1,3,5-三硝基苯 | 99-35-4

• 物质功能分类: 生物化工 - 生化试剂 - 酸碱指示剂
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 苯类化合物 - 苯和取代衍生物
• 中文名称: 1,3,5-三硝基苯
• 中文别名: 1,3,5-三硝苯；均三硝基苯；间三硝基苯；对称三硝基苯；1，3，5-三铌氧基；1,3,5-三硝基苯[干的或含水<30%]
• 英文名称: TNB
• 英文别名: 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene；trinitrobenzene；1,3,5-TNB；s-trinitrobenzene；2,4,6-trinitrobenzene；2,4,6-trinitrophenol
• CAS: 99-35-4
• 化学式: C₆H₃N₃O₆
• mdl: MFCD00059179
• 分子量: 213.106
• InChiKey: UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  122°C
• 沸点：
  315°C
• 密度：
  d420 1.76; d4152 1.4775
• 闪点：
  2℃
• 溶解度：
  微溶于水；溶于乙醇
• 介电常数：
  89.0（18℃）
• 物理描述：
  "Trinitrobenzene, wetted, with not less than 10% water by mass" is a yellowish moist mass of crystals or a slurry. An explosive, but wetting lowers the risk of detonation. Dangerously explosive if allowed to dry out. The dry compound has a melting point of 122.5°C and is only slightly soluble in water (40 mg / L at 20°C). Store tightly sealed (to protect from drying out) in a cool, ventilated place, away from acute fire hazards and easily oxidized materials. May be toxic by ingestion.
• 颜色/状态：
  Yellow crystals
• 气味：
  Odorless
• 味道：
  Tasteless
• 蒸汽压力：
  6.44X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C (extrapolated)
• 分解：
  When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides/ and explodes.
• 燃烧热：
  -663.7 kg cal/g mol wt at 20 °C (solid)
• 折光率：
  Index of refraction: 1,4775 at 152 C
• 保留指数：
  284.47;285.91;287.18
• 稳定性/保质期：

  1. 稳定性：稳定。

  2. 禁配物：强氧化剂、氨、胺类等。

  3. 避免接触的条件：受热、撞击、摩擦、震动。

  4. 聚合危害：不发生聚合。

  5. 分解产物：氮氧化物。

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.2
• 重原子数：
  15
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  1.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  138
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  6

ADMET

代谢

三硝基苯（TNB）及其代谢物在大鼠生物流体中被测定，这些大鼠通过饮食接触了TNB，并确定了还原性代谢物，包括1,3-二硝基-5-苯胺（尿液）、1,3-二氨基-5-硝基苯（尿液、粪便和血液）以及1,3,5-三氨基苯（尿液和粪便）。通过气相色谱/质谱（GC/MS）方法检查的样本中没有发现TNB。在体外大鼠肝微粒体系统中研究了(14)C-TNB的代谢，发现TNB（43微克）在5分钟内被代谢。通过高效液相色谱（HPLC）未检测到母化合物和三种代谢物。两个主要峰被鉴定为3-氨基-5-硝基苯胺（3,5-二氨基-硝基苯）和3,5-二硝基苯胺，通过加标或与真实标准共洗脱。当以单次剂量口服给予Fischer大鼠(14)C-TNB（225毫克/千克）时，它与血液蛋白和组织DNA形成了稳定的加合物。血红蛋白结合在整个红细胞寿命期间持续（65天）；10周后，大量的放射性活性与脾脏和肾脏DNA相关联。

... Trinitrobenzene (TNB) and its metabolites /were determined/ in the biological fluids of rats exposed to TNB in the diet and identified reductive metabolites, 1,3-dinitro,5-aniline (urine), 1,3-diamino-5-nitrobenzene (urine, feces and blood) and 1,3,5-triaminobenzene (urine and feces). No TNB was found in the checked samples by a GC/MS method. ... The metabolism of (14)C-TNB /was studied/ in an in vitro rat liver microsomal system and found that TNB (43 ug) is metabolized in 5 minutes. No parent compound and three metabolites were detected by HPLC. The two major peaks were identified as 3-amino-5-nitroaniline (3,5-diamino-nitrobenzene) and 3,5-dinitroaniline by either spiking or coelution with authentic standards. (14)C-TNB when administered orally (single dose, 225 mg/kg) to Fischer rats formed stable adducts with blood proteins and tissue DNA. Hemoglobin binding persisted throughout the life span of red blood cells (65 days); 10 weeks later, a significant amount of radioactivity was associated with spleen and kidney DNA.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

