胞苷即胞嘧啶核苷,是组成核酸的一种核糖核苷(含有嘧啶碱基胞嘧啶),并构成遗传密码的一个单位。胞苷在脱氧核糖核酸和胞核糖核酸中与相应的鸟嘌呤以非共价形式配对。
用途胞苷作为嘧啶核苷,主要用于生产抗肿瘤、抗病毒药物的中间体,是制造阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)、环胞苷(CycloC)、三磷酸胞苷(CTP)、胞二磷胆碱(CDP-Choline)等药物的主要原料。
制备一种胞嘧啶核苷的制备方法包括以下步骤:
硅烷化:将胞嘧啶和叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷经硅烷化反应得N-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-2-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)-4-嘧啶胺,将该物质在三氯甲烷中溶解得到N-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-2-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)-4-嘧啶胺的三氯甲烷溶液。
糖苷合成:将四乙酰核糖在三氯甲烷中溶解后加入四氯化钛溶液,在18℃~30℃环境下滴加N-(叔丁基二甲基硅基)-2-(叔丁基二甲基硅氧基)-4-嘧啶胺的三氯甲烷溶液,经糖苷反应得胞嘧啶乙酰核糖。
氨解:在18℃~30℃环境下向胞嘧啶乙酰核糖中加入氨的质量百分浓度为10%的氨的甲醇溶液(即甲醇氨溶液),经氨解反应得胞嘧啶核苷粗品。
精制:将胞嘧啶核苷粗品加入乙醇中,在搅拌下加热回流溶解后加水,冷却至0℃±2℃析晶至少5小时后分离出固体,干燥,得到胞嘧啶核苷。
具体合成路线如下:
白色结晶性粉末、熔点:210℃~217℃
用途 用途中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1-(beta-D-呋喃木糖基)胞嘧啶 | 1-(β-D-xylo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine | 3530-56-1 | C9H13N3O5 | 243.219 |
N4-甲基胞苷 | N4-methylcytidine | 10578-79-7 | C10H15N3O5 | 257.246 |
1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟基甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基]-4-(羟基氨基)嘧啶-2-酮 | molnupiravir | 3258-02-4 | C9H13N3O6 | 259.219 |
5'-胞苷酸 | cytidine monophosphate | 63-37-6 | C9H14N3O8P | 323.199 |
—— | 2'-O-(aminooxymethyl)cytidine | 1369323-51-2 | C10H16N4O6 | 288.26 |
N-乙酰胞嘧啶核苷 | N-acetylcytidine | 3768-18-1 | C11H15N3O6 | 285.257 |
5-碘胞苷 | 4-amino-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-iodopyrimidine-2(1H)-one | 1147-23-5 | C9H12IN3O5 | 369.116 |
5-溴胞苷 | 5-bromocytidine | 3066-86-2 | C9H12BrN3O5 | 322.115 |
—— | 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 4-(O-benzyloxime) | 800379-05-9 | C16H19N3O6 | 349.343 |
胞啶3'-单磷酸 | cytidine 3'-monophosphate | 84-52-6 | C9H14N3O8P | 323.199 |
5-(氯汞)胞苷 | 5-(Chloromercuri)cytidine | 65523-07-1 | C9H12ClHgN3O5 | 478.254 |
2'-脱氧胞嘧啶核苷 | 2'-Deoxycytidine | 951-77-9 | C9H13N3O4 | 227.22 |
尿嘧啶核苷 | uridine | 58-96-8 | C9H12N2O6 | 244.204 |
2',3'-O-异亚丙基胞苷 | 2',3'-Isopropyliden-cytidin | 362-42-5 | C12H17N3O5 | 283.284 |
—— | cytidylyl-(3'->5')-cytidine | 2536-99-4 | C18H25N6O12P | 548.403 |
胞苷-2'-磷酸 | cytidine-2'-monophosphate | 85-94-9 | C9H14N3O8P | 323.199 |
—— | 5'-O-Trityl-cytidin | 22596-01-6 | C28H27N3O5 | 485.539 |
胞苷-5’-三磷酸 | cytidine triphosphate | 65-47-4 | C9H16N3O14P3 | 483.159 |
—— | 2'-O-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-cytidin | 80015-55-0 | C17H21N3O6 | 363.37 |
—— | 2'-O-(pyren-1-ylmethanimine-N-oxymethyl)cytidine | 1369323-53-4 | C27H24N4O6 | 500.511 |
5’-O-[双(4-甲氧基苯基)苯甲基]胞苷 | 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-cytidine | 112897-99-1 | C30H31N3O7 | 545.592 |
N4-苯甲酰-2'-甲氧基胞苷 | 2'-O-methyl-N4-benzoylcytidine | 52571-45-6 | C17H19N3O6 | 361.354 |
