原料药中间体是指在药物合成过程中用于生成最终活性成分(即原料药)的化学物质。这些中间体在制药工业中扮演着重要角色,它们通过一系列化学反应逐步转化成成品药物。根据其在生产过程中的位置和功能,可以将原料药中间体分为以下几个类别:
起始物料:这类中间体是最初用于合成最终产品的原材料。它们通常来源于天然产物、化工产品或其他已经存在的化合物。
关键中间体:这些中间体在整个合成过程中起着核心作用,通常是通过复杂的化学反应得到的。它们对于确保原料药的质量和成本效益至关重要。
保护基团:在药物合成中使用这类中间体是为了对某些敏感部分进行临时性或选择性的“保护”,防止它们在不必要的位置上发生副反应。保护完成后可通过特定条件去除这些保护基。
催化剂和添加剂:虽然不直接形成最终产品,但这些物质能够促进化学反应、提高产率或改善产品的质量特性。
分离纯化溶剂:这类中间体主要用于原料药合成过程中的提纯步骤。它们帮助从目标产物中去除杂质并提高产品的纯度。
选择合适的原料药中间体对于保证药物的安全性和有效性至关重要,因此,在其开发过程中需要考虑多个因素,包括成本效益、反应条件的可控性以及环境友好型等方面。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(E)-2-((二甲基氨基)亚甲基)-3-氧代丁酸甲酯 | methyl (E)-2-((dimethylamino)methylene)-3-oxobutanoate | 203186-56-5 | C8H13NO3 |
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(DESONDE-21-乙酸)21-乙酰氧基-11-羟基-16-Α,17-Α-异丙基二氧基孕烷-1,4-二烯-3,20酮 | 11β,16α,17α,21-tetrahydroxy-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione 16,17-acetonide 21-acetate | 25092-25-5 | C26H34O7 |
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(9ci)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-5-醇 | 1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-ol | 50591-22-5 | C8H8N2O |
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(9ci)-1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-噻唑-5-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carboxylate | 57031-65-9 | C5H7N3O2 |
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(9Z,12R)-12-羟基-9-十八烯酸锌盐 | (Z,12R)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid;zinc | 13040-19-2 | C18H34O3Zn |
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(9Z)-红霉素A肟 | 9-deoxy-9-homoerythromycin A(Z) oxime | 134931-01-4 | C37H68N2O13 |
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(9Z)-9-十二碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯 | (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate | 16974-11-1 | C14H26O2 |
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(8S,10S,13S,14S,17R)-17-乙酰基-17-羟基-10,13-二甲基-2,6,7,8,12,14,15,16-八氢-1H-环戊二烯并[a]菲-3-酮 | 17α-hydroxypregna-4,9(11)-diene-3,20-dione | 34184-82-2 | C21H28O3 |
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(8E,10E)-8,10-十二碳二烯-1-醇乙酸酯 | (E,E)-8,10-dodecadienyl acetate | 53880-51-6 | C14H24O2 |
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(7alpha,17beta)-17-(乙酰氧基)-7-[9-[(4,4,5,5,5-五氟戊基)硫代]壬基]雌甾-4-烯-3-酮 | (7α,17β)-3-oxo-7-{9-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfanyl]nonyl}estr-4-en-17-yl acetate | 415927-29-6 | C34H51F5O3S |
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(7a,17b)- 7-[9-[(4,4,5,5,5-五氟戊基)硫]壬基]雌甾-1,3,5(10)-三烯-3,17-二醇 17-醋酸酯 | 17-O-acetyl-S-deoxo-fulvestrant | 875573-69-6 | C34H49F5O3S |
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(7a,17b)- 7-[9-[(4,4,5,5,5-五氟戊基)硫]壬基]雌甾-1,3,5(10)-三烯-3,17-二醇 | ICI 182,780 | 153004-31-0 | C32H47F5O2S |
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(7a,17b)- 7-(9-溴壬基)雌甾-1,3,5(10)-三烯-3,17-二醇 17-醋酸酯 | (+)-(7α)-[9-bromononyl]estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3-ol-17β-yl acetate | 875573-66-3 | C29H43BrO3 |
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(7S)-5-氮杂螺[2.4]庚烷-7-基氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (S)-(5-azaspiro[2.4]heptan-7-yl)carbamate | 127199-45-5 | C11H20N2O2 |
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(6S)-5-氮杂螺[2.4]庚烷-5,6-二甲酸 5-叔丁酯 钾盐 | (S)-5-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-azaspiro[2.4]heptane-6-carboxylate | 1441673-92-2 | C12H18NO4*K |
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(6R-反式)-3-(乙酰氧基甲基)-7-[(2-氨基噻唑-4-基)乙酰氨基]-8-氧代-5-硫杂-1-氮杂双环[4.2.0]辛-2-烯-2-羧酸 | 7β-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetylamino]-3-acetoxymethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid | 58233-18-4 | C15H16N4O6S2 |