受体细胞中的流体来自人类或大鼠皮肤，含有3,5-二硝基苯胺和1,3,5-三乙酰氨基苯。豚鼠皮肤也部分将TNB代谢为1-硝基-3,5-二乙酰胺苯和3,5-二氨基硝基苯... TNB被人类和啮齿动物皮肤吸收并代谢到相似的程度。来自雄性F344大鼠的肝微粒体产生3,5-二氨基苯作为TNB的主要代谢物。

The fluid in the receptor cell from human or rat skin contained 3,5-dinitroaniline and 1,3,5-triacetylaminobenzene. Guinea pig skin also metabolized TNB to 1-nitro-3,5-diacetamidobenzene and 3,5-diaminonitrobenzene to a minor extent ... TNB was absorbed and metabolized to a similar extent by human and rodent skin. Liver microsomes from male F344 rats produced 3,5-diaminobenzene as a major metabolite of TNB.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

1,3,5-三硝基苯已知的人类代谢物包括S-(2,4,6-三硝基环己二烯-1-基)谷胱甘肽。

1,3,5-trinitrobenzene has known human metabolites that include S-(2,4,6-trinitrocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-yl)glutathione.

来源:NORMAN Suspect List Exchange

代谢

1,3,5-三硝基苯通过口服、吸入和皮肤途径被吸收，并认为它能穿透红细胞膜。1,3,5-TNB的代谢包括氧化和还原的生物转化，随后进行结合。1,3,5-TNB代谢物的主要排泄途径是尿液。

1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene is absorbed via oral, inhalation, and dermal routes and is believed to penetrate the red blood cell membrane. The metabolism of 1,3,5-TNB includes both oxidative and reductive biotransformations, followed by conjugation. The main route of excretion of 1,3,5-TNB metabolites is the urine. (L199)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