—— | UpC | 3013-97-6 | C18H24N5O13P | 549.388 |
胞磷托定 | cytidine 2',3'-cyclic monophosphate | 633-90-9 | C9H12N3O7P | 305.184 |
4-N-2',3',5'-O-四乙酰胞苷 | 4-N-2',3',5'-O-tetraacetylcytidine | 5040-18-6 | C17H21N3O9 | 411.368 |
—— | 5'-(UCC)-3' | 3275-70-5 | C27H36N8O20P2 | 854.572 |
—— | 1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-3-yloxy)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one | 111426-25-6 | C14H15N3O6 | 321.29 |
—— | 1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-4-(pyridin-2-ylsulfanyl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one | 111426-26-7 | C14H15N3O5S | 337.356 |
2-硫代胞苷 | 2-thiocytidine | 13239-97-9 | C9H13N3O4S | 259.286 |
—— | α-2-thioribocytidine | —— | C9H13N3O4S | 259.286 |
—— | 2'-O-[1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-ethoxypiperidin-4-yl]cytidine | 263009-02-5 | C22H29ClN4O6 | 480.948 |
2',3',5'-三乙酰尿苷 | Tri-O-acetyluridine | 4105-38-8 | C15H18N2O9 | 370.316 |
—— | 1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-4-(6-methyl-pyridin-3-yloxy)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one | 108782-91-8 | C15H17N3O6 | 335.316 |
—— | 1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-4-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yloxy)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one | 111426-24-5 | C15H17N3O6 | 335.316 |
—— | 1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-4-(2-oxo-2H-pyridin-1-yl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one | 111426-23-4 | C14H15N3O6 | 321.29 |
—— | 4-N-(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)cytidine | 87424-16-6 | C24H23N3O7 | 465.463 |
—— | N4-benzoyl-1-(2’,3’,5’-tri-O-benzoyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-cytosine | 23624-64-8 | C37H29N3O9 | 659.652 |
2,3,5-三苯甲酰尿苷 | tribenzoyl uridine | 1748-04-5 | C30H24N2O9 | 556.529 |
—— | 2',3',5'-Tri-O-benzoyl-4-thio-uridin | 15049-50-0 | C30H24N2O8S | 572.595 |
3',5'-O-(1,1,3,3-四异丙基-1,3-二硅氧烷)尿苷 | 3',5'-(1,1,3,3-tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl)uridine | 69304-38-7 | C21H38N2O7Si2 | 486.713 |
—— | adenylyl 3'-5' cytidine | 4833-63-0 | C19H25N8O11P | 572.428 |
—— | C2'p5'A | 22886-36-8 | C19H25N8O11P | 572.428 |
—— | 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorouridine | —— | C9H11FN2O5 | 246.195 |
2'-氟-2'-脱氧尿苷 | 2'-deoxy-2'-fluorouridine | 784-71-4 | C9H11FN2O5 | 246.195 |
—— | 2-methoxy-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-pyrimidine-4-one | 53337-88-5 | C10H14N2O6 | 258.231 |
肌苷 | inosine | 58-63-9 | C10H12N4O5 | 268.229 |
2’,3’,5’-三乙酰肌苷 | 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetylinosine | 3181-38-2 | C16H18N4O8 | 394.341 |
2',3',5'-三乙酰鸟苷 | 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-guanosine | 6979-94-8 | C16H19N5O8 | 409.356 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
