F-344 rats following intravenous administration of 37.5, 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg TBA. TBA was observed to undergo a rapid distribution phase followed by a slower elimination phase. The steady-state volume of distribution for TBA was roughly 4.5 times greater than total body water, and the clearance was lower than the estimated glomerular filtration rate. The elimination of TBA appears to saturate at higher doses, as evidenced by a disproportional increase in area under the concentration-time curve and decreased rate of clearance.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
在动物中,叔丁醇通过肺和胃肠系统被吸收。
In animals, tert-butanol is absorbed through the lungs and gastrointestinal tract ... .
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
丁基醇从血液迅速转移到组织中。十一只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠被插管并静脉注射了350毫克/千克(14)C-丁基醇。在注射后的多个时间点,抽取血液样本并测量放射性。从血液中消除(14)C-丁基醇有两个阶段。第一个阶段是快速分布阶段,可能代表(14)C-丁基醇从血液分布到其他身体组织。第二个阶段代表放射性从血液中以一级消除,半衰期大约为8小时,表明(14)C-丁基醇主要是以代谢产物形式被消除。
t-Butyl alcohol moves rapidly from the blood into the tissues. Eleven male Sprague-Dawley rats were cannulated and intravenously given 350 mg/kg (14)C-t-butyl alcohol. At numerous times following injection, blood samples were withdrawn and the samples measured for radioactivity. There were two phases in the elimination of (14)C-t-butyl alcohol from the blood. The first was a rapid phase, which probably represented the distribution of (14)C-t-butyl alcohol from the blood to other body tissues. The second represented a first-order elimination of radioactivity from the blood with a half-life of approximately 8 hr, indicating that (14)C-t-butyl alcohol was being eliminated primarily as metabolic product(s).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 职业暴露等级:
    A
  • 职业暴露限值:
    TWA: 100 ppm (300 mg/m3), STEL: 150 ppm (450 mg/m3)
  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    3
  • 立即威胁生命和健康浓度:
    1,600 ppm
  • 危险品标志:
    F
  • 安全说明:
    S16,S36/37,S45,S7,S9
  • 危险类别码:
    R11,R20
  • WGK Germany:
    1
  • 海关编码:
    2905143000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 1120 3/PG 3
  • 危险类别:
    3
  • RTECS号:
    EO1925000
  • 包装等级:
    II
  • 危险标志:
    GHS02,GHS07
  • 危险性描述:
    H225,H319,H332,H335,H336
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P210,P261,P305 + P351 + P338,P370 + P378,P403 + P235
  • 储存条件:
    储存注意事项:应将物品存放在阴凉、通风良好的库房中,远离火源和热源,库温不宜超过37℃。确保容器密封,并与氧化剂、酸类等分开存放,切忌混储。使用防爆型照明和通风设施,并禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。储存区应配备泄漏应急处理设备和合适的收容材料。

SDS

SDS:79763c4e1f4412591ed3ec54a896cc7d
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第一部分:化学品名称

制备方法与用途

叔丁醇简介

叔丁醇是一种无色的结晶,是弱极性的小分子有机物。在少量水存在时会变成无色挥发性的液体,并散发出类似樟脑的气味。它广泛应用于汽油添加剂、溶剂及有机合成原料。

安全性

根据急性毒性实验,叔丁醇的大鼠经口半致死剂量为3046 mg/kg,属于低毒物质。对家兔的眼睛和皮肤具有轻微刺激作用,并且没有遗传或致癌的风险。

化学性质

纯品的叔丁醇是无色结晶体,在有少量水存在的条件下变为无色液体,并带有一定的吸湿性,易燃,与大多数有机溶剂如醇类、酯类、酮类和芳香族化合物等均可相溶。它还能与水形成共沸混合物。

用途

叔丁醇是多种农药的重要中间体,包括杀虫剂噻嗪酮、抑食肼、虫酰肼;杀螨剂哒螨灵;除草剂仲丁灵等。在农业领域主要用于拟除虫菊酯环合反应以及生产叔丁基化合物如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、叔丁基苯酚、叔丁胺,用于合成药物和香料。

生产方法
  1. 硫酸水合法:使用异丁烯与60-70%的硫酸进行酯化,然后在低温条件下水解生成叔丁醇。
  2. 离子交换树脂水合法:混合C4馏分与软水在阳离子交换树脂存在下水合生成叔丁醇。
  3. 丙烯、丁烷共氧化法直接水合法:使用高浓度杂多酸作为催化剂,将异丁烯选择性地水合成叔丁醇。
物理化学性质
  • 叔丁醇钠是由叔丁醇与金属钠反应制得。
  • 分类为易燃液体,毒性分级为中毒。
    • 急性毒性:大鼠经口LD50为3500毫克/公斤;小鼠静脉注射LD50为1538毫克/公斤。
    • 刺激数据:对兔子皮肤轻度刺激(500微升/24小时),对眼睛重度刺激(100微升/24小时)。
  • 爆炸与可燃性危险特性:遇明火、高温或氧化剂易燃,燃烧产生刺激烟雾;与钾钠合金接触自燃。
储运