识别和使用：1,3,5-三硝基苯（TNB）是一种固体。它被用作炸药，作为天然橡胶的硫化剂，以及作为pH 12.0-14.0的指示剂。人体研究：据称TNB导致了视神经炎和弱视。慢性中毒还据说导致了结膜或巩膜的变黄。这些中毒和眼部不适的报告来自军工行业，在那里通常会有接触多种物质的情况，很难确定具体是哪种物质引起的。TNB在TK6人类淋巴母细胞中被发现具有毒性。动物研究：雄性大鼠通过玉米油灌胃给予TNB，剂量为35.5和71 mg/kg。在单次口服剂量后5小时和24小时或每日口服剂量后4天或10天收集血液，进行了四组不同的实验。仅在单次剂量后5小时收集的血中存在剂量依赖性的高铁血红蛋白血症。在连续4天或10天接受TNB的大鼠中，存在高度显著的剂量依赖性贫血，红细胞、血红蛋白和血细胞比容减少。在TNB的90天口服毒性研究中，接受67、400和800 ppm TNB的雄性大鼠肾脏在所有处理水平上均观察到近端皮质肾小管上皮细胞细胞质透明滴状物的发生率增加。然而，由于没有显著的单个细胞坏死、没有颗粒管型或线性锥体矿化或肾小管增生增加，因此不适当诊断α-2-u-球蛋白肾病。TNB在小鼠中的90天毒性试验揭示了与处理相关的脾脏（红细胞系细胞增生）和睾丸（生精小管退化）的变化，这些变化发生在750 ppm TNB组。研究了TNB在小鼠皮肤和肺肿瘤试验中的致癌活性。将10或50 mg的TNB单次应用于小鼠皮肤，增加了炎症、表皮增生和色素细胞的发病率。TNB在皮肤致癌性的启动-促进试验中结果为阴性。在大鼠中，TNB介导的组织损伤伴随着血脑屏障的破坏。在TNB处理的大鼠中，空泡化和相关渗出的血清蛋白的存在表明了血管源性脑水肿，这似乎是TNB毒性的关键事件。在大鼠的繁殖研究中，注意到了精子减少和生精小管的退化。使用Salmonella波动试验（FT）和V79中国仓鼠肺细胞诱变试验评估了诱变性。波动试验的结果表明TNB具有诱变性。然而，TNB对于V79哺乳动物细胞来说，无论是否进行代谢激活，都不具有诱变性。生态毒性研究：在短时间暴露于100 ug/L水平的海洋鱼类Kuhlia sandvicensis时，观察到轻微的刺激作用，提示呼吸窘迫，而在1,000和10,000 ug/L的暴露下，则产生了中度和剧烈的反应。TNB的水螅试验结果表明，对成体水螅和再生水螅产生毒性反应所需的最小有效浓度分别为3.8 ug/mL和1.8 ug/mL。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene (TNB) is a solid. It is used as an explosive, as a vulcanizing agent for natural rubber, and as an indicator for pH 12.0-14.0. HUMAN STUDIES: TNB is alleged to have caused optic neuritis and amblyopia. Chronic intoxication also is said to have caused yellowing of the conjunctiva or sclera. These reports of intoxication and ocular disturbances have come from the munitions industry where commonly there is exposure to a variety of substances, and it is difficult to be sure of the individual substance responsible. TNB was found toxic in TK6 human lymphoblastic cells. ANIMAL STUDIES: Male rats were gavaged with TNB at 35.5 and 71 mg/kg in corn oil. Blood was collected 5 hr and 24 hr after a single oral dose or 24 hr after daily oral doses for 4 or 10 d in four different sets of experiments. A dose-dependent methemoglobinemia was present only in blood collected 5 hr after a single dose. A highly significant dose-dependent anemia with reduced red cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit was present in rats receiving TNB for 4 or 10 d. In a 90-day oral toxicity study of TNB, kidneys in male rats receiving TNB at dose levels of 67, 400 and 800 ppm TNB had an increased incidence of cytoplasmic hyaline droplets in proximal cortical tubular epithelial cells at all treatment levels. However, a diagnosis of alpha-2-u-globulin nephropathy was not deemed appropriate since there was no significant increase in single cell necrosis, no presence of granular casts or linear papillary mineralization or increased tubular hyperplasia. A 90-day toxicity test of TNB in mice revealed treatment-related changes in spleen (erythroid cell hyperplasia) and in testis (seminiferous tubule degeneration) in the 750 ppm TNB group. The carcinogenic activity of TNB was studied in mouse skin and lung tumor assays. A single application of 10 or 50 mg of TNB to the skin of mice increased the incidence of inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia and dark cells. TNB was found negative in assay for initiation-promotion of skin carcinogenicity. In rats, TNB-mediated tissue damage is accompanied by breakdown of the blood-brain barrier. The presence of vacuolation and associated extravasated serum proteins in TNB-treated rats is an indication of vasogenic brain edema, which appears to be a critical event in TNB toxicity. Sperm depletion and degeneration of the seminiferous tubules were noted in a reproduction study in rats. Mutagenicity was evaluated with the Salmonella fluctuation test (FT) and the V79 Chinese hamster lung cell mutagenicity assay. The fluctuation test results indicated that TNB was mutagenic. However, TNB was not mutagenic for the V79 mammalian cells with or without metabolic activation. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Slight irritant effects suggesting respiratory distress upon short term exposure to marine fish Kuhlia sandvicensis were observed at exposure levels of 100 ug/L, while moderate and violent reactions to the chemical were produced at exposures of 1,000 and 10,000 ug/L. Results from the hydra assay of TNB indicated the minimal affective concentrations required to elicit a toxic response in the adult hydra and in the regenerating hydra were 3.8 ug/mL and 1.8 ug/mL, respectively.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