阿糖胞苷 | arabinosyl cytosine | 147-94-4 | C9H13N3O5 | 243.219 |
阿糖胞苷杂质19 | 1-α-D-ribofuranosylcytosine | 13913-16-1 | C9H13N3O5 | 243.219 |
3'-O-甲基胞苷 | 3'-O-Methylcytidine | 20594-00-7 | C10H15N3O5 | 257.246 |
N4-甲基胞苷 | N4-methylcytidine | 10578-79-7 | C10H15N3O5 | 257.246 |
1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟基甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基]-4-(羟基氨基)嘧啶-2-酮 | molnupiravir | 3258-02-4 | C9H13N3O6 | 259.219 |
N4-氨基胞苷 | N4-aminocytidine | 57294-74-3 | C9H14N4O5 | 258.234 |
2'-甲氧基胞苷 | 2'-O-methylcytidine | 2140-72-9 | C10H15N3O5 | 257.246 |
—— | N4-ethyl-cytidine | 22342-50-3 | C11H17N3O5 | 271.273 |
—— | N4,N4,2'-O-trimethyl-cytidine | 13007-43-7 | C11H17N3O5 | 271.273 |
N(4)-甲氧基胞苷 | N4-methoxycytidine | 6082-19-5 | C10H15N3O6 | 273.246 |
N(4)-甲氧基胞苷 | 1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-4-(methoxyamino)pyrimidin-2-one | 6082-19-5 | C10H15N3O6 | 273.24 |
—— | 3’-O-propargyl-cytidine | 1451256-00-0 | C12H15N3O5 | 281.268 |
—— | N4-ethoxycytidine | 1228271-25-7 | C11H17N3O6 | 287.272 |
—— | N4-(2-aminoethyl)cytidine | 73611-47-9 | C11H18N4O5 | 286.288 |
—— | 5'-O-butyrylcytidine | —— | C13H19N3O6 | 313.31 |
—— | 2'-O-propylcytidine | 160527-14-0 | C12H19N3O5 | 285.3 |
1-(3-脱氧呋喃戊糖基)胞嘧啶 | 1-(3-deoxy-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine | 58526-07-1 | C9H13N3O4 | 227.22 |
3-脱氧胞苷 | 3'-deoxycytidine | 7057-33-2 | C9H13N3O4 | 227.22 |
—— | 2'-O-pentylcytidine | 160527-12-8 | C14H23N3O5 | 313.354 |
—— | N4-dimethylamino-methylenecytidine | 17331-14-5 | C12H18N4O5 | 298.299 |
—— | 5'-O-isobutyrylcytidine | —— | C13H19N3O6 | 313.31 |
—— | 2'-O-nonylcytidine | 160527-10-6 | C18H31N3O5 | 369.461 |
—— | N4-tert-butyloxycytidine | 1228271-27-9 | C13H21N3O6 | 315.326 |
—— | 4-amino-1-[(2-O-propargyl)-β-D-ribofuranosyl]-2H-pyrimidin-2-one | 206552-85-4 | C12H15N3O5 | 281.268 |
胞苷 5’-单磷酸 | cytosine arabinoside-5'-monophosphate | 7075-11-8 | C9H14N3O8P | 323.199 |
5'-胞苷酸 | cytidine monophosphate | 63-37-6 | C9H14N3O8P | 323.199 |
—— | [(2S,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate | —— | C9H14N3O8P | 323.2 |
N-乙酰胞嘧啶核苷 | N-acetylcytidine | 3768-18-1 | C11H15N3O6 | 285.257 |
—— | 5-hydroxycytidine | 39638-73-8 | C9H13N3O6 | 259.219 |
—— | 5'-chloro-5'-deoxycytidine | 31652-78-5 | C9H12ClN3O4 | 261.665 |
—— | 1-(2,3-anhydro-β-D-lyxofuranosyl)cytosine | 34989-27-0 | C9H11N3O4 | 225.204 |
—— | 5-amino-cytidine | —— | C9H14N4O5 | 258.234 |
5-氟胞嘧啶核苷 | 5-fluorocytidine | 2341-22-2 | C9H12FN3O5 | 261.21 |
5-碘胞苷 | 4-amino-1-((2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl) tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-iodopyrimidine-2(1H)-one | 1147-23-5 | C9H12IN3O5 | 369.116 |
5-氯胞苷 | 5-chloro-cytidine | 25130-29-4 | C9H12ClN3O5 | 277.664 |
