原料药中间体是指在药物合成过程中用于生成最终活性成分(即原料药)的化学物质。这些中间体在制药工业中扮演着重要角色,它们通过一系列化学反应逐步转化成成品药物。根据其在生产过程中的位置和功能,可以将原料药中间体分为以下几个类别:
起始物料:这类中间体是最初用于合成最终产品的原材料。它们通常来源于天然产物、化工产品或其他已经存在的化合物。
关键中间体:这些中间体在整个合成过程中起着核心作用,通常是通过复杂的化学反应得到的。它们对于确保原料药的质量和成本效益至关重要。
保护基团:在药物合成中使用这类中间体是为了对某些敏感部分进行临时性或选择性的“保护”,防止它们在不必要的位置上发生副反应。保护完成后可通过特定条件去除这些保护基。
催化剂和添加剂:虽然不直接形成最终产品,但这些物质能够促进化学反应、提高产率或改善产品的质量特性。
分离纯化溶剂:这类中间体主要用于原料药合成过程中的提纯步骤。它们帮助从目标产物中去除杂质并提高产品的纯度。
选择合适的原料药中间体对于保证药物的安全性和有效性至关重要,因此,在其开发过程中需要考虑多个因素,包括成本效益、反应条件的可控性以及环境友好型等方面。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(4-氟-2,6-二甲基苯基)甲醇 | 2,6-Dimethyl-4-fluorobenzyl alcohol | 773868-67-0 | C9H11FO |
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(4-乙氧基苯基)肼盐酸盐 | (4-ethoxyphenyl)hydrazine hydrochloride | 76014-10-3 | C8H12N2O*ClH |
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(4-(癸氧基)苯基)(苯基)甲酮 | [4-(decyloxy)phenyl]phenylmethanone | 78392-97-9 | C23H30O2 |
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(4-(1,2,4,5-四嗪-3-基)苯基)甲胺盐酸盐 | (4-(1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl)phenyl)methanamine hydrochloride | 1416711-59-5 | C9H9N5*ClH |
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(3秒)-3-(苄氧羰基-羧甲基氨基)吡咯烷-1-羧酸苄酯 | 3-(R)-(benzyloxycarbonyl-carboxymethyl-amino)-pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester | 1056211-06-3 | C22H24N2O6 |
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(3α,5α)-16-烯-3-甾醇 | androstenol | 1153-51-1 | C19H30O |
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(3aS,4S,6aR)-N-(2-氨基乙基)六氢-2-氧代-1H-噻吩并[3,4-d]咪唑-4-戊酰胺 | N-biotinyl-1,2-diaminoethane | 111790-37-5 | C12H22N4O2S |
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(3aR,4S,6R,6aS)-6-氨基四氢-2,2-二甲基-4H-环戊烯并-1,3-二氧杂环戊烷-4-醇 | (3aR,4S,6R,6aS)-6-amino-2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[d][1,3]dioxol-4-ol | 155899-66-4 | C8H15NO3 |
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(3aR,4R,6S,6aS)-4-[叔丁氧羰基氨基]-3-(1-乙基丙基)-3a,5,6,6a-四氢-4H-环戊并[d]异恶唑-6-羧酸甲酯 | (+)-methyl (3aR,4R,6S,6aS)-4-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-amino]-3-(1-ethylpropyl)-4,5,6,6a-tetrahydro-3aH-cyclopenta[d]isoxazole-6-carboxylate | 229613-93-8 | C18H30N2O5 |
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(3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-5-(苯甲酰氧基)-4-[(1E)-3,3-二氟-4-苯氧基-1-丁烯基]六氢-2H-环戊二烯并[b]呋喃-2-酮 | (3aR,4R,5R,6aS)-4-((E)-3,3-difluoro-4-phenoxybut-1-en-1-yl)-2-oxohexahydro-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-5-yl benzoate | 209861-00-7 | C24H22F2O5 |
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(3Z,13Z)-3,13-十八碳二烯-1-基乙酸酯 | (3Z,13Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-yl acetate | 53120-27-7 | C20H36O2 |
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(3S-顺式)-4-氯苯磺酸[5-(2,4-二氟苯基)四氢-5-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基甲基)-3-呋喃基]甲基酯 | ((3S,5R)-5-((1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl 4-chlorobenzenesulfonate | 175712-02-4 | C20H18ClF2N3O4S |
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(3S,8S,9R,10S,13S,14R,17R)-17-乙酰基-10,13-二甲基-3-磺基氧基-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十二氢-1H-环戊并[a]菲 | pregnenolone sulfate | 1247-64-9 | C21H32O5S |
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(3S,5S)-3,5-二甲基-1-哌嗪羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (3S,5S)-3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylate | 888327-50-2 | C11H22N2O2 |
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(3S,4R)-N-BOC-3-氟-4-胺基哌啶 | tert-butyl (3S,4R)-4-amino-3-fluoropiperidine-1-carboxylate | 907544-20-1 | C10H19FN2O2 |