在红细胞中，1,3,5-TNB可诱导高铁血红蛋白的形成，导致发绀。1,3,5-TNB的硝基团还原产生了反应性的硝基芳香自由基阴离子，这些自由基阴离子通过氧化还原循环产生其他活性物质，如超氧阴离子。这些中间体的氧化还原循环可能是导致高铁血红蛋白血症的原因。1,3,5-TNB还可能通过损害血脑屏障发挥神经毒性作用。(L199, A136)

In the red blood cell, 1,3,5-TNB induces formation of methemoglobin, leading to cyanosis. Reduction of the nitrogroup(s) of 1,3,5-TNB produces reactive nitroaromatic radical anions which redox cycle to produce other reactive species such as superoxide anion. Redox cycling of these intermediates probably causes the methemoglobinemia. 1,3,5-TNB may also exert neurotoxic effects by damaging the blood-brain barrier.(L199, A136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

对人类不具有致癌性（未被国际癌症研究机构IARC列名）。

No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

长期暴露于1,3,5-三硝基苯会导致红细胞数量减少（或丧失）（贫血）。1,3,5-TNB还可能具有神经毒性作用。（L199，A136）

Chronic exposure to 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene can cause a reduction (or loss) in the number of red blood cells (anemia). 1,3,5-TNB may also have neurotoxic effects. (L199, A136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L199）；吸入（L199）；皮肤给药（L199）

Oral (L199); inhalation (L199) ; dermal (L199)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

吸收、分配和排泄

对狗进行的急性口服毒性研究表明，三硝基苯通过此途径被有效吸收。

Acute oral toxicity studies conducted with dogs indicate that trinitrobenzene is effectively absorbed by this route.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

雄性威斯大鼠经腹膜内注射100微摩尔/千克体重（21.3毫克/千克）的TNB（溶于丙二醇中）后，在大约5小时后通过尿液排出了大约3.24-3.42毫克的对氨基酚当量/千克。由于这些水平是仅接受载药处理的动物基础线水平的两倍，因此得出结论，TNB的吸收和代谢是缓慢的。研究中没有包括关于TNB沉积的额外细节。

Male Wistar rats injected intraperitoneally with 100 umol/kg body weight (21.3 mg/kg) of TNB (in propylene glycol) excreted approximately 3.24-3.42 mg p-aminophenol equivalents per kilogram in the urine 5 hours after dosing... Since these levels were twice the base line levels excreted by vehicle-only treated animals, it was concluded that absorption and metabolism of TNB is slow. Additional details on TNB deposition were not included in the study.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

三硝基苯（TNB）的毒物动力学（吸收、分布和消除）在给予Fischer 344大鼠单次口服剂量后进行了研究。雄性（4只）和雌性（4只）大鼠以DMSO为溶剂口服给予了（14）C-TNB（152 mg/kg，6-8 mCi）。在实验中，每组使用2只雄性和2只雌性大鼠来确定通过呼出CO2消除（14）C-TNB。在大鼠口服（14）C-TNB后24、48、72和96小时测量尿液和粪便中的（14）C-TNB水平。在大鼠口服后的前24小时内，大约10%的剂量通过尿液排出。在大鼠口服后4天内，分别有大约21%和36%的剂量出现在雄性和雌性大鼠的尿液中。在同一时期，通过粪便排出的比例大约为4%，在两个性别中都是如此。在大鼠口服后2天内，通过呼出的（14）C- 分别约占剂量的3%和5%。治疗4天后，肝脏、肾脏、皮肤和肺部的放射性残留物约为0.02-0.03%/g组织，而其他组织的残留物水平较低（约为0.001%/g或更少）。结果表明，大鼠单次剂量给予的TNB在肠道被吸收（以DMSO为溶剂），在4天内主要通过尿液排出，粪便中含量较低。本研究的结果未显示TNB在大鼠体内有生物累积现象。

