原料药中间体是指在药物合成过程中用于生成最终活性成分(即原料药)的化学物质。这些中间体在制药工业中扮演着重要角色,它们通过一系列化学反应逐步转化成成品药物。根据其在生产过程中的位置和功能,可以将原料药中间体分为以下几个类别:
起始物料:这类中间体是最初用于合成最终产品的原材料。它们通常来源于天然产物、化工产品或其他已经存在的化合物。
关键中间体:这些中间体在整个合成过程中起着核心作用,通常是通过复杂的化学反应得到的。它们对于确保原料药的质量和成本效益至关重要。
保护基团:在药物合成中使用这类中间体是为了对某些敏感部分进行临时性或选择性的“保护”,防止它们在不必要的位置上发生副反应。保护完成后可通过特定条件去除这些保护基。
催化剂和添加剂:虽然不直接形成最终产品,但这些物质能够促进化学反应、提高产率或改善产品的质量特性。
分离纯化溶剂:这类中间体主要用于原料药合成过程中的提纯步骤。它们帮助从目标产物中去除杂质并提高产品的纯度。
选择合适的原料药中间体对于保证药物的安全性和有效性至关重要,因此,在其开发过程中需要考虑多个因素,包括成本效益、反应条件的可控性以及环境友好型等方面。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(1S,4R)-4-氨基-2-环戊烯-1-羧酸甲酯(2R,3R)-2,3-二羟基丁烷二酸酯 | methyl (1S,4R)-(-)-(4-aminocyclopent-2-enyl)formate L-tartrate | 419563-22-7 | C4H6O6*C7H11NO2 |
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(1S,4R)-(4-氨基环戊-2-烯基)甲醇盐酸盐 | (1S,4R)-4-amino-2-cyclopentene-1-methanol hydrochloride | 168960-19-8 | C6H11NO*ClH |
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(1S,3aR,6aS)-八氢环戊烯并[c]吡咯-1-羧酸乙酯盐酸盐 | ethyl (1S,3aR,6aS)-octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole-1-carboxylate hydrochloride | 1147103-42-1 | C10H17NO2*ClH |
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(1S,3S,5S)-3-(氨基羰基)-2-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-甲酸叔丁酯 | N-Boc-L-cis-4,5-methanoprolineamide | 361440-67-7 | C11H18N2O3 |
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(1S,3S,5S)-2-氮杂双环[3,3,0]辛烷-3-羧酸苄酯盐酸盐 | benzyl (2S,3AS,6AS)-octahydrocyclopenta[b]pyrrole-2-carboxylate hydrochloride | 87269-87-2 | C15H19NO2*ClH |
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(1S,3S,5S)-2-氮杂二环[3.1.0]己烷-3-甲酰胺甲烷磺酸盐 | (1S,3S,5S)-2-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carboxamide methane sulphonic acid | 709031-45-8 | CH4O3S*C6H10N2O |
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(1S,3S,4R)-2-((1R)-1-苯基乙基)-2-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-3-羧酸甲酯 | methyl (1S,3S,4R)-2-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-3-carboxylate | 130194-96-6 | C16H19NO2 |
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(1S,3S)-N-BOC-氨基环戊烷-3-羧酸 | (1S,3S)-3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]cyclopentane carboxylic acid | 161601-29-2 | C11H19NO4 |
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(1S,3AR,7AR)-7A-甲基-1-((S)-1-(3-甲基-3-((三甲基甲硅烷基)氧基)丁氧基)乙基)八氢-4H-茚-4-酮 | (1S,3aR,7aR)-1-[(S)-1-(3-methyl-3-trimethylsilyloxybutyloxy)ethyl]-7a-methyloctahydro-1H-inden-4-one | 192573-33-4 | C20H38O3Si |
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(1S,2S,3R,5S)-(+)-2,3-蒎烷二醇 | pinanediol | 18680-27-8 | C10H18O2 |
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(1S,2S)-BOC-1,2-环己二胺 | tert-butyl ((1S,2S)-2-aminocyclohexyl)carbamate | 180683-64-1 | C11H22N2O2 |
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(1S,2S)-(1-苄基-3-氯-2-羟基丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl ((2S,3S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)carbamate | 165727-45-7 | C15H22ClNO3 |
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(1S,2R,3S,5R)-3-(苄氧基)-2-[(苄氧基)甲基]-6-氧杂二环[3.1.0]己烷 | (1S,2R,3S,5R)-3-(benzyloxy)-2-((benzyloxy)methyl)-6-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane | 110567-22-1 | C20H22O3 |
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(1S,2R,3S,5R)-2-[(苄氧甲基)-6-氧杂二环[3.1.0]己-3-醇 | (2R,3S)-2-benzyloxymethyl-6-oxabicyclo<3.1.0>hexan-3-ol | 117641-39-1 | C13H16O3 |
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(1S,2R)-N,N-二乙基-2-(氯甲基)-1-苯基环丙烷甲酰胺 | (1S,2R)-1-phenyl-1-diethylaminocarbonyl-2-chloromethyl cyclopropane | 1237261-60-7 | C15H20ClNO |
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(1S,2R)-2-氨基环戊醇 | (1S,2R)-2-aminocyclopentanol | 135969-63-0 | C5H11NO |
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(1S,2R)-2-氨基-1-(Boc-氨基)环戊烷 | tert-butyl ((1S,2R)-2-aminocyclopentyl)carbamate | 445479-01-6 | C10H20N2O2 |
