原料药中间体是指在药物合成过程中用于生成最终活性成分(即原料药)的化学物质。这些中间体在制药工业中扮演着重要角色,它们通过一系列化学反应逐步转化成成品药物。根据其在生产过程中的位置和功能,可以将原料药中间体分为以下几个类别:
起始物料:这类中间体是最初用于合成最终产品的原材料。它们通常来源于天然产物、化工产品或其他已经存在的化合物。
关键中间体:这些中间体在整个合成过程中起着核心作用,通常是通过复杂的化学反应得到的。它们对于确保原料药的质量和成本效益至关重要。
保护基团:在药物合成中使用这类中间体是为了对某些敏感部分进行临时性或选择性的“保护”,防止它们在不必要的位置上发生副反应。保护完成后可通过特定条件去除这些保护基。
催化剂和添加剂:虽然不直接形成最终产品,但这些物质能够促进化学反应、提高产率或改善产品的质量特性。
分离纯化溶剂:这类中间体主要用于原料药合成过程中的提纯步骤。它们帮助从目标产物中去除杂质并提高产品的纯度。
选择合适的原料药中间体对于保证药物的安全性和有效性至关重要,因此,在其开发过程中需要考虑多个因素,包括成本效益、反应条件的可控性以及环境友好型等方面。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| (2S,4R)-1-((S)-2-氨基-3,3-二甲基丁酰基)-4-羟基-N-((S)-1-(4-(4-甲基噻唑-5-基)苯基)乙基)吡咯烷-2-甲酰胺 | (2S,4R)-1-((S)-2-amino-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl)-4-hydroxy-N-((S)-1-(4-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)phenyl)ethyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide | 1948273-02-6 | C23H32N4O3S |
| (2S,4E)-5-氯-2-异丙基戊-4-烯酸甲酯 | methyl (S)-(4E)-5-chloro-2-isopropyl-4-pentenoate | 387353-77-7 | C9H15ClO2 |
| (2S,3aR,7aS)-1H-八氢吲哚-2-羧酸 | (2S,3aR,7aS)-octahydroindolecarboxylic acid | 145438-94-4 | C9H15NO2 |
| (2S,3S)-2-氨基-3-甲氧基丁酸 | (2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methoxybutanoic acid | 104195-80-4 | C5H11NO3 |
| (2S,3S)-1,2-环氧-3-苄氧羰基氨基-4-苯基丁烷 | N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3(S)-amino-1,2(S)epoxy-4-phenylbutane | 128018-44-0 | C18H19NO3 |
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(4-氯-3-(4-(((S)-3-四氢呋喃)氧代)苄基)苯基)-6-(羟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-2,3,4,5-四醇 | 1-chloro-4-(β-D-glucopyranos-1-yl)-2-[4-((S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)-benzyl]-benzene | 1279691-35-8 | C23H27ClO8 |
| (2S,3R)-N-叔丁氧羰基-2,3-二苯基吗啉-6-酮 | (+/-)-tert-butyl 6-oxo-2,3-diphenyl-4-morpholinecarboxylate | 112741-50-1 | C21H23NO4 |
| (2S,3R)-3-氨基-2-羟基-4-苯丁酸 | (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid | 59554-14-2 | C10H13NO3 |
| (2S)-N-氯乙酰基-2-氰基四氢吡咯 | (S)-1-(2-chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile | 207557-35-5 | C7H9ClN2O |
| (2S)-5-[(2,5-二氧代-1-吡咯烷基)氧基]-5-氧代-2-[(1-氧代十六烷基)氨基]戊酸叔丁酯 | Pal-Glu(OSu)-OtBu | 204521-63-1 | C29H50N2O7 |
| (2S)-2-苯基甲氧基戊烷-3-酮 | (S)-2-benzyloxy-3-pentanone | 132489-33-9 | C12H16O2 |
| (2S)-2-氨基-4-甲基-1-[(2R)-2-甲基环氧乙烷基]-1-戊酮 | (2S)-2-amino-4-methyl-1-[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]pentan-1-one | 247068-84-4 | C9H17NO2 |
| (2S)-2-氨基-3-[4-(二(2-羟基乙基)氨基)苯基]丙酸 | 4-(bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-L-phenylalanine | 72143-20-5 | C13H20N2O4 |
| (2S)-1-[(9H-芴-9-基甲氧基)羰基]-4-{[(2-甲基-2-丙基)氧基]羰基}-2-哌嗪羧酸 | (S)-1-(((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)-4-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperazine-2-carboxylic acid | 244132-27-2 | C25H28N2O6 |
| (2R,4S)-反式-4-氟-L-脯氨酸甲酯盐酸盐 | 4S-fluoropyrrolidine-2R-carboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloride salt | 131176-03-9 | C6H10FNO2*ClH |