The toxicokinetics (absorption, distribution and elimination) of (14)C-trinitrobenzene (TNB) were studied in Fischer 344 rats following a single oral dose. Male (4) and female (4) rats were dosed with (14)C-TNB (152 mg/kg, 6-8 mCi) in DMSO. Groups of 2 male and 2 female rats were used in experiments to determine (14)C-TNB elimination through expired CO2. (14)C-TNB levels in urine and feces were measured at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after dosing. Approximately 10% of the dose was eliminated in the urine of male and female rats in the first 24 hours. Approximately 21% and 36% of the dose appeared in the urine in 4 days in male and female rats, respectively. Excretion via feces was approximately 4% in the same period in both sexes. The expired (14)C-CO2 was about 3% and 5% of the dose in 2 days in male and female rats, respectively. At 4 days after treatment, the radioactive residues were about 0.02-0.03%/g of tissue in the liver, kidney, skin and lungs, whereas other tissues showed lower levels of residues (about 0.001%/g or less). The results showed that a single dose of TNB in the rat was absorbed in the gut (administered in DMSO) and was eliminated mainly in the urine, with low levels in feces in 4 days. The results from this study did not show bioaccumulation of TNB in rats.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

1,3,5-三硝基苯（TNB）的经皮吸收在无毛豚鼠（HGP）、Fischer 344大鼠和人类活体皮肤上进行了研究。将皮肤用皮肤切片机切成薄片并组装在流动扩散池中，然后分别用丙酮或水作为载体涂抹TNB。皮肤吸收以24小时内进入皮肤和受体液中的应用剂量的百分比表示。使用两种载体在大鼠皮肤上都获得了TNB的快速吸收。对于HGP皮肤，丙酮载体中TNB的吸收为72.7±5.5%，水载体中为82.3±4.5%。对于大鼠皮肤，丙酮中TNB的吸收为61.0±4.1%，水中为66.5±4.1%。从丙酮中吸收TNB在人类皮肤中显著减少（38.0±11.0%，P = 0.0118），但从水中吸收仍然很高（75.5±10.8%）。当使用薄（200微米）的皮肤切片时，皮肤中几乎没有TNB残留（HGP和人类皮肤）。有毛大鼠皮肤需要更厚的切片（350微米），24小时内13-21%的吸收放射性物质残留在皮肤中。当TNB的吸收通过挥发性溶剂的应用而减少时，大鼠皮肤并不能满意地模拟人类皮肤的屏障性质。

The percutaneous absorption of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB) was studied in viable skin from hairless guinea pigs (HGP), Fischer 344 rats and humans. Skin was dermatomed and assembled in flow-through diffusion cells followed by TNB application in either an acetone or a water vehicle. Skin absorption was expressed as the percentage of applied dose absorbed into skin and receptor fluid within 24 hr. Rapid absorption of TNB by rodent skin was obtained with both vehicles. For HGP skin, TNB absorption was 72.7+/-5.5% in the acetone vehicle and 82.3+/-4.5% in the water vehicle. For rat skin, TNB absorption was 61.0+/-4.1% (acetone) and 66.5+/-4.1% (water). Absorption of TNB from acetone was significantly reduced (38.0+/-11.0%, P = 0.0118) in human skin, but absorption from water remained high (75.5+/-10.8%). Little TNB remained in skin when a thin (200 um) dermatome section was used (HGP and human skin). A thicker dermatome section was required (350 um) with haired rat skin, and 13-21% of the absorbed radioactivity remained in the skin at 24 hr. Rodent skin did not simulate satisfactorily the barrier properties of human skin when TNB absorption was reduced by application in a volatile solvent.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  1.1D
• 危险品标志：
  E,N,T,F,T+
• 安全说明：
  S16,S23,S24/25,S27,S35,S36/37,S45,S53,S60,S61
• 危险类别码：
  R1
• RTECS号：
  DC3850000
• 海关编码：
  2904209090
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  1.1D
• 危险品运输编号：
  1354
• 储存条件：
  储存注意事项： - 储存于阴凉、干燥、通风的爆炸品专用库房。 - 库温不超过32℃，相对湿度不超过80%。 - 若含有水作稳定剂，则库温不低于1℃，相对湿度小于80%。 - 远离火种、热源。 - 与氧化剂、还原剂、活性金属粉末、碱类分开存放，切忌混储。 - 使用防爆型照明和通风设施。 - 禁止使用易产生火花的机械设备和工具。 - 储区应备有合适的材料收容泄漏物。 - 禁止震动、撞击和摩擦。

