激动剂和抑制剂
在生物化学和药物化学领域中,激动剂和抑制剂是调节受体活性的重要分子类型。
激动剂:激动剂是指能够与特定受体结合并激活该受体,从而引起细胞内信号传递的化合物。它们通过与受体的特定位点相互作用,模拟天然配体的功能,导致生物效应的发生或增强。根据其对受体的作用机制不同,激动剂可以分为完全激动剂和部分激动剂。
完全激动剂:能够完全激活受体,达到最大生物活性。
部分激动剂:仅能部分地激活受体,即使在高浓度下也不表现出最大效应。
抑制剂:抑制剂则是相反的一类分子,它们通过与受体或其相关蛋白质结合来阻止信号传导过程。根据作用机制的不同,可以分为竞争性抑制剂和非竞争性抑制剂。
竞争性抑制剂:这些物质通过占据活性位点而减少激动剂的结合能力,通常可以通过增加激动剂浓度来克服这种抑制效应。
非竞争性抑制剂:这类抑制剂不依赖于受体结合部位,而是通过其他方式干扰信号传递,如改变受体构象或直接与G蛋白相互作用。
在药物研发过程中,激动剂和抑制剂的研究至关重要。它们不仅用于治疗疾病,还可以帮助理解生物系统的工作原理。例如,在神经科学领域,激动剂可以被用作治疗抑郁、焦虑等精神疾病的药物;而在癌症研究中,则可能使用抑制剂来阻断促进肿瘤生长的信号通路。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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(8S,10S)-8-乙酰基-7,8,9,10-四氢-6,8,11-三羟基-1-甲氧基-10-[[2,3,6-三脱氧-3-[[[[4-(beta-D-吡喃半乳糖基氧基)-3-硝基苯基]甲氧基]羰基]氨基]-alpha-L-来苏-己糖吡喃糖苷]氧基]-5,12-并四苯醌 | [3-Nitro-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]methyl N-[(2S,3S,4S,6R)-6-[[(1S,3S)-3-acetyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-2,4-dihydro-1H-tetracen-1-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-2-methyloxan-4-yl]carbamate | 290304-24-4 | C41H44N2O20 |
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(8R,9S)-5-氟-8-(4-氟苯基)-2,7,8,9-四氢-9-(1-甲基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)-3H-吡啶并[4,3,2-de]酞嗪-3-酮 | (8R,9S)-5-fluoro-8-(4-fluorophenyl)-9-(1-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)-8,9-dihydro-2H-pyrido[4,3 ,2-de] phthalazin-3(7H)-one | 1207456-00-5 | C19H14F2N6O |
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(6aR)-3-异丙基-1-(甲基磺酰基)-4-[(2E)-4-(1-哌啶基)-2-丁烯酰]六氢吡咯并[3,2-b]吡咯-2(1H)-酮盐酸盐(1:1) | Pyrrolo(3,2-b)pyrrol-2(1H)-one, hexahydro-3-(1-methylethyl)-1-(methylsulfonyl)-4-((2E)-1-oxo-4-(1-piperidinyl)-2-butenyl)-, (3S,3aS,6aR)- | 198062-54-3 | C19H31N3O4S |
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(6R)-6-[[[(4-氯苯基)磺酰基]氨基]-5,6,7,8-四氢-2-甲基-1-萘丙酸 | Terutroban | 165538-40-9 | C20H22ClNO4S |
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(5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-N-环丙基-5,8,11,14-二十碳四烯酰胺 | arachidonylcyclopropylamide | 229021-64-1 | C23H37NO |
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(5R)-5-[(7-氯-1H-吲哚-3-基)甲基]-3-甲基-2,4-咪唑烷二酮 | (R)-5-((7-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-3-methylimidazolidine-2,4-dione | 852391-19-6 | C13H12ClN3O2 |
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(5-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-2-基)苯基甲酮 | (5-methoxy-1H-indol-2-yl)(phenyl)methanone | 74588-78-6 | C16H13NO2 |
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(4R)-甘氨酰基-4-(苯甲酰基氨基)-L-脯氨酸盐酸盐 | Danegaptide hydrochloride | 943133-81-1 | C14H17N3O4*ClH |
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(4-环丙基哌嗪-1-基)-[4-(吗啉-4-基甲基)苯基]甲酮 | Bavisant | 929622-08-2 | C19H27N3O2 |