库房需通风干燥,并且要远离氧化剂和酸类物质。灭火方法包括使用干粉、二氧化碳及泡沫。

  • 职业暴露标准:时间加权平均浓度TWA 300毫克/立方米,短期暴露限值STEL 375毫克/立方米。

请注意妥善处理并遵守安全规定以避免潜在的危险。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    叔丁醇 在 silica-alumina 作用下, 260.0 ℃ 、10.0 MPa 条件下, 生成 叔丁胺
    参考文献:
    名称:
    PROCESS FOR PREPARING A PRIMARY AMINE WITH A TERTIARY ALPHA CARBON ATOM BY REACTING A TERTIARY ALCOHOL WITH AMMONIA
    摘要:
    通过在异相催化剂存在下,将三级醇与氨在非微孔、非沸石状的氧化铝硅酸盐存在下反应,制备具有三级α-碳原子的一级胺的方法,其中氧化铝硅酸盐的摩尔Al/Si比在0.1至30的范围内。
    公开号:
    US20110009671A1
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Pressman; Lucas, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1940, vol. 62, p. 2078
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    氯霉素 在 sodium sulfate 、 叔丁醇 作用下, 生成 N-((1R,2R)-1-(4-氨基苯基)-1,3-二羟基丙烷-2-基)-2,2-二氯乙酰胺2,2-dichloro-N-((1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-(hydroxyamino)phenyl)propan-2-yl)acetamideN-[1-(4-aminophenyl)−1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]acetamide 、 2-chloro-N-[(1R,2R)-1,3-dihydroxy-1-(4-nitrosophenyl)propan-2-yl]acetamide 、 亚硝基氯霉素 、 N-[(1R,2R)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl]-2-chloroacetamide
    参考文献:
    名称:
    10.1002/cjoc.202400293
    摘要:
    Comprehensive SummaryElectrocatalysis technology can effectively promote the hydrodechlorination of chloramphenicol (CAP) to reduce the bio‐toxicity. However, there are still some challenges such as low degradation rate and poor stability. Here, we prepared porous N, O co‐doped carbon supported Pd nanoparticles composites (Pd NPs/NO‐C) for electrocatalytic degradation of CAP. The doping of N and O not only effectively enhanced the interaction between substrate and CAP, promoting the mass transfer process, but also enhanced the anchoring effect on Pd nanoparticles, avoiding the occurrence of aggregation. The prepared composites achieved removal efficiency of CAP over 99% within 1 h, and the rate constant was as high as 6.72 h–1, outperforming previous reported electrocatalysts. Additionally, Pd NPs/NO‐C composites showed a wide range of pH tolerance, excellent ion interference resistance and long‐term stability. Our work unravels the importance of mass transfer processes in solution to electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination and provides new research ideas for catalysts design.
    DOI:
    10.1002/cjoc.202400293
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文献信息

  • 5-Norbornene-2,3-dicarboximido Carbonochloridate. A New Stable Reagent for the Introduction of Amino-Protecting Groups
    作者:Peter Henklein、Hans-Ulrich Heyne、Wolf-Rainer Halatsch、Hartmut Niedrich
    DOI:10.1055/s-1987-27873
    日期:——
    The synthesis of activated carbonates, based on a new carbonochloridate derived from N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide, is reported. These activated carbonic esters are excellent reagents for the introduction of all currently used urethane protecting groups.
    报道了一种基于N-羟基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二羧亚胺衍生的新碳酰氯化物的活化碳酸盐的合成。这些活化碳酸酯是引入目前所有使用的氨基甲酸酯保护基团的优秀试剂。
  • Alkyl 1-Chloroalkyl Carbonates: Reagents for the Synthesis of Carbamates and Protection of Amino Groups
    作者:Gérard Barcelo、Jean-Pierre Senet、Gérard Sennyey、Jean Bensoam、Albert Loffet
    DOI:10.1055/s-1986-31724
    日期:——
    The synthesis of 1-chloroalkyl carbonates and their reaction with various type of amines are described. This reaction is useful for the synthesis of carbamate pesticides and for the protection of various amino groups, including amino acids.
    描述了1-氯代烷基碳酸酯的合成及其与各种类型胺的反应。这一反应对于合成氨基甲酸酯类农药和保护包括氨基酸在内的各种氨基团具有重要作用。
  • [EN] ACC INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS DE L'ACC ET UTILISATIONS ASSOCIÉES
    申请人:GILEAD APOLLO LLC
    公开号:WO2017075056A1
    公开(公告)日:2017-05-04
    The present invention provides compounds I and II useful as inhibitors of Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (ACC), compositions thereof, and methods of using the same.
    本发明提供了化合物I和II,这些化合物可用作乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)的抑制剂,以及它们的组合物和使用方法。
  • Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
    申请人:Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
    公开号:US20150231142A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-08-20
    The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.
    本发明涉及含有上皮钠通道活性抑制剂与至少一种ABC转运蛋白调节剂化合物(A式、B式、C式或D式)的药物组合物。该发明还涉及这些药物配方,以及使用这些组合物治疗CFTR介导的疾病,特别是囊性纤维化的方法。
  • [EN] THIOPHENE DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF DISORDERS CAUSED BY IGE<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE THIOPHÈNE POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE TROUBLES PROVOQUÉS PAR IGE
    申请人:UCB BIOPHARMA SRL
    公开号:WO2019243550A1
    公开(公告)日:2019-12-26
    Thiophene derivatives of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are provided. These compounds have utility for the treatment or prevention of disorders caused by IgE, such as allergy, type 1 hypersensitivity or familiar sinus inflammation.
    提供了公式(I)的噻吩衍生物及其药用可接受的盐。这些化合物对于治疗或预防由IgE引起的疾病具有用途,如过敏、1型超敏反应或家族性鼻窦炎。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
hnmr
mass
cnmr
ir
raman
  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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