SDS

国标编号:	11054
ＣＡＳ:	99-35-4
中文名称:	1，3，5-三硝基苯
英文名称:	1,3,5-trinitrobenzene(dry or wetted with less than 30% water,by mass);TNB
别 名:	对称三硝基苯
分子式:	C 6 H 3 N 3 O 6 ；C 6 H 3 (NO 2 ) 3
分子量:	213.11
熔 点:	123℃ 沸点：315℃/分
密 度:	相对密度(水=1)1.76
蒸汽压:	175℃
溶解性:	不溶于水，微溶于热乙醇，易溶于乙醚、丙酮、苯
稳定性:	稳定
外观与性状:	白色或黄色斜方结晶
危险标记:	1(爆炸品)
用 途:	用于制造猛性炸药

2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害

侵入途径：吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害：对动物，有形成高铁血红蛋白作用，可致肝脏及中枢神经系统损害，引起呼吸困难。

二、毒理学资料及环境行为

急性毒性：LD50280mg/kg(大鼠经口)；572mg/kg(小鼠经口)
致突变性：微生物致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌10μg/皿。微粒体致突变：鼠伤寒沙门氏菌10μg/皿。

危险特性：加热至120℃以上时，会发生放热分解。遇火焰或火花迅速燃烧。受到撞击、摩擦震动或在密封状态下受热会发生爆炸。与氧化剂接触会猛烈反应。
燃烧(分解)产物：一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氧化氮。

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3.现场应急监测方法:

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4.实验室监测方法:
土壤中弹药残留物提取技术的比较[刊,英]/Fenkins T.F.；Grant C.L.//Anal.Chem.-1987,59(9).-1326～1331 《分析化学文摘 》1989.1.

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5.环境标准:
中国(TJ36-79)车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 1mg/m3 [皮]
前苏联 水体中有害物质的最大容许浓度 0.4mg/L

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6.应急处理处置方法:
一、泄漏应急处理

隔离泄漏污染区，限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给式呼吸器，穿一般作业工作服。不要直接接触泄漏物。避免震动、撞击和摩擦。小量泄漏：使用无火花工具运至废物处理场所处置。也可以用大量水冲洗，洗水稀释后放入废水系统。大量泄漏：用润湿，然后收集、回收或运至废物处理场所处置。
废弃物处置方法：用焚烧法。废料溶于易燃溶剂后喷入焚烧炉焚烧，焚烧炉要有后燃烧室，焚烧炉排出的氧化通过洗涤器除去有害成分。

二、防护措施

呼吸系统防护：空气中粉尘浓度超标时，佩戴自吸过滤式防尘口罩。紧急事态抢救或撤离时，应该佩戴空气呼吸器。
眼睛防护：戴化学安全防护眼镜。
身体防护：穿紧袖工作服，长筒胶鞋。
手防护：戴橡胶手套。
其它：工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮水。工作毕，淋浴更衣。保持良好的卫生习惯。实行就业前和定期的体检。

三、急救措施

皮肤接触：脱去被污染的衣着，用肥皂水和清水彻底冲洗皮肤。就医。
眼睛接触：提起眼睑，用流动清水或生理盐水冲洗。
吸入：迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难，给输氧。如呼吸停止，立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入：饮足量温水，催吐，就医。

灭火方法：消防人员须在有防爆掩蔽处操作。遇大火切勿轻易接近。灭火剂：雾状水。禁止用砂土压盖。

制备方法与用途

用途 可用作炸药，其爆炸性能与梯恩梯和苦味酸相似。

类别：爆炸物品

毒性分级：高毒

急性毒性：

• 大鼠口服 LD50: 275 毫克/千克；
• 小鼠口服 LD50: 572 毫克/千克。

刺激数据：

• 兔子眼睛接触 100 毫克，导致重度刺激。

爆炸物危险特性： 高热、震动、撞击或摩擦均可引发爆炸。

可燃性危险特性： 燃烧时产生有毒氮氧化物烟雾。

储运特性： 轻装轻放；库房需保持通风，远离明火、高温及阳光，并与氧化剂、碱类和食品原料分开存放。

灭火剂：使用水。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  1,3,5-三硝基苯 520.0 ℃ 、4.05 MPa 条件下， 生成 alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Thermal decomposition of energetic materials. 61. Perfidy in the amino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene series of explosives