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(4-溴苯基)[2-氟-4-[[6-(甲基-2-丙烯基氨基)己基]氧基]苯基]甲酮 | [4-[6-(allyl-methyl-amino)-hexyloxy]-2-fluoro-phenyl]-(4-bromo-phenyl)-methanone | 161582-11-2 | C23H27BrFNO2 |
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(3aR,4S,7aR)-八氢-4-羟基-4-[2-(3-甲基苯基)乙炔基]-1H-吲哚-1-羧酸甲酯 | mavoglurant | 543906-09-8 | C19H23NO3 |
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(3S-反式)-1,4-二氢-7-[3-甲氧基-4-(甲基氨基)-1-吡咯烷基]-4-氧代-1-(2-噻唑基)-1,8-萘啶-3-羧酸单盐酸盐 | AG-7352 hydrochloride | 175519-16-1 | C18H19N5O4S*ClH |
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(3S,5R,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-17-(3-呋喃基)-10,13-二甲基-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,15,16-十二氢-1H-环戊二烯并[a]菲-3,14,17-三酚 | 17-β-(3-furyl)-5-β-androstane-3-β, 14-β, 17-α-triol | 156722-18-8 | C23H34O4 |
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(3S)-N-[2-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙氧基]-4-(1H-吡唑-4-基)苯基]-3,4-二氢-6-甲氧基-2H-1-苯并吡喃-3-甲酰胺 | Chroman 1 | 1273579-40-0 | C24H28N4O4 |
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(3S)-2-(2,2-二苯基乙酰基)-1,2,3,4-四氢-6-甲氧基-5-苄氧基-3-异喹啉羧酸 | EMA401 | 1316755-16-4 | C32H29NO5 |
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(3R,4R)-4-氨基-1-[[4-[(3-甲氧基苯基)氨基]吡咯并[2,1-f][1,2,4]三嗪-5-基]甲基]哌啶-3-醇 | BMS-690514 | 859853-30-8 | C19H24N6O2 |
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(3R)-N-[5-氯-4-(5-氟-2-甲氧基苯基)-2-吡啶基]-3-哌啶甲酰胺 | (3R)-N-[5-chloro-4-(5-fluoro-2-methoxyphenyl)pyridin-2-yl]piperidine-3-carboxamide | 1269815-17-9 | C18H19ClFN3O2 |
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(3R)-1,2,3,4-四氢-7-羟基-N-[(1S)-1-[[(3R,4R)-4-(3-羟基苯基)-3,4-二甲基-1-哌啶基]甲基]-2-甲基丙基]-3-异喹啉甲酰胺盐酸盐 | JDTic dihydrochloride | 785835-79-2 | C28H41Cl2N3O3 |
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(3E)-5-氯-3-[[5-[3-[(六氢-4-甲基-1H-14-二氮杂革-1-基)羰基]苯基]-2-呋喃]亚甲基]-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮 | CX-6258 | 1202916-90-2 | C26H24ClN3O3 |
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(2S,5R)-5-(4-((2-氟苄基)氧基)苯基)吡咯烷-2-甲酰胺盐酸盐 | (5R)-5-(4-{[(2-fluorophenyl)methyl]oxy}phenyl)-L-prolinamide hydrochloride | 934240-31-0 | C18H19FN2O2*ClH |
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(2S,4R)-1-(2-氨基乙酰基)-4-苯甲酰胺吡咯烷-2-甲酸 | (2S,4R)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)-4-benzoylamino-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid | 943134-39-2 | C14H17N3O4 |
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(2S,3S,4R,5R)-2-(4-氨基-5H-吡咯并[3,2-D]嘧啶-7-基)-5-(羟基甲基)-3,4-吡咯烷二醇单盐酸盐 | (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2-(4-amino-5H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-7-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine-3,4-diol dihydrochloride | 222631-44-9 | C11H15N5O3*2ClH |