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(3S,4R)-3-氟-4-羟基哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (3S,4R)-3-fluoro-4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate | 1174020-40-6 | C10H18FNO3 |
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(3S)-7-溴-2,3-二氢-2-氧代-5-(2-吡啶基)-1H-1,4-苯并二氮卓-3-丙酸甲酯 | 3-[(3S)-7-bromo-2-oxo-5-(pyridin-2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-[1,4]-benzodiazepin-3-yl]propionic acid methyl ester | 308242-23-1 | C18H16BrN3O3 |
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(3S)-3-苯基吡咯烷盐酸盐 | (S)-3-phenylpyrrolidine hydrochloride | 1094670-20-8 | C10H13N*ClH |
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(3S)-3-[4-[(5-溴-2-氯苯基)甲基]苯氧基]四氢呋喃 | (S)-3-(4-(5-bromo-2-chlorobenzyl)phenoxy)tetrahydrofuran | 915095-89-5 | C17H16BrClO2 |
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(3S)-3-[4-[(2-氯-5-碘苯基)甲基]苯氧基]四氢呋喃 | (S)-3-(4-(2-chloro-5-iodobenzyl)phenoxy)tetrahydrofuran | 915095-94-2 | C17H16ClIO2 |
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(3R,7aR)-3-叔丁基-7a-乙烯基四氢-1-羟基-3H,5H-吡咯并[1,2-c]恶唑-5-酮 | (3R,7aR)-3-(tert-butyl)-1-hydroxy-7a-vinyltetrahydropyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-5(3H)-one | 1214741-21-5 | C12H19NO3 |
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(3R,5R)-3,5-二甲基-1-哌嗪羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (3R,5R)-3,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxylate | 438049-91-3 | C11H22N2O2 |
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(3R,4S)-4-甲基-3-(甲基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-D]嘧啶-4-氨基)-BETA-氧代-1-哌啶丙腈 | tofacitinib | 1092578-46-5 | C16H20N6O |
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(3R,4S)-4-[4-(苄氧基)苯基]-1-(4-氟苯基)-3-[3-(4-氟苯基)-3-氧代丙基]氮杂环丁烷-2-酮 | (3R,4S)-4-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-oxopropyl]azetidin-2-one | 190595-65-4 | C31H25F2NO3 |
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(3R,4S)-3-羟基-4-苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮 | (3R,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-phenylazetidin-2-one | 132127-34-5 | C9H9NO2 |
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(3R,4S)-3-(2-溴乙酰基)-4-乙基-1-吡咯烷羧酸苄酯 | (3R,4S)-benzyl 3-(2-bromoacetyl)-4-ethylpyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 1428243-26-8 | C16H20BrNO3 |
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(3R,4S)-1-苯甲酰-3-[(三乙基硅)氧基]-4-苯基-2-氮杂环丁酮 | (3R,4S)-1-benzoyl-4-phenyl-3-(triethylsilyl)oxy-2-azetidinone | 149249-91-2 | C22H27NO3Si |
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(3R,4S)-1-(4-氟苯基)-3-[(3S)-3-(4-氟苯基)-3-羟基丙基]-4-[4-(苯甲氧基)苯基]-2-氮杂环丁酮 | (3R,4S)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-3(S)-hydroxypropyl]-4-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-azetidinone | 163222-32-0 | C31H27F2NO3 |
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(3R,4S)-1-((苄氧羰基)-4-乙基吡咯烷-3-羧酸 | (3R,4S)-1-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-4-ethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylate | 1428243-24-6 | C15H19NO4 |
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(3R,4R,5R)-4-乙酰氨基-5-氨基-3(1-乙丙氧基)-1-环己烯-1-羧酸乙酯盐酸盐 | (-)-oseltamivir | 1402431-91-7 | C16H28N2O4 |
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(3R,4R)-3,4-二甲基-4-(3-羟基苯基)哌啶 | trans-3,4-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine | 119193-19-0 | C13H19NO |
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(3R,4R)-1-苄基-N,4-二甲基哌啶-3-胺二盐酸盐 | (3R,4R)-1-Benzyl-N,4-dimethylpiperidin-3-amine dihydrochloride | 1062580-52-2 | C14H24Cl2N2 |
