Trinitrotoluene appears as an explosive solid. Primary hazard is from effects of a blast. Not designed to produce significant fragmentation or throw projectiles. May explode under exposure to intense heat or fire.
颜色/状态：
Monoclinic rhombohedra from alc; commercial crystals (needles) are yellow
气味：
Odorless
沸点：
240 °C (explodes)
熔点：
80.1 °C
闪点：
explodes
溶解度：
115 mg/L (at 23 °C)
密度：
1.654 at 20 °C/4 °C
蒸汽密度：
7.85 (Air = 1)
蒸汽压力：
8.02X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C
分解：
May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion. Explodes on heating to 240 °C.
The metabolism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was studied in rats, mice, rabbits, and dogs following oral, dermal, or intratracheal admin of single doses of (14)C-ring labeled compound. TNT was extensively metabolized in all species; radioactivity was excreted in urine primarily as the glucuronide conjugates. Most metabolites were reduction products including the 2- and 4-hydroxylamine and 2- and 4-monoaminodinitro and 2,6- and 4,6-diaminomononitro derivatives. Trace quantities of TNT, trinitrobenzyl alcohol, and trinitrobenzoic acid were detected occasionally.
TNT undergoes both oxidative and reductive metabolism in animals and humans. The nitro groups are reduced through intermediate hydroxylamines to amines. The methyl group can be oxidized to an alcohol and an acid, both of which can be conjugated with glucuronic acid and excreted in the urine. 4-Amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-A), 6- amino-2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 4-hydroxylamino-2,6- dinitrotoluene (4-HA) were found in the urine of rabbits fed TNT.
TNT itself as well as 2-amino-4,6- dinitrotoluene (2-A), 4-A, and 2,4-diamino-6- nitrotoluene were found in the urine of rats given TNT orally. 4-HA and 4-A were found in the urine of dogs fed TNT. 4-A, 2-A, hydroxylaminodinitrotoluenes, and diaminonitro compounds were found in the urine of TNT-exposed munitions workers.
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene rapidly and completely enters the body through inhalation or ingestion, but more slowly through the skin. Once 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is in the blood, it travels throughout the body to all of the organs. When it reaches the liver, it breaks down and changes into several different substances, such as 4-aminodinitrotoluene, 2-aminodinitrotoluene and 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene. Most of these substances travel in the blood until they reach the kidneys. Almost all of the 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene that enters the body breaks down and leaves the body in the urine within 24 hours. (L132)
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene is a competitive inhibitor with respect to NADPH and a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to L-arginine. It binds to the P450 reductase domain of the eNOS and suppresses l-citrulline formation by shunting electrons away from the normal catalytic pathway. The reduction of TNT then produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2.−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The overproduction of superoxide is associated with oxidative stress-mediated induction of cataracts. The inhibition of the eNOS activity occurs in a concentration-dependent manner. (A110, A111)
CLASSIFICATION: C; possible human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Evidence of human carcinogenicity is inadequate. Urinary bladder papilloma and carcinoma were observed in female Fischer 344 rats. Mutagenic activity was observed in Salmonella with and without metabolic activation. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: None. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Limited.
Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Overall evaluation: 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物：2,4,6-三硝基甲苯
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构（IARC）致癌物分类：第3组：无法归类其对人类致癌性
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Trinitrotoluene (TNT) absorption was assessed in workers at two explosives factories by measuring urinary concentrations of dinitroaminotoluene dinitroaminotoluene metabolites. The range of atmospheric concentrations was 0.02-5.73 mg/cu m in static samples and <0.01 to 0.71 mg/cu m in personal samples. In postshift urine samples, the mean concentration of dinitroaminotoluene was 9.7 mg/l (standard deviation= 7.9, n= 219). TNT was shown to be absorbed rapidly during the exposure period. A wide variation among individuals in the rate of clearance of TNT metabolites was seen. For the group as a whole the daily mean urinary total dinitroaminotoluene concentrations in preshift samples were lower than those in postshift samples although in some cases higher concentrations of metabolites were seen in samples taken the morning after exposure. Urine samples collected after 17 days away from the workplace still showed detectable levels of dinitroaminotoluene (mean 0.06 mg dinitroaminotoluene/l) indicating that a proportion of TNT or its metabolites is slowly excreted.
... Two surveys of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-exposed workers /were performed/. Air concentrations of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene were found to range from 0.6 to 4.0 mg/cu m. The urinary excretion of 2,6-dinitro-4-aminotoluene was 2.5 and 6.5 mg/L, respectively.
