具有抑制或杀灭体内肿瘤细胞作用的药物,在肿瘤综合治疗中占据重要地位,尤其在无法通过手术治疗的白血病和播散型肿瘤治疗方面更为关键。
目前广泛应用的抗肿瘤药物大多通过抑制DNA或RNA合成,甚至破坏DNA结构来发挥作用。根据其对不同周期肿瘤细胞的影响,主要分为细胞周期特异性药物和非特异性药物两大类。尽管两类药物的作用机制有所不同,但它们都会对骨髓造血干细胞及其他生长周期较短的细胞产生不同程度的杀伤作用,并可抑制机体免疫反应。
抗肿瘤药物种类繁多,主要包括以下几大类:烷化剂类,如环磷酰胺、甘磷酰芥、塞替派等;抗代谢药,如甲氨蝶呤、巯嘌呤、氟尿嘧啶、羟基脲等;抗生素类,如更生霉素、丝裂霉素C、博莱霉素等;激素类,如泼尼松、丙酸睾丸素、乙烯雌酚等;某些植物药,如长春碱、喜树碱、秋水仙碱等;以及其他类药物,如丙卡巴肼、丙亚胺、乙双吗啉等。由于抗肿瘤药物种类繁多且作用机制各异,在临床应用时需要精心选择。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
米托肼 | podophyllinic acid ethylhydrazide | 1508-45-8 | C24H30N2O8 |
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米托坦 | 1,1-dichloro-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane | 53-19-0 | C14H10Cl4 |
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秋水仙碱 | colchicine | 64-86-8 | C22H25NO6 |
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福莫司汀 | fotemustine | 92118-27-9 | C9H19ClN3O5P |
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磷酸氟达拉滨 | fludarabine phosphate | 75607-67-9 | C10H13FN5O7P |
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磷酸依托泊甙 | etoposide phosphate | 117091-64-2 | C29H33O16P |
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硼替佐米 | velcade | 179324-69-7 | C19H25BN4O4 |
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硫酸长春碱 | vinblastine sulfate salt | 143-67-9 | C46H58N4O9.H2O4S |
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硫酸长春新碱 | vincristine sulfate | 2068-78-2 | C46H56N4O10*H2O4S |
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硫酸长春地辛 | vindesine | 53643-48-4 | C43H55N5O7 |
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硫酸长春地辛 | methyl (3S,5S,7S,9S)-9-((3aR,3a1R,4R,5S,5aR,10bR)-5-carbamoyl-3a-ethyl-4,5-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-6-methyl-3a,3a1,4,5,5a,6,11,12-octahydro-1H-indolizino[8,1-cd]carbazol-9-yl)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-1,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydro-2H-3,7-methano[1]azacycloundecino[5,4-b]indole-9-carboxylate sulfate | 59917-39-4 | C43H55N5O7*H2O4S |
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硫酸博莱霉素 | Bleomycin hydrochloride | 9041-93-4 | C55H84N17O21S3+ |
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石蒜碱内铵盐 | Ungeremine | 2121-12-2 | C16H12NO3+ |
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盐酸阿糖胞苷 | cytarabine hydrochloride | 69-74-9 | C9H13N3O5*ClH |
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盐酸阿柔比星 | hydron;methyl (1R,2R,4S)-4-[(2R,4S,5S,6S)-4-(dimethylamino)-5-[(2S,4S,5S,6S)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2R,6S)-6-methyl-5-oxooxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-2-ethyl-2,5,7-trihydroxy-6,11-dioxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-tetracene-1-carboxylate;chloride | 75443-99-1 | C42H54ClNO15 |
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盐酸表柔比星 | epirubicin Hydrochloride | 56390-09-1 | C27H29NO11*ClH |
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盐酸苯达莫司汀杂质C | bendamustine isopropyl ester | 1313020-25-5 | C19H27Cl2N3O2 |
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盐酸苯达莫司汀杂质A | 4-(6-((2-chloroethyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-3-methylbenzimidazolyl(2))butyric acid hydrochloride | 109882-26-0 | C16H22ClN3O3*ClH |
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盐酸苯达莫司汀 | bendamustine hydrochloride | 3543-75-7 | C16H21Cl2N3O2*ClH |
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盐酸环胞苷 | ancitabine hydrochloride | 10212-25-6 | C9H11N3O4*ClH |
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盐酸拓扑替康 | Topotecan hydrochloride | 119413-54-6 | C23H23N3O5*ClH |