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(6E)-6-[(2E,4E,6E)-3,7-二甲基壬-2,4,6,8-四烯亚基]-1,5,5-三甲基环己烯 | Anhydro-retinol | 1224-78-8 | C20H28 |
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(6-溴吡啶-3-基)三氟硼酸钾 | Potassium (6-bromopyridin-3-yl)trifluoroborate | 1189097-43-5 | C5H3BBrF3KN |
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(6-溴-2,3-二氟苯基)甲醇 | (6-bromo-2,3-difluorophenyl)methanol | 651326-72-6 | C7H5BrF2O |
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(6-氨基吡啶-2-基)(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)甲酮.双盐酸盐 | (6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methanone dihydrochloride | 613678-10-7 | C12H19Cl2N3O |
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(6-氨基吡啶-2-基)(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)甲酮 | 2-amino-(6-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)carbonyl)pyridine | 613678-03-8 | C12H17N3O |
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(5Z,11alpha,13E,15S)-11,15-二羟基-9-氧代(3,3,4,4-2H4)前列腺-5,13-二烯-1-酸 | PGE2-d4 | 34210-10-1 | C20H32O5 |
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(5Z,11A,13E,15S,17Z)-11,15-二羟基-9-氧代-前列腺-5,13,17-三烯-1-酸 | Prostaglandin E3 | 802-31-3 | C20H30O5 |
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(5S,8S,11S,12R)-11-((S)-仲丁基)-1-(9H-芴-9-基)-5,8- | N-[(9H-fluoren-9-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-N-methyl-L-valyl-N-[(3R,4S,5S)-1-tert-butoxy-3-methoxy-5-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl]-N-methyl-L-valinamide | 474645-25-5 | C40H59N3O7 |
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(5R-CIS)-甲苯-4-磺酸 5-(2,4-二氟苯基)-5-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-1-基)甲基四氢呋喃-3-基甲基酯 | ((3S,5R)-5-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate | 149809-43-8 | C21H21F2N3O4S |
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(5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14S)-13-甲基十四氢-3H-环戊二烯并[A]菲-3,17(2H)-二酮 | 5β-estrane-3,17-dione | 5696-51-5 | C18H26O2 |
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(5R,6S)-5,6-二苯基吗啉-2-酮 | (5R,6S)-5,6-diphenylmorpholin-2-one | 282735-66-4 | C16H15NO2 |
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(5R)-3-(4-溴-3-氟苯基)-5-羟甲基恶唑烷-2-酮 | (R)-3-(4-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)-5-(hydroxylmethyl)oxazolidin-2-one | 444335-16-4 | C10H9BrFNO3 |
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(5AS,10BR)-(-)-5A,10B-二氢-2-(五氟苯基)-4H,6H-茚[2,1-B][1,2,4]三唑[4,3-D][1,4]醇四氟硼酸恶嗪 | 2-Pentafluorophenyl-6.10b-dihydro-4H,5aH-5-oxo-3,10c-diaza-2-azoniacyclopenta[c]fluorene tetrafluoroborate | 740816-14-2 | C18H11BF9N3O |
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(5-羧基戊基)三苯基溴化磷 | (5-carboxypentyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide | 50889-29-7 | Br*C24H26O2P |
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(5-溴-2-甲基苯基)(5-(4-氟苯基)-2-噻吩)甲酮 | (5-bromo-2-methylphenyl)[5-(4-fluorophenyl)thiophen-2-yl]methanone | 1132832-75-7 | C18H12BrFOS |
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(5-氨基-1,2-苯并异噁唑)-氨基甲酸-1,1-二甲基乙酯 | tert-butyl (5-aminobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)carbamate | 380629-73-2 | C12H15N3O3 |
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(4S,CIS)-1,3-二恶烷-1,1-二甲基-6-2-氨乙基-1,2-二甲基-1-4-醋酸 | tert-butyl (4S,6S)-6-(2-aminoethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4-acetate | 947586-93-8 | C14H27NO4 |
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(4S,5R)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-4-苯基-3,5-恶唑烷二羧酸 3-叔丁酯 | acide (4S,5R)-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-2-(4-O-methoxyphenyl)-4-phenyl-5-oxazolidine carboxylique | 196404-55-4 | C22H25NO6 |