  摘要：

  The numerous electronic, molecular, crystal, and explosive variables in the series 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (TNB), 2,4,6-trinitroaniline (MATB), diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (DATB), and triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) give 153 nearly linear correlations. While some of these positive correlations have been cited previously as important, the molecular mechanism of the trend in the shock and impact sensitivity remains unclear because these correlations disguise the fact that significant differences exist in the critical thermal reactions. Arrhenius data suggest that C-NO2 homolysis is the initial decomposition reaction during impact and shock initiation in all cases. The lower activation energy cyclization process of MATB, DATB, and TATB to furazan/furoxan products can be overstepped at shock and impact initiation temperatures. However, C-NO2 homolysis does not account for the trend in sensitivity because the activation energy is relatively insensitive to the ring substituents. The trend in energy released by the intermediate reactions as reflected in the gaseous product distribution of TNB, MATB, DATB, and TATB at 520-degrees-C appears to be important. The contribution to the total beat from the exothermic products (CO, CO2, HNCO) decreases and that from the endothermic products (NO, N2O, HCN) increases as NH2 groups are added.

  DOI：

  10.1021/j100136a017
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  N-Hydroxy-3,5-dinitroaniline 在 臭氧 作用下， 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂， 反应 0.42h， 以100%的产率得到1,3,5-三硝基苯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Synthesis of polynitrobenzenes. Oxidation of polynitroanilines and their N-hydroxy, N-methoxy, and N-acetyl derivatives

  摘要：

  DOI：

  10.1021/jo00177a023
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  对甲基苯甲醛 、 三氯乙酸 在 1,3,5-三硝基苯 作用下， 生成 1-(4-甲基苯基)-2,2,2-三氯乙醇
  参考文献：
  名称：

  三卤代甲基阴离子与羰基化合物的反应：竞争反应性比较及其在α-三卤代甲醇合成中的应用

  摘要：

  三卤代乙酸和三溴代乙酸在二甲基亚砜溶液中脱羧生成的三卤代甲基阴离子与添加的醛反应。在1,3,5-三硝基苯存在下，与醛的反应与有色迈森海默加合物的形成竞争。从不存在醛的情况下吸光度值的降低，已被用于测量三卤代甲基阴离子对一系列醛的反应性（相对于其对三硝基苯的反应性）。对于4-取代的苯甲醛，其反应性服从线性ρσ–关系。使用的最具反应性的醛与CCl 3 –或CBr 3 –的反应性仅低两倍结论是，在二甲基亚砜溶液中，三氯甲基阴离子与氢离子之间的反应不受控制。与醛的反应已经用于制备式RCH（OY）CX 3的几种新化合物，其中R ＝芳基或吡啶基，X ＝ Br或Cl，且Y ＝ H或COCH 3。

  DOI：

  10.1039/p29840001247

文献信息

• An ESR and ENDOR study of intramolecular and intermolecular addition reactions of benzoyl and substituted benzoyl radicals to nitroaromatic compounds. A two-step oxygen atom abstraction reaction.
  作者：Edward G. Janzen、Uwe M. Oehler

  DOI：10.1016/s0040-4039(00)81494-x

  日期：1983.1

  Persistent cyclic acyloxy aminoxyl radicals can be obtained by intramolecular trapping of benzoyl radicals by adjacent aromatic nitro groups whereas analogous intermolecular acyloxy adducts decay by NO cleavage to give C-nitroso compounds and ultimately acyl aminoxyls.

