代谢
有机磷化合物的代谢主要通过氧化、通过酯酶的水解以及与谷胱甘肽反应进行。去甲基化和葡萄糖醛酸化也可能发生。有机磷农药的氧化可能导致产生中等毒性的产物。一般来说,磷酰硫酯本身并不直接有毒,但需要通过氧化代谢转化为近端毒素。谷胱甘肽转移酶反应产生的产物在大多数情况下毒性较低。对氧磷酶(PON1)是有机磷化合物代谢中的关键酶。PON1可以通过水解使一些有机磷化合物失活。PON1水解多种有机磷杀虫剂以及神经毒剂(如梭曼、沙林和VX)的活性代谢物。PON1的多态性导致该酯酶的酶水平和催化效率存在差异,这反过来表明不同个体可能更容易受到有机磷暴露的毒性影响。
Metabolism of organophosphates occurs principally by oxidation, by hydrolysis via esterases and by reaction with glutathione. Demethylation and glucuronidation may also occur. Oxidation of organophosphorus pesticides may result in moderately toxic products. In general, phosphorothioates are not directly toxic but require oxidative metabolism to the proximal toxin. The glutathione transferase reactions produce products that are, in most cases, of low toxicity. Paraoxonase (PON1) is a key enzyme in the metabolism of organophosphates. PON1 can inactivate some organophosphates through hydrolysis. PON1 hydrolyzes the active metabolites in several organophosphates insecticides as well as, nerve agents such as soman, sarin, and VX. The presence of PON1 polymorphisms causes there to be different enzyme levels and catalytic efficiency of this esterase, which in turn suggests that different individuals may be more susceptible to the toxic effect of organophosphate exposure.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)