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(1S)-1-(3-甲基苯基)乙烷-1-醇 | (S)-1-(3-methylphenyl)ethanol | 51154-53-1 | C9H12O |
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(1S)-(+)-2-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚-5-烯-3-酮 | (1S,4R)-2-azabicyclo[2,2,1]hept-5-en-3-one | 130931-83-8 | C6H7NO |
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(1R-反式)-(2-苯基环丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl ((1R,2S)-2-phenylcyclopropyl)carbamate | 185256-47-7 | C14H19NO2 |
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(1R,9aR)-1-(羟基甲基)八氢-2H-喹嗪鎓氯化物 | (-)-lupinine hydrochloride | 6113-09-3 | C10H19NO*ClH |
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(1R,5s,6s)-6-氨基-3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-3-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (1S,5R)-6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carboxylate | 273206-92-1 | C10H18N2O2 |
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(1R,3r)-9h-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸, 1,2,3,4-四氢-1-(3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯基)甲酯盐酸盐 | cis-tetrahydro-β-carboline hydrochloride | 171752-68-4 | C20H18N2O4*ClH |
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(1R,3r)-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-(3,4-亚甲基二氧基苯基)-9h-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-3-羧酸甲酯 | (1R,3R)-methyl 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate | 171596-41-1 | C20H18N2O4 |
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(1R,3S,4S)-N-叔丁氧羰基-2-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚烷-3-羧酸 | (1R,3S,4S)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3-dicarboxylic acid 2-tert-butyl ester | 291775-59-2 | C12H19NO4 |
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(1R,3S,4S)-3-[6-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂环戊硼烷-2-基)-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基]-2-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸叔丁酯 | 3-[6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl]-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 1256387-87-7 | C24H34BN3O4 |
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(1R,3S,4S)-3-(6-溴-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基)-2-氮杂双环[2.2.1]庚烷-2-羧酸叔丁酯 | 3-(6-bromo-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester | 1256387-74-2 | C18H22BrN3O2 |
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(1R,3S)-3-氨基-1-环戊醇 | tert-butyl ((1S,3R)-3-hydroxycyclopentyl)carbamate | 167465-99-8 | C10H19NO3 |
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(1R,2S,5S)-6,6-二甲基-3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸 | (1R,2S,5S)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylic acid | 911835-76-2 | C8H13NO2 |
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(1R,2S,5S)-3-(叔丁氧基羰基)-6,6-二甲基-3-氮杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-羧酸 | (1R,2S,5S)-3-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-6,6-dimethyl-3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2-carboxylic acid | 219754-02-6 | C13H21NO4 |
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(1R,2S,5R)-7-氧代-6-(苄氧基)-1,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-2-甲酰胺 | (2S,5R)-6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxamide | 1192651-49-2 | C14H17N3O3 |
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(1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-1-(乙酰氧甲基)-5-(4-氯-3-(4-乙氧苄基)苯基)-6,8-二氧杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-2,3,4-三乙酸三酯 | (1R,2S,3S,4R,5S)-1-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(4-chloro-3-(4-ethoxybenzyl)phenyl)-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,3,4-triyl triacetate | 1298086-18-6 | C30H33ClO11 |