  可以通过相邻的芳族硝基分子内俘获苯甲酰基而获得持久的环酰氧基氨基甲氧基，而类似的分子间酰氧基加合物则通过N = O裂解而衰减，从而得到C-亚硝基化合物，最终得到酰基氨基甲氧基。
• Masked acylation of m-dinitrobenzene and derivatives with nitroalkanes under basic conditions: Nitromethylation and α-(hydroxyimino)alkylation
  作者：Takehiko Kawakami、Hitomi Suzuki

  DOI：10.1016/s0040-4039(98)02552-0

  日期：1999.2

  m-Dinitrobenzene and derivatives react with nitromethane or some other primary nitroalkanes in the presence of lithium tert-butoxide in 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolizinone (DMI) at room temperature, giving the corresponding 4-nitromethyl and 4-[1-(hydroxyimino)alkyl] derivatives, respectively, in moderate yields. These products are smoothly converted to the corresponding carbonyl compounds by oxidative

  米-Dinitrobenzene和衍生物与硝基甲烷或在锂存在其他一些初级硝基烷反应，叔丁醇中在室温下的1,3-二甲基-2- imidazolizinone（DMI），得到相应的4-硝基和4- [1- （羟基亚氨基）烷基]衍生物分别以适中的产率。使用臭氧化的氧通过氧化Nef反应将这些产物平稳地转化为相应的羰基化合物。
• METHOD FOR INHIBITING INFLAMMATION and PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINE/CHEMOKINE EXPRESSION USING A GHRELIN ANALOGUE
  申请人：Ipsen Pharma S.A.S.

  公开号：US20160206700A1

  公开（公告）日：2016-07-21

  The present invention provides a method of ameliorating inflammation, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine and/or chemokine expression and treating various diseases and/or conditions incidental to the onset of inflammation, in a subject in need of treatment for such conditions, by administering select analogues of native hGhrelin.

  本发明提供了一种改善炎症、抑制促炎细胞因子和/或趋化因子表达以及治疗与炎症发作相关的各种疾病和/或病况的方法，通过给予选择性的天然hGhrelin类似物来治疗需要治疗此类病况的受试者。
• Ethyl Acetate as a Pro-Reducing Agent in an One-Pot Reductive Deamination of Nitroanilines
  作者：Valeriy A. Bacherikov、May-Jane Wang、Shu-Yun Cheng、Ching-Huang Chen、Kuo-Tung Chen、Tsann-Long Su

  DOI：10.1246/bcsj.77.1027

  日期：2004.5

  The one-pot reductive deamination of mono or dinitro substituted anilines to the corresponding nitrobenzenes by using ethyl acetate or ethanol was compared. It revealed that ethyl acetate is more s...

  比较了使用乙酸乙酯或乙醇将单或二硝基取代的苯胺一锅还原脱氨基为相应的硝基苯。结果表明，乙酸乙酯更...
• Steric hindrance as a key factor on proton transfer in the σ-adduct forming reactions of o-substituted anilines with 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in dimethylsulfoxide
  作者：Basim H. Asghar

  DOI：10.1007/s00706-008-0913-5

  日期：2008.10

  Kinetic and equilibrium studies are reported of the reactions of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene ( TNB ) with a series of o -substituted anilines in dimethyl sulfoxide ( DMSO ) in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2.]octane ( DABCO ). The pK a values in DMSO for the aniline derivatives were measured using the proton-transfer equilibrium with 2,4-dinitrophenol. Kinetic studies are compatible with a two-step

  动力学和平衡研究报告了1,3,5-三硝基苯（ TNB ）与一系列 邻 取代苯胺在二甲亚砜（ DMSO ）中在1,4-二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷存在下的反应。 （ DABCO ）。使用与2,4-二硝基苯酚的质子转移平衡来测量 DMSO 中苯胺衍生物的 pK a 值 。动力学研究与两步过程兼容，该过程涉及胺对 TNB 的初始亲核攻击， 从而生成两性离子中间体，该中间体可能将酸性质子转移至 DABCO 产生阴离子产物。结果表明在涉及2，6-二取代苯胺的反应中，质子转移存在空间位阻。

表征谱图