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盐酸平阳霉素 | Bleomycin A5 Hydrochloride(1:x) | 55658-47-4 | C57H90ClN19O21S2 |
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盐酸尼莫司汀 | nimustine Hydrochloride | 55661-38-6 | C9H13ClN6O2*ClH |
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盐酸多柔比星 | doxorubicin hydrochloride | 25316-40-9 | C27H30NO11*Cl |
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盐酸埃罗替尼 | erlotinib hydrochloride | 183319-69-9 | C22H23N3O4*(x)ClH |
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盐酸埃克替尼; 凯美纳 | Icotinib hydrochloride | 1204313-51-8 | C22H21N3O4*ClH |
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盐酸吉西他滨 | gemcitabine hydrochloride | 122111-03-9 | C9H11F2N3O4*ClH |
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盐酸依达比星 | idarubicin hydrochloride | 57852-57-0 | C26H27NO9*ClH |
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白藜芦醇 | (E)-5-[2-4-(hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]-1,3-benzenediol | 501-36-0 | C14H12O3 |
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白消安 | busulfan | 55-98-1 | C6H14O6S2 |
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甲磺酸艾日布林 | eribulin mesylate | 441045-17-6 | CH4O3S*C40H59NO11 |
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甲氨蝶呤 | Methotrexate | 59-05-2 | C20H22N8O5 |
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甲异靛 | Meisoindigo | 97207-47-1 | C17H12N2O2 |
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甲基苄肼 | Procarbazine | 671-16-9 | C12H19N3O |
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甘露醇氮芥 | 1,6-bis-(2-chloro-ethylamino)-1,6-dideoxy-D-mannitol | 576-68-1 | C10H22Cl2N2O4 |
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瓦他拉尼碱 | vatalanib | 212141-54-3 | C20H15ClN4 |
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瑞格非尼 | 4-[4({[4-chloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}amino)-3-fluorophenoxy]-N-methylpyridine-2-carboxamide monohydrate | 1019206-88-2 | C21H15ClF4N4O3*H2O |
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瑞格菲尼 | regorafenib | 755037-03-7 | C21H15ClF4N4O3 |
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牛磺莫司汀 | Tauromustine | 85977-49-7 | C7H15ClN4O4S |
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溴替尼持 | brotianide | 23233-88-7 | C15H10Br2ClNO2S |
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派来霉素 | peplomycin | 68247-85-8 | C61H88N18O21S2 |
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洛莫司汀 | 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea | 13010-47-4 | C9H16ClN3O2 |
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泼尼莫司汀 | Prednimustine | 29069-24-7 | C35H45Cl2NO6 |
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波呋莫司汀 | (chloro-2-ethyl)-3-nitrosocarbamyl-3-1', O-isopropylidene-2',3', O-p-nitrobenzoyl-5', α,β-D-ribofurannose | 55102-44-8 | C18H21ClN4O9 |
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法倔唑 | fadrozole | 102676-47-1 | C14H13N3 |
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沃利替尼 | savolitinib | 1313725-88-0 | C17H15N9 |
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氯尼达明 | lonidamine | 50264-69-2 | C15H10Cl2N2O2 |
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氨鲁米特 | aminoglutethimide | 125-84-8 | C13H16N2O2 |
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氨莫司汀 | Ambamustine | 85754-59-2 | C29H39Cl2FN4O4S |
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氨基蝶呤 | aminopterin | 54-62-6 | C19H20N8O5 |
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