5-甲基胞苷 | 5-methylcytidine | 2140-61-6 | C10H15N3O5 | 257.246 |
5-溴胞苷 | 5-bromocytidine | 3066-86-2 | C9H12BrN3O5 | 322.115 |
—— | 5'-EtpC | 7084-69-7 | C11H18N3O8P | 351.253 |
—— | 5'-O-TBDMS-cytidine | 72409-16-6 | C15H27N3O5Si | 357.482 |
—— | 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-(n-octyl phosphate) | 77345-58-5 | C17H30N3O8P | 435.414 |
—— | 1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione 4-(O-benzyloxime) | 800379-05-9 | C16H19N3O6 | 349.343 |
—— | 5'-deoxy-5'-N-hydroxylaminocytidine | —— | C9H14N4O5 | 258.234 |
—— | 4-N-methoxycarbonylcytidine | 786690-84-4 | C11H15N3O7 | 301.256 |
—— | N4-(2-phenylethoxy)-cytidine | 1309871-37-1 | C17H21N3O6 | 363.37 |
—— | 5'-azido-5'-deoxycytidine | —— | C9H12N6O4 | 268.232 |
—— | 1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-4-iminopyrimidin-2-one | 3310-47-2 | C9H13N3O6 | 259.219 |
—— | N-lauroyl cytidine | —— | C21H35N3O6 | 425.525 |
—— | 4-(N)-palmitoyl cytidine | 60107-19-9 | C25H43N3O6 | 481.633 |
—— | N-myristoyl cytidine | —— | C23H39N3O6 | 453.579 |
1-beta-D-阿拉伯呋喃糖基-4-硬脂酰氨基嘧啶-2(1H)-酮 | N4-stearoyl-1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine | 55726-44-8 | C27H47N3O6 | 509.687 |
—— | N4-(3-phenylpropoxy)-cytidine | 1309871-38-2 | C18H23N3O6 | 377.397 |
—— | 4-amino-1-(O3-octadec-9-enoyl-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-1H-pyrimidin-2-one | 58641-55-7 | C27H45N3O6 | 507.671 |
—— | N4-[(allyloxy)carbonyl]cytidine | 115516-59-1 | C13H17N3O7 | 327.294 |
—— | N(4)-levulinyl-cytidine | 83488-64-6 | C14H19N3O7 | 341.321 |
—— | 3'-O-mesylcytidine | 6614-60-4 | C10H15N3O7S | 321.311 |
—— | N4-[(2-cyanoethoxy)carbonyl]cytidine | 328238-48-8 | C13H16N4O7 | 340.293 |
5-(羟甲基)胞苷 | 5-hydroxymethylcytidine | 19235-17-7 | C10H15N3O6 | 273.246 |
—— | 5-ethynyl-cytidine | 65223-78-1 | C11H13N3O5 | 267.241 |
4-氨基-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-二羟基-5-(羟基甲基)四氢呋喃-2-基]-2-氧代嘧啶-5-甲醛 | 5-formylcytidine | 148608-53-1 | C10H13N3O6 | 271.23 |
胞苷-5’-二磷酸 | cytidine diphosphate | 63-38-7 | C9H15N3O11P2 | 403.179 |
2'-脱氧胞嘧啶核苷 | 2'-Deoxycytidine | 951-77-9 | C9H13N3O4 | 227.22 |
—— | 5'-O-Benzoylcytidin | 62374-29-2 | C16H17N3O6 | 347.327 |
尿嘧啶核苷 | uridine | 58-96-8 | C9H12N2O6 | 244.204 |
—— | S-cytid-5'-yl-L-homocysteine | —— | C13H20N4O6S | 360.391 |
—— | 1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 3',5'-diphosphate | 34349-17-2 | C9H15N3O11P2 | 403.179 |
—— | N4-isobutyryl-2'-O-methylcytidine | 153809-38-2 | C14H21N3O6 | 327.337 |
—— | 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)cytidine | 137248-64-7 | C11H17N3O6 | 287.272 |
乙炔基胞苷 | 3'-ethynylcytidine | 180300-43-0 | C11H13N3O5 | 267.241 |
—— | 5-(3-propenyl)cytidine | 66270-30-2 | C12H17N3O5 | 283.284 |
2',3'-O-异亚丙基胞苷 | 2',3'-Isopropyliden-cytidin | 362-42-5 | C12H17N3O5 | 283.284 |