| (2R,4S)-乙基 5-([1,1'-联苯]-4-基)-4-((叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-2-甲基戊酸 | ethyl (2R,4S)-5-([1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)-2-methylpentanoate | 149709-60-4 | C25H33NO4 |
| (2R,4S)-5-(联苯-4-基)-4-[(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]-2-甲基戊酸 | (2R,4S)-5-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-methylpentanoic acid | 1012341-50-2 | C23H29NO4 |
| (2R,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-三s(苄氧基)-2-溴-6-(3-苯基丙基)四氢-2H-吡喃 | 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide | 4196-35-4 | C34H35BrO5 |
| (2R,3S,4S,5S)-5-羟基-2,3,4-三(苄氧基)-5-[(苄氧基)甲基]-环己酮 | (1S)-(1(OH),2,4/1,3)-2,3,4-Tri-O-benzyl-1-C-<(benzyloxy)methyl>-5-oxo-1,2,3,4-cyclohexanetetrol | 115250-38-9 | C35H36O6 |
| (2R,3S)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯基)乙氧基]-3-(4-氟苯基)吗啉 | cis(2R,3S)-2-({(1R)-1-[3,5bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl}oxy)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)morpholine | 171338-27-5 | C20H18F7NO2 |
| (2R,3S)-(-)-N-Boc-2,3-二苯基-6-氧代吗啉 | tert-butyl (2R,3S)-6-oxo-2,3-diphenylmorpholine-4-carboxylate | 112741-49-8 | C21H23NO4 |
| (2R,3R)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丁烷-2,3-二醇 | (2R,3R)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butane-2,3-diol | 133775-25-4 | C12H13F2N3O2 |
| (2R,3R)-2,3-双[(苄氧基)甲基]-环氧乙烷 | (2R,3R)-1,4-bis(benzyloxy)-2,3-epoxy butane | 80183-15-9 | C18H20O3 |
| (2R,3R)-2,3,4-三羟基丁酸钾 | potassium (2R,3R)-2,3,4-trihydroxybutanoate | 88759-55-1 | C4H7O5*K |
| (2R, 3R)-3-(2, 5-二氟苯基)-3-羟基-2-甲基-4-[1H-(1, 2, 4)-三氮唑-1-基]硫代丁酰胺 | (2R,3R)-3-(2,5-difluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butanethioamide | 368421-58-3 | C13H14F2N4OS |
| (2R)-4,4-二氟吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯盐酸盐 | 4,4-difluoropyrrolidine-2R-dicarboxylic acid methyl ester hydrochloric salt | 1408057-39-5 | C6H9F2NO2*ClH |
| (2R)-2-甲基吡咯烷-2-羧酸盐酸盐 | 2-methyl-D-proline hydrochloride salt | 123053-48-5 | C6H11NO2*ClH |
| (2R)-2-氨基-3-[4-[双(2-氯乙基)氨基]苯基]丙酸 | melphalan | 13045-94-8 | C13H18Cl2N2O2 |
| (2R)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-二(三氟甲基)苯基]乙氧基]-3-(4-氟苯基)-5,6-二氢-2H-1,4-恶嗪 | 6R-6-{(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]ethoxy}-5-(4-fluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazine | 380499-07-0 | C20H16F7NO2 |
| (2E,4R)-4-[(1R,3AS,4E,7AR)-4-[(2E)-2-[(3S,5R)-3,5-双[[(叔丁基)二甲基硅]氧基]-2-亚甲基环己亚基]乙烯基]八氢-7A-甲基-1H-茚-1-基]-1-环丙基-2-戊烯-1-酮 | (1S,3R,20R)-bis(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-20-(3'-cyclopropyl-3'-oxyprop-1'(E)-enyl)-9,10-secopregna-5(E),7(E),10(19)-triene | 112849-17-9 | C39H66O3Si2 |
| (2E,4E)-5-(4-甲氧基-2,3,6-三甲基苯基)-3-甲基-2,4-戊二烯醛 | (2E,4E)-5-(4-methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienal | 69877-38-9 | C16H20O2 |
