抗肿瘤药
具有抑制或杀灭体内肿瘤细胞作用的药物，在肿瘤综合治疗中占据重要地位，尤其在无法通过手术治疗的白血病和播散型肿瘤治疗方面更为关键。
目前广泛应用的抗肿瘤药物大多通过抑制DNA或RNA合成，甚至破坏DNA结构来发挥作用。根据其对不同周期肿瘤细胞的影响，主要分为细胞周期特异性药物和非特异性药物两大类。尽管两类药物的作用机制有所不同，但它们都会对骨髓造血干细胞及其他生长周期较短的细胞产生不同程度的杀伤作用，并可抑制机体免疫反应。
抗肿瘤药物种类繁多，主要包括以下几大类：烷化剂类，如环磷酰胺、甘磷酰芥、塞替派等；抗代谢药，如甲氨蝶呤、巯嘌呤、氟尿嘧啶、羟基脲等；抗生素类，如更生霉素、丝裂霉素C、博莱霉素等；激素类，如泼尼松、丙酸睾丸素、乙烯雌酚等；某些植物药，如长春碱、喜树碱、秋水仙碱等；以及其他类药物，如丙卡巴肼、丙亚胺、乙双吗啉等。由于抗肿瘤药物种类繁多且作用机制各异，在临床应用时需要精心选择。
相关化合物
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 1-[(3S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-methyloxolan-2-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4-dione | 3094-09-5 | C9H11FN2O5 |
|
| —— | methyl (1R,10S,11R,12R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15R,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate;sulfuric acid | 2068-78-2 | C46H58N4O14S |
|
| —— | methyl (10S,11R,12R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15S,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate | 57-22-7 | C46H56N4O10 |
|
| —— | (9R)-7-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-4-amino-6-methyl-5-[(2R)-oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione | 72496-41-4 | C32H37NO12 |
|
| —— | Aclacin | 57576-44-0 | C42H53NO15 |
|
| —— | 3-[[2-[2-[2-[[(2R,3R)-2-[[(2R,3R,4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[6-amino-2-[(1S)-3-amino-1-[[(2R)-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-carbamoyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carbonyl]amino]propyl-dimethylsulfanium | 9041-93-4 | C55H84N17O21S3+ |
|
| —— | 3-[[2-[2-[2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S,3S,4R)-4-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[6-amino-2-[(1S)-3-amino-1-[[(2S)-2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl]amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4-carbamoyloxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-2-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1,3-thiazole-4-carbonyl]amino]propyl-dimethylsulfanium;sulfuric acid | 9041-93-4 | C55H86N17O25S4+ |
|
| —— | methyl (1R,10S,12R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate;sulfuric acid | 143-67-9 | C46H58N4O9.H2O4S |
|
| —— | Lapatinib Ditosylate | 388082-78-8 | C43H44ClFN4O11S3 |
|
| —— | Vinorelbine Tartrate | 125317-39-7 | C53H66N4O20 |
|
| —— | Monocrotaline | 315-22-0 | C16H23NO6 |
|
| —— | Methyl (1R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate;sulfuric acid | 2068-78-2 | C46H58N4O14S |
|
| —— | 1-[(2S,3S,4R,5S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran-2-YL]-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione | 3094-09-5 | C9H11FN2O5 |
|
| —— | 3-{1-[2-(Aminomethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-YL]prop-1-EN-2-YL}-7,11-dihydroxy-8,8,10,12,16-pentamethyl-4,17-dioxabicyclo[14.1.0]heptadecane-5,9-dione | 280578-49-6 | C27H42N2O6S |
|
| —— | methyl (9R,10S,11R,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15R,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methyl-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate;sulfuric acid | 143-67-9 | C46H58N4O9.H2O4S |
|
| —— | 2-amino-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-1-N-[(3R,6S,7R,10S,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]-9-N-[(3R,6S,7R,16S)-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide | 50-76-0 | C62H86N12O16 |
|
| —— | Vinorelbine ditartrate | 125317-39-7 | C53H66N4O20 |
|
| —— | (7R,9R)-9-acetyl-7-[(2S,4R,5R,6R)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione;hydrochloride | 23541-50-6 | C27H30ClNO10 |
|
| —— | (4S,7R,8S,9S,13Z,16S)-4,8-Dihydroxy-5,5,7,9,13-pentamethyl-16-[(1E)-1-methyl-2-(2-methyl-4-thiazolyl)ethenyl]oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione | 189453-10-9 | C27H41NO5S |
|
| —— | 52205-73-9 | C23H32Cl2NNaO6P |