—— | 4-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-(2-ethoxyethylselanyl)pyrimidin-2-one | 1233477-15-0 | C13H21N3O6Se | 394.286 |
—— | 4-amino-1-[O5-(hydroxy-phenoxy-phosphoryl)-β-D-arabinofuranosyl]-1H-pyrimidin-2-one | 17489-61-1 | C15H18N3O8P | 399.297 |
—— | [(2S)-3-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hexadecanoyloxypropyl] hexadecanoate | 85145-70-6 | C44H80N3O12P | 874.106 |
[(2R)-3-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-氨基-2-氧代嘧啶-1-基)-3,4-二羟基四氢呋喃-2-基]甲氧基-羟基磷酰]氧基-2-棕榈酰氧基丙基]十六烷酸酯 | [(2R)-3-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxyphosphoryl]oxy-2-hexadecanoyloxypropyl] hexadecanoate | 109430-98-0 | C44H80N3O12P | 874.106 |
—— | N4-phenoxyacetylcytidine | —— | C17H19N3O7 | 377.354 |
—— | 5-(trifluoromethyl)cytidine | 76514-02-8 | C10H12F3N3O5 | 311.218 |
—— | 2',3',5'-tri-O-propionylcytidine | 123396-13-4 | C18H25N3O8 | 411.412 |
—— | 5'-O-Trityl-cytidin | 22596-01-6 | C28H27N3O5 | 485.539 |
胞苷-5’-三磷酸 | cytidine triphosphate | 65-47-4 | C9H16N3O14P3 | 483.159 |
—— | cytidine 4-N- |
154971-72-9 | C13H22N3O8P | 379.307 |
—— | 5-azidopentynyl cytidine | —— | C14H18N6O5 | 350.334 |
苯甲酰胞苷 | N4-benzoylcytidine | 13089-48-0 | C16H17N3O6 | 347.327 |
—— | 4-amino-1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-phenylselanylpyrimidin-2-one | 101760-64-9 | C15H17N3O5Se | 398.277 |
—— | 2'-O-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-cytidin | 80015-55-0 | C17H21N3O6 | 363.37 |
—— | 2',3',5'-tri-O-tetraisobutyrylcytidine | 863592-02-3 | C21H31N3O8 | 453.492 |
—— | 5'-O-tosylcytidine | 50615-57-1 | C16H19N3O7S | 397.409 |
—— | N4-methoxy-CDP | 29578-09-4 | C10H17N3O12P2 | 433.205 |
—— | (E)-5-<2-(Methoxycarbonyl)ethenyl>cytidine | 81244-97-5 | C13H17N3O7 | 327.294 |
—— | alpha-thio-CTP | —— | C9H16N3O13P3S | 499.226 |
—— | 5-carboxycytidine | 64623-37-6 | C10H13N3O7 | 287.229 |
—— | 2'-O-(Coronen-1-yl-methyl)cytidine | —— | C34H25N3O5 | 555.6 |
—— | uridine 5'-monophosphomorpholidate | 76742-17-1 | C13H21N4O8P | 392.306 |
—— | O5'-(4-methoxy-trityl)-cytidine | 64481-90-9 | C29H29N3O6 | 515.566 |
5’-O-[双(4-甲氧基苯基)苯甲基]胞苷 | 5'-O-(4,4'-dimethoxytrityl)-cytidine | 112897-99-1 | C30H31N3O7 | 545.592 |
—— | 4-amino-1-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[[(4-methoxyphenyl)-diphenylmethoxy]methyl]oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one | 87418-74-4 | C29H29N3O6 | 515.566 |
3-甲基尿苷 | 3-methyluridine | 2140-69-4 | C10H14N2O6 | 258.231 |
—— | 2',3'-O-bis-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)cytidine | 72409-47-3 | C21H41N3O5Si2 | 471.745 |
—— | N4-<2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl>cytidine | 88121-72-6 | C18H20N4O9 | 436.378 |
—— | 5'-O-(N-L-isoleucyl)sulfamoylcytidine | 1608115-50-9 | C15H25N5O8S | 435.458 |