具有抑制或杀灭体内肿瘤细胞作用的药物,在肿瘤综合治疗中占据重要地位,尤其在无法通过手术治疗的白血病和播散型肿瘤治疗方面更为关键。
目前广泛应用的抗肿瘤药物大多通过抑制DNA或RNA合成,甚至破坏DNA结构来发挥作用。根据其对不同周期肿瘤细胞的影响,主要分为细胞周期特异性药物和非特异性药物两大类。尽管两类药物的作用机制有所不同,但它们都会对骨髓造血干细胞及其他生长周期较短的细胞产生不同程度的杀伤作用,并可抑制机体免疫反应。
抗肿瘤药物种类繁多,主要包括以下几大类:烷化剂类,如环磷酰胺、甘磷酰芥、塞替派等;抗代谢药,如甲氨蝶呤、巯嘌呤、氟尿嘧啶、羟基脲等;抗生素类,如更生霉素、丝裂霉素C、博莱霉素等;激素类,如泼尼松、丙酸睾丸素、乙烯雌酚等;某些植物药,如长春碱、喜树碱、秋水仙碱等;以及其他类药物,如丙卡巴肼、丙亚胺、乙双吗啉等。由于抗肿瘤药物种类繁多且作用机制各异,在临床应用时需要精心选择。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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—— | cisplatin | 15663-27-1 | Cl2H4N2Pt |
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—— | cantharidin | 56-25-7 | C10H12O4 |
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—— | (+/-)-epi-picropodophyllin | 477-47-4 | C22H22O8 |
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—— | vinblastine sulfate | 865-21-4 | C46H58N4O9*H2O4S |
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—— | Vinblastin-sulfat | 143-67-9 | C46H58N4O9*H2O4S |
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—— | anhydrovinblastine | 38390-45-3 | C46H56N4O8 |
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—— | (3aR,3a1R,4R,5S,5aR,10bR)-methyl 4-acetoxy-3a-ethyl-9-((3R,5S,7R,9S)-5-ethyl-5-hydroxy-9-(methoxycarbonyl)-2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10-octahydro-1H-3,7-methano[1]azacycloundecino[5,4-b]indol-9-yl)-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-6-methyl-3a,3a1,4,5,5a,6,11,12-octahydro-1H-indolizino[8,1-cd]carbazole-5-carboxylate sulfuric acid | 143-67-9 | C46H58N4O9*H2O4S |
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—— | [6-[[6-[4-[4-(5-acetyloxy-4-hydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl)oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-(3,4-dihydroxy-1-methoxy-2-oxopentyl)-4,10-dihydroxy-3-methyl-5-oxo-7,8-dihydro-6H-anthracen-2-yl]oxy]-4-(4-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate | 7059-24-7 | C57H82O26 |
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—— | 4,8-Dihydroxy-5,5,7,9,13-pentamethyl-16-[1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)prop-1-en-2-yl]-1-oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione | 189453-10-9 | C27H41NO5S |
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—— | 9-acetyl-7-(4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione | 57852-57-0 | C26H27NO9 |
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—— | Antibiotic MA 144A1 | 57576-44-0 | C42H53NO15 |
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—— | Bleomycin A5 | 11116-32-8 | C57H89N19O21S2 |
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—— | Monocrotalin | 315-22-0 | C16H23NO6 |
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—— | 2-amino-1-N-(3-butan-2-yl-7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-10-propan-2-yl-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl)-4,6-dimethyl-3-oxo-9-N-[7,11,14-trimethyl-2,5,9,12,15-pentaoxo-3,10-di(propan-2-yl)-8-oxa-1,4,11,14-tetrazabicyclo[14.3.0]nonadecan-6-yl]phenoxazine-1,9-dicarboxamide | 8052-16-2 | C63H88N12O16 |
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—— | Vincristine (free base) | 57-22-7 | C46H56N4O10 |
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—— | floxuridine | 955-24-8 | C9H11FN2O5 |
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—— | Epipodophyllotoxin, 4'-demethyl-, 9-(4,6-O-2-thenylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) | 29767-20-2 | C32H32O13S |
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—— | 7-[4-amino-6-methyl-5-(oxan-2-yloxy)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7H-tetracene-5,12-dione | 72496-41-4 | C32H37NO12 |
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—— | Prednimustine | 29069-24-7 | C35H45Cl2NO6 |
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—— | (+)-anhydrovinblastine | 38390-45-3 | C46H56N4O8 |
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—— | 4,8-Dihydroxy-5,5,7,9-tetramethyl-16-[1-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-YL)prop-1-EN-2-YL]-1-oxacyclohexadec-13-ene-2,6-dione | 186692-73-9 | C26H39NO5S |
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—— | 2,2'-Anhydrocytidin | 31698-14-3 | C9H11N3O4 |
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—— | 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methoxyoxan-2-yl)methyl]urea | 58994-96-0 | C10H18ClN3O7 |
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—— | Mithramycin a | 18378-89-7 | C52H76O24 |
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—— | etoposide | 33419-42-0 | C29H32O13 |
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—— | Indirubin | 397242-72-7 | C16H10N2O2 |
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