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(3R,4R)-(1-苄基-4-甲基-哌啶-3-基)-甲基-(7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)-胺 | N-((3R,4R)-1-benzyl-4-methylpiperidin-3-yl)-N-methyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine | 477600-73-0 | C20H25N5 |
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(3R,3AS,6AR)-六氢呋喃并[2,3-B]呋喃-3-醇 | (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-ol | 156928-09-5 | C6H10O3 |
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(3E,13Z)-十八碳二烯-1-基乙酸酯 | (3E,13Z)-3,13-octadecadienyl acetate | 53120-26-6 | C20H36O2 |
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(3E)-7-氨基-4-氧代-3-(苯基亚肼基)-3,4-二氢-2-萘磺酸 | 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid, 7-amino-4-hydroxy-3-(phenylazo)-, monosodium salt | 6300-24-9 | C16H12N3O4S*Na |
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(3-肼基-3-氧代丙基)氨基甲酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (3-hydrazinyl-3-oxopropyl)carbamate | 42116-56-3 | C8H17N3O3 |
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(3-羟基-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-十二氢-1H-环戊并[a]菲-17-基)苯甲酸酯 | androstenediol-17-benzoate | 1175-12-8 | C26H34O3 |
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(3-甲氧基苯甲酰)乙酸乙酯 | ethyl (3-methoxybenzoyl)acetate | 27834-99-7 | C12H14O4 |
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(3-甲氧基苯基)-(4-苯基苯基)甲酮 | [1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl(3-methoxyphenyl)methanone | 79447-10-2 | C20H16O2 |
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(3-溴苯基)三苯基硅烷 | (3-bromophenyl)triphenylsilane | 185626-73-7 | C24H19BrSi |
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(3'S)-3-氯-1'-(1,1-二甲基乙基)-5,7-二氢螺[6H-环戊[B]吡啶-6,3'-[3H]吡咯并[2,3-B]吡啶]-2'(1'H)-酮 | (S)-1'-(tert-butyl)-3-chloro-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[b]pyridine-6,3'-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin]-2'(1'H)-one | 1455358-14-1 | C18H18ClN3O |
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(2,6-二氯嘧啶-4-基)甲醇 | 2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-iodopyridine | 1370534-60-3 | C5H2ClFIN |
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(2’S)-2’-脱氧-2’-氟-5-乙炔基尿苷 | 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-ethynyluracil | 95740-26-4 | C11H11FN2O5 |
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(2Z)-4-氧代-4-[3-(三氟甲基)-5,6-二氢-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡嗪-7-(8H)-基]-1-(2,4,5-三氟苯基)丁-2-酮 | 1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butane-1,3-dione | 764667-65-4 | C16H12F6N4O2 |
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(2S,5S)-5-甲基吡咯烷-2-羧酸乙酯-2,2,2-三氟乙酸盐 | (2S,5S)-ethyl 5-methylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylate 2,2,2-trifluoro acetate salt | 676560-85-3 | C2HF3O2*C8H15NO2 |
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(2S,5R)-7-氧代-6-(苯基甲氧基)-1,6-二氮杂双环[3.2.1]辛烷-2-羧酸乙酯 | (2S,5R)-ethyl 6-(benzyloxy)-7-oxo-1,6-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2-carboxylate | 1416134-63-8 | C16H20N2O4 |
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(2S,5R)-5-[(苯基甲氧基)氨基]-2-哌啶甲酰胺 | (2S,5R)-5-[(benzyloxy)amino]piperidine-2-carboxamide | 1416134-49-0 | C13H19N3O2 |
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(2S,4S)-4-氟-2-(羟甲基)吡咯烷-1-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl (2S,4S)-4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 317356-27-7 | C10H18FNO3 |
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(2S,4R)-4-叔丁氧羰基氨基吡咯烷-2-羧酸甲酯盐酸盐 | Methyl (2S,4R)-4-Boc-aminopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate hydrochloride | 913742-54-8 | C11H21ClN2O4 |
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