|
|
| —— | Combretastatin A4 disodium phosphate | 168555-66-6 | C18H21NaO8P |
|
| —— | N-[(Z)-[10-[(Z)-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylhydrazinylidene)methyl]anthracen-9-yl]methylideneamino]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine | 78186-34-2 | C22H22N8 |
|
| —— | Diazomycin B | 7644-67-9 | C17H23N7O8 |
|
| —— | (4S,7R,8S,9S,16S)-4,8-dihydroxy-5,5,7,9,13-pentamethyl-16-[1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-1-oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione | 189453-10-9 | C27H41NO5S |
|
| —— | [2-[2-[2-[[6-amino-2-[3-amino-1-[(2,3-diamino-3-oxopropyl)amino]-3-oxopropyl]-5-methylpyrimidine-4-carbonyl]amino]-3-[[5-[[1-[2-[4-[4-(3-dimethylsulfoniopropylcarbamoyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]ethylamino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)-3-oxopropoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxymethanimidate;sulfuric acid | 9041-93-4 | C55H85N17O25S4 |
|
| —— | Furo[3',4':6,7]naphtho[2,3-d]-1,3-dioxol-6(5aH)-one, 9-[[4,6-O-(1R)-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-5,8,8a,9-tetrahydro-5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-, (5R,5aR,8aR,9S)- | 33419-42-0 | C29H32O13 |
|
| —— | (1S,9R,11S,14S,15S)-15-methyl-9-[9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentanesulfinyl)nonyl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadeca-2(7),3,5-triene-5,14-diol | 129453-61-8 | C32H47F5O3S |
|
| —— | methyl (9R,10S,11S,12R,19R)-11-acetyloxy-12-ethyl-4-[(13S,15R,17S)-17-ethyl-17-hydroxy-13-methoxycarbonyl-1,11-diazatetracyclo[13.3.1.04,12.05,10]nonadeca-4(12),5,7,9-tetraen-13-yl]-8-formyl-10-hydroxy-5-methoxy-8,16-diazapentacyclo[10.6.1.01,9.02,7.016,19]nonadeca-2,4,6,13-tetraene-10-carboxylate | 57-22-7 | C46H56N4O10 |
|
| —— | Nintedanib | 928326-83-4 | C31H33N5O4 |
|
| —— | [(1S,2S,3R,4S,7R,9S,10S,12R,15S)-4-acetyloxy-1,9,12-trihydroxy-15-[2-hydroxy-3-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]oxy-10,14,17,17-tetramethyl-11-oxo-6-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.03,10.04,7]heptadec-13-en-2-yl] benzoate | 114915-20-7 | C43H53NO14 |
|
| —— | Aclacinomycin A (Aclarubicin) | 57576-44-0 | C42H53NO15 |
|
| —— | Aureolic acid | 18378-89-7 | C52H76O24 |
|
| —— | (Z)-2-(4-(1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenoxy)-N,N-dimethylethylamine citrate | 76487-65-5 | C6H8O7*C26H29NO |
|
| —— | tenylidone | 893-01-6 | C16H14OS2 |
|
| —— | octenidine dihydrochloride | 70775-75-6 | C36H62N4*2ClH |
|
| —— | bleomycin A<sub>5</sub> | 11116-32-8 | C57H89N19O21S2 |
|
| —— | bleomycin sulfate | 9041-93-4 | C55H84N17O21S3*HO4S |
|
| —— | (-)-β-elemene | 515-13-9 | C15H24 |
|
| —— | β-elemene | 515-13-9 | C15H24 |
|
| —— | cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato) platinum(II) | 41575-94-4 | C6H12N2O4Pt |
|
| —— | teniposide | 29767-20-2 | C32H32O13S |
|
| —— | Vincristin-sulfat | 2068-78-2 | C46H56N4O10*H2O4S |
|
| —— | Methylisoindigotin | 97207-47-1 | C17H12N2O2 |
|
| —— | N-methyl isoindigo | 97207-47-1 | C17H12N2O2 |
|
| —— | (<i>R</i>)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentyl)-succinic acid 1-((3a<i>R</i>)-2-methoxy-(3a<i>r</i><i>C</i><sup>4</sup>,14b<i>c</i>)-1,5,6,8,9,14b-hexahydro-4<i>H</i>-cyclopenta[<i>b</i>][1,3]dioxolo[4',5':4,5]benzo[1,2-<i>d</i>]pyrrolo[1,2-<i>a</i>]azepin-1<i>t</i>-yl) ester 4-methyl ester | 26833-87-4 | C29H39NO9 |
|
| —— | 10-acetyldocetaxel | 125354-16-7 | C45H55NO15 |
|
| —— | adriamycin | 23214-92-8 | C27H29NO11 |
|
| —— | (7S,9S)-7-[(2S,6S)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione | 23214-92-8 | C27H29NO11 |
|
| —— | Pikropodophyllin | 477-47-4 | C22H22O8 |
|
| —— | (+/-)-isopodophyllotoxin | 477-47-4 | C22H22O8 |
|
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