L-Dilinoleoyllecithin是一种磷脂酰胆碱(PC或GPCho),属于甘油磷脂类,其中的磷酸胆碱基团占据了一个甘油替换位点。与二酰甘油类似,甘油磷脂可以有多种不同长度和饱和度的脂肪酸组合在C-1和C-2位置上。最常见的脂肪酸碳链含有16、18和20个碳原子。特别是PC(18:2(9Z,12Z)/18:2(9Z,12Z)),其两个C-1和C-2位点的脂肪酸链为亚油酸,该亚油酸来源于种子油。磷脂广泛存在于自然界中,并且是细胞膜脂质双层的关键成分,还参与代谢和信号传导过程。
尽管大多数磷脂在甘油骨架的C-1位置具有饱和脂肪酸,在C-2位置则含有不饱和脂肪酸,但这些磷脂分子中的甘油C-1和C-2位点上的脂肪酸分布始终处于动态变化中。这主要是由于磷脂降解以及在膜内持续进行的磷脂重塑过程所致。
PC可以通过三条不同的途径合成:首先,通过磷酸化激活胆碱并连接到CDP上,再将其附着于磷脂酸;其次,在CDP活化的1,2-二酰甘油中添加胆碱;最后,将PS或PE转化为PC。
Phospholipids with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), which are potential lipid prodrugs, were synthesised. CLA was obtained by the alkali-isomerisation of linoleic acid and was subsequently used in the synthesis of 1,2-di(conjugated)linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in good (82 %) yield. 1-Palmitoyl-2-(conjugated)linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine was obtained by a two-step synthesis in 87 % yield. All the compounds were tested in an in vitro cytotoxicity assay against two human cancer cell lines, HL-60 and MCF-7, and a mouse fibroblast cell line, Balb/3T3. The free form of CLA exhibited the highest activity against all cancer cell lines. Results obtained for the Balb/3T3 line proved that phosphatidylcholine derivatives decreased the cytotoxic effect of CLA against healthy cell lines.