The disposition and metabolism of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was studied in rats, mice, rabbits, and dogs following oral, dermal, or intratracheal administration of single doses of 14-C-ring labeled compound. The objective was to determine possible species and sex differences as a function of route of admin as a rationale for the design of chronic studies. TNT was absorbed in all species by all routes of admin with the most extensive absorption occurring after intratracheal instillation. Dermal absorption was the highest in rabbits followed by mice, rats, and dogs. Species differences in the rate of oral absorption could not be accurately assessed. Excretion was primarily in urine and to a lesser extent in feces. Extensive biliary excretion was also noted. Blood and tissue levels in females were generally higher than in males.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
该物质可以通过吸入其气溶胶、通过皮肤接触以及摄入进入人体。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol, through the skin and by ingestion.
Synthesis of 6-nitro-4-sulfanyl-1H-indole derivatives from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
摘要：
The synthesis of 6-nitro-4-sulfanyl-1H-indoles from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is described. The first step is the nucleophilic substitution of an ortho-nitro group with a thiol to give the corresponding sulfide. The latter were transformed into the corresponding enamines upon treatment with dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF DMA). The enamines were converted into the indoles applying the Batcho Leimgruber synthetic protocol. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Efficient Palladium(0) supported on reduced graphene oxide for selective oxidation of olefins using graphene oxide as a ‘solid weak acid’
作者：Xi Gao、Jianhao Zhou、Xinhua Peng
DOI：10.1016/j.catcom.2019.01.020
日期：2019.3
Selective oxidation of olefin derivatives to ketones has made innovative development over palladium(0) supported on reduced graphene oxide. Compared to traditional Wacker oxidation, the novel method offers an economical and environment-friendly option by using graphene oxide (GO) as a ‘solid weak acid’ instead of classical homogeneous catalysts like H2SO4 and CF3COOH. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron
烯烃衍生物选择性氧化为酮的方法已在还原性氧化石墨烯上负载的钯（0）上取得了创新性的发展。与传统的Wacker氧化相比，该新方法通过使用氧化石墨烯（GO）作为“固体弱酸”，而不是像H 2 SO 4和CF 3 COOH这样的经典均相催化剂，提供了一种经济且环保的选择。Pd 0 / RGO的X射线衍射，X射线光电子能谱，扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜图像表明，在还原的氧化石墨烯的薄片结构上产生了纳米级的Pd颗粒。在最佳条件下，最多可以制备44种结构不同的酮，并具有优异的收率。
[EN] OXAZOLIDINONE DERIVATES N-SUBSTITUTED BY A TRICYCLIC RING, FOR USE AS ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS<br/>[FR] DERIVES D'OXAZOLIDINONES N-SUBSTITUES PAR UN NOYAU TRICYCLIQUE, DESTINES A ETRE UTILISES EN TANT QU'AGENTS ANTIBACTERIENS
申请人：WARNER LAMBERT CO
公开号：WO2004069245A1
公开（公告）日：2004-08-19
Compounds of formula (I) and methods for their preparation are disclosed. Further disclosed are methods of making biologically active compounds of formula (I) as well as pharmaceutically acceptable compositions comprising compounds of formula (I). Compounds of formula (I) as disclosed herein can be used in a variety of applications including use as antibacterial P is a tricyclic ring system as defined in claiml.
[EN] PYRIDIN-3-YL ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS INHIBITORS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS REPLICATION<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS D'ACIDE PYRIDIN-3-YLE ACÉTIQUE UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'INHIBITEURS DE LA RÉPLICATION DU VIRUS DE L'IMMUNODÉFICIENCE HUMAINE
申请人：VIIV HEALTHCARE UK NO 5 LTD
公开号：WO2018127800A1
公开（公告）日：2018-07-12
Disclosed are compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods for making the compounds and their use in inhibiting HIV integrase and treating those infected with HIV or AIDS. (I)
[EN] OPSIN-BINDING LIGANDS, COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE<br/>[FR] LIGANDS DE LIAISON À UNE OPSINE, COMPOSITIONS ET PROCÉDÉS D'UTILISATION
申请人：BIKAM PHARMACEUTICALS INC
公开号：WO2013058809A1
公开（公告）日：2013-04-25
Compounds are disclosed that are useful for treating ophthalmic conditions caused by or related to production of toxic visual cycle products that accumulate in the eye, such as dry adult macular degeneration, as well as conditions caused by or related to the misfolding of mutant opsin proteins and/or the mis-localization of opsin proteins. Compositions of these compounds alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents are also described, along with therapeutic methods of using such compounds and/or compositions. Methods of synthesizing such agents are also disclosed.
[EN] 8-AZA TETRACYCLINE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE 8-AZA TÉTRACYCLINE
申请人：TETRAPHASE PHARMACEUTICALS INC
公开号：WO2010129055A1
公开（公告）日：2010-11-11
The present invention is directed to a compound represented by Structural Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The variables for Structural Formula I are defined herein. Also described is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Structural Formula I and its therapeutic use.