| (2E)-N-[4-[(3-氯-4-氟苯基)氨基]-7-甲氧基-6-喹唑啉基]-4-(1-哌啶基)-2-丁烯酰胺水合物 | Dacomitinib monohydrate | 1042385-75-0 | C24H27ClFN5O3 |
| (2-甲酰基吡啶-3-基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (2-formylpyridin-3-yl)carbamate | 116026-99-4 | C11H14N2O3 |
| (2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙醛缩二甲醇 | 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal | 94158-44-8 | C7H16O4 |
| (2-溴苯基)二甲胺 | 2-bromo-N,N-dimethylbenzylamine | 1976-04-1 | C9H12BrN |
| (2-氨基氧乙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (2-(aminooxy)ethyl)carbamate | 75051-55-7 | C7H16N2O3 |
| (2-氧代庚基)膦酸二甲酯 | dimethyl 2-oxoheptylphosphonate | 36969-89-8 | C9H19O4P |
| (2-氧代-3,3-二氟庚基)膦酸二甲酯 | dimethyl (3,3-difluoro-2-oxoheptyl)-phosphonate | 50889-46-8 | C9H17F2O4P |
| (2-丁基-5-硝基-3-苯并呋喃基)[4-[3-(二丁基氨基)丙氧基]苯基]甲酮 | 2-(n-butyl)-3-(4-{3-[di(n-butyl)amino]propoxy}benzoyl)-5-nitrobenzofuran | 141645-23-0 | C30H40N2O5 |
| (2-(甲基氨基)吡啶-3-基)甲基 2-((叔丁氧羰基)(甲基)氨基)乙酸酯 | (2-(methylamino)pyridin-3-yl)methyl 2-(tert-butoxycarbonyl(methyl)amino)acetate | 1180002-01-0 | C15H23N3O4 |
| (2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙炔基)烷基苯 | 2-((4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)aniline | 157869-15-3 | C15H13NO |
| (2'R)-N-苯甲酰基-2'-脱氧-2'-氟-2'-甲基胞苷 3',5'-二苯甲酸酯 | (2'R)-N-benzoyl-2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-methylcytidine-3',5'-dibenzoate | 817204-32-3 | C31H26FN3O7 |
| (2'R)-2'-脱氧-2'-氟-2'-甲基脲苷 | 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-methyluridine | 863329-66-2 | C10H13FN2O5 |
| (1α,3α,5α)-1,3,5-环己三腈 | 1,3,5-cyclohexanetricarbonitrile | 183582-92-5 | C9H9N3 |
| (1r,2s)-1-[(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基]-2-乙烯基环丙烷羧酸甲酯 | (1R,2S)-1-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-vinyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid methyl ester | 159622-09-0 | C12H19NO4 |
| (1alpha,4alpha,4aalpha,9aalpha)-1,4,4a,9a-四氢-4a-甲基-1,4-甲桥蒽-9,10-二酮 | (1S,4R,4aR,9aS)-4a-methyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-1,4-methanoanthracene-9,10-dione | 97804-50-7 | C16H14O2 |
| (1aR,5S,8S,10R,22aR)-18,19-二去氢-5-(叔丁基)-1,1a,3,4,5,6,9,10,20,21,22,22a-十二氢-14-甲氧基-3,6-二氧代-8H-7,10-甲桥环丙烯并[18,19][1,10,3,6]二氧杂二氮杂环十九碳九烯并[11,12-b]喹喔啉-8-羧酸甲酯 | methyl (1aR,5S,8S,10R,22aR)-5-tert-butyl-14-methoxy-3,6-dioxo-18,19-didehydro-1,1a,3,4,5,6,9,10,20,21,22,22a-dodecahydro-8H-7,10-methanocyclopropa[18,19][1,10,3, 6]dioxadiazacyclononadecino[11,12-b]quinoxaline-8-carboxylate | 1425038-23-8 | C30H36N4O7 |
| (1S5R)-1-苯基-3-氧杂双环[3.1.0]己烷-2-酮(左米那普仑中间体A) | (1S,5R)-1-phenyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan-2-one | 96847-53-9 | C11H10O2 |
| (1S-反式)-2-[(苯甲氧基)甲基]-3-环戊烯-1-醇 | (1S,2R)-2-((benzyloxy)methyl)cyclopent-3-enol | 110567-21-0 | C13H16O2 |
| (1S,6S)-2-氧杂-5,8-二氮杂双环[4.3.0]壬烷 | 1S,6S-2-oxa-5,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane | 209401-69-4 | C6H12N2O |