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(1R,2S)-2-氟-环丙胺盐酸盐 | (1R,2S)-2-fluorocyclopropylamine hydrochloride | 141042-21-9 | C3H6FN*ClH |
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(1R,2S)-2-(苄氧甲基)-3-环戊烯-1-醇 | (1R,2S)-2-((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopent-3-enol | 188399-48-6 | C13H16O2 |
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(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-二氟苯基)环丙胺 (R)-扁桃酸盐 | (1R,2S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)cyclopropylamine (R)-mandelate | 376608-71-8 | C8H8O3*C9H9F2N |
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(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-二氟苯基)环丙胺 (2R,3R)-2,3-二羟基丁二酸盐 | trans-(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-cyclopropylamine tartrate salt | 220352-39-6 | C4H6O6*C9H9F2N |
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(1R,2S)-2-(3,4-二氟苯基)环丙胺 | (1R,2S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)cyclopropanamine | 220352-38-5 | C9H9F2N |
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(1R,2S)-1-氨基-N-(环丙基磺酰基)-2-乙烯基环丙烷甲酰胺对甲苯磺酸盐 | (1R,2S)-1-amino-N-(cyclopropylsulfonyl)-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxamide p-toluenesulfonate salt | 1028252-16-5 | C7H8O3S*C9H14N2O3S |
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(1R,2R,4S)-2-[(5-己烯-1-基甲基氨基)羰基]-4-[[7-甲氧基-8-甲基-2-[4-异丙基-2-噻唑基]-4-喹啉基]氧基]环戊烷羧酸甲酯 | methyl (1R,2R,4S)-2-[5-hexen-1-yl(methyl)carbamoyl]-4-[[2-(4-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-7-methoxy-8-methyl-4-quinolinyl]oxy]cyclopentanecarboxylate | 1042695-87-3 | C32H41N3O5S |
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(1R,2R,3S,5R)-(-)-2,3-蒎烷二醇 | (1R,2R,3S,5R)-2,3-pinane diol | 22422-34-0 | C10H18O2 |
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(1R,2R)-1-氨基-2-(二氟甲基)-N-[(1-甲基环丙基)磺酰基]环丙烷甲酰胺盐酸盐 | (1R,2R)-1-Amino-2-(difluoromethyl)-N-((1-methylcyclopropyl)sulfonyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxamide Hydrochloride Salt | 1360828-80-3 | C9H14F2N2O3S*ClH |
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(1R)-1,4-脱水-2-脱氧-1-(1,3-二甲基-2,4-二氧代-1,2,3,4-四氢-5-嘧啶基)-D-赤式-戊糖醇 | 1,3-Dimethyl-2'-deoxypseudouridine | 65358-16-9 | C11H16N2O5 |
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(1R)-(+)-TRANS蒎烷 | [1R-(1α,2α,5α)]-2,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane | 4863-59-6 | C10H18 |
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(1-苄基吡咯烷-3-基甲基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | (1-benzyl-pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester | 155497-10-2 | C17H26N2O2 |
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(1-苄基-1H-吲哚-3-基)甲醇 | N-benzylindole-3-methanol | 60941-76-6 | C16H15NO |
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(1-甲基-1H-吡唑-3-基)乙酸 | 2-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetic acid | 1177318-00-1 | C6H8N2O2 |
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(1-二苯甲基氮杂啶-3-基)甲基氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | [[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-azetidinyl]methyl]-carbamic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester | 91189-19-4 | C22H28N2O2 |
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(1,2-二氢-2-氧代-3H-吲哚-3-亚基)二对亚苯基二烟酸酯 | 2-Oxo-3,3-bis-(4-nicotinoyloxy-phenyl)-indolin | 5054-75-1 | C32H21N3O5 |
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(-)-甲基(1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-[(1S)-1-(乙酰氨基)-2-乙基丁基]-4-氨基-2-羟基环戊烷羧酸盐酸盐 | (-)-methyl (1S,2S,3R,4R)-3-[(1S)-1-(acetylamino)-2-ethylbutyl]-4-amino-2-hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylate hydrochloride | 229614-17-9 | C15H28N2O4*ClH |
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(-)-3-去氢莽草酸 | (-)-3-dehydroshikimic acid | 2922-42-1 | C7H8O5 |
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