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(4S,5R)-2,4-二苯基-4,5-二氢噁唑-5-羧酸 | (4S,5R)-2,4-diphenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole-5-carboxylic acid | 158722-22-6 | C16H13NO3 |
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(4R-cis)-6-醛基-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧己环-4-乙酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 2-[(4R,6S)-6-formyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl]acetate | 124752-23-4 | C13H22O5 |
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(4R-cis)-6-[(乙酰氧基)甲基]-2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧六环-4-乙酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 2-((4R,6S)-6-(acetoxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)acetate | 154026-95-6 | C15H26O6 |
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(4R,4R)-4,4-二苯基-4,4,5,5-四氢-2,2-双噁唑 | 2,2'-bis[(4R)-phenyl-1,3,-oxazoline] | 148925-98-8 | C18H16N2O2 |
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(4R,12aS)-N-((2,4-二氟苯基)甲基)-3,4,6,8,12,12a-六氢-7-甲氧基-4-甲基-6,8-二氧代-2H-吡啶并(1',2':4,5)吡嗪并(2,1-b)(1,3)恶嗪-9-甲酰胺 | (4R,12aS)-N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-7-methoxy-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-2H-pyrido[1',2':4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-9-carboxamide | 1335210-35-9 | C21H21F2N3O5 |
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(4R,12aS)-9-溴-3,4,12,12a-四氢-4-甲基-7-(苯基甲氧基)-2H-吡啶并[1',2':4,5]吡嗪并[2,1-b][1,3]恶嗪-6,8-二酮 | (4R,12aS)-7-(benzyloxy)-9-bromo-4-methyl-3,4,12,12atetrahydro-2H-pyrido [1′,2′:4,5]pyrazino[2,1-b][1,3]oxazine-6,8-dione | 1206102-10-4 | C19H19BrN2O4 |
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(4R,12AS)-N-(2,4-二氟苄基)-7-苯氧基-4-甲基-6,8-二氧-3,4,6,8,12,12A-六氢-9-羧基-2H-吡啶并[1',2':4,5]吡嗪并[2,1-B][1,3]噁嗪烷-9-甲酰胺 | (4R,12aS)-7-(benzyloxy)-N-(2,4-difluorobenzyl)-4-methyl-6,8-dioxo-3,4,6,8,12,12a-hexahydro-2H-[1,3]oxazino[3,2-d]-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine-9-carboxamide | 1206102-11-5 | C27H25F2N3O5 |
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(4R)-4-[(3-氯-7-甲氧基-2-喹喔啉基)氧基]-L-脯氨酸甲酯甲烷磺酸盐 | (2S,4R)-4-(3-chloro-7-methoxyquinoxalin-2-yloxy)-2-(methoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidinium methanesulfonate | 1425038-20-5 | CH4O3S*C15H16ClN3O4 |
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(4R)-1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯)-2-环己烯-1-醇 | (4R)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-2-en-1-ol | 861892-40-2 | C10H16O |
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(4-苯氧基苯基)甲醇 | (4-phenoxyphenyl)methanol | 2215-78-3 | C13H12O2 |
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(4-溴苯甲酰)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl 4-Bromobenzoylacetate | 26510-95-2 | C11H11BrO3 |
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(4-溴苯基)(4-戊基苯基)甲酮 | 4-Bromo-4'-n-pentylbenzophenone | 918500-19-3 | C18H19BrO |
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(4-溴-2-硝基苯基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (4-bromo-2-nitrophenyl)carbamate | 327046-79-7 | C11H13BrN2O4 |
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(4-氯环己-1-鎓基)[三(4-氯苯基)]硼酸酯(1-) | sodium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate | 14644-80-5 | C24H16BCl4*Na |
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(4-氯-2-氟-3-甲基苯基)硼酸 | 4-chloro-2-fluoro-3-methylphenylboronic acid | 944128-92-1 | C7H7BClFO2 |
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(4-氟苄基)硼酸 | 4-fluorobenzylboronic acid | 150530-25-9 | C7H8BFO2 |
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