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(2S,3S)-3-[[3-(异丙基)-7-[(苯基甲基)氨基]吡唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶-5-基]氨基]-1,2,4-丁三醇 | BS-194 | 1092443-55-4 | C20H27N5O3 |
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(2S,3S)-2-(3-氯苯基)-3,5,5-三甲基吗啉-2-醇 | radafaxine | 192374-14-4 | C13H18ClNO2 |
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(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-(4-氯-3-(4-乙氧基苄基)苯基)-6-(甲基硫代)四氢-2H-吡喃-3,4,5-三醇 | sotagliflozin | 1018899-04-1 | C21H25ClO5S |
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(2S)-N6,N6,2-三甲基-1,2-二氢-1,3,5-三嗪-4,6-二胺 | Imeglimin | 775351-65-0 | C6H13N5 |
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(2S)-N-[(1R)-1-(1,3-苯并二氧戊环-5-基)丁基]-3,3-二乙基-2-[4-[(4-甲基-1-哌嗪基)羰基]苯氧基]-4-氧代-1-氮杂环丁烷甲酰胺 | L-694,458 | 157341-41-8 | C31H40N4O6 |
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(2S)-2-氨基-2-[(1S,2S)-2-羧基环丙-1-基]-3-(吨-9-基)丙酸 | 2-[(1S,2S)-2-carboxycyclopropyl]-3-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)-D-alanine | 201943-63-7 | C20H19NO5 |
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(2S)-2-[[((2S)-6,8-二氟-1,2,3,4-四氢-2-萘基]氨基]-N-[1-[2-[(2,2-二甲基丙基))氨基]-1,1-二甲基乙基]-1H-咪唑-4-基]戊酰胺二氢溴化物 | Nirogacestat Hydrobromide | 1962925-29-6 | C27H43Br2F2N5O |
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(2S)-2-(3-氨基丙基)-5-(2,5-二氟苯基)-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-2-苯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-3(2H)-甲酰胺 | filanesib | 885060-09-3 | C20H22F2N4O2S |
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(2S)-2-((4-(((2,7-二甲基-4-氧代-1,4-二氢喹唑啉-6-基)甲基)(丙-2-炔基)氨基)-2-氟苯甲酰)氨基)-4-(1H-四唑-5-基)丁酸 | narlaprevir | 865466-24-6 | C36H61N5O7S |
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(2R,4S)-N-[1-[3,5-双(三氟甲基)苯甲酰]-2-(4-氯苄基)哌啶-4-基]喹啉-4-甲酰胺 | (2R,4S)-N-[1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzoyl)-2-(4-chlorobenzyl)-4-piperidinyl]quinoline-4-carboxamide | 177707-12-9 | C31H24ClF6N3O2 |
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(2R,4'R,8'aR)-1-[2-[4-[[2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酰基]氨基]苯基]乙酰基]四氢-6'-氧代螺[吡咯烷-2,7'(6'H)-[2H]吡咯并[2,1-b][1,3]噻嗪]-4'-甲酰胺 | ST2825 | 894787-30-5 | C27H28Cl2N4O5S |
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(2R,3R,4R,5S)-1-丁基-2-(羟基甲基)-3,4,5-哌啶三醇盐酸盐(1:1) | miglustat hydrochloride | 210110-90-0 | C10H21NO4*ClH |
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(2R,2'R,3R,3'R,4S,4'S,5R,5'R,6S,6'S)-6,6'-硫代双(4-(4-(3-氟苯基)-1H-1,-1H-1,2,3-三唑-1-基)-2-(羟甲基)四氢-2H-吡喃-3,5-二醇) | TD139 | 1450824-22-2 | C28H30F2N6O8S |
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(2R)-2-[[6-[[(5-甲基噻吩-2-基)甲基]氨基]-9-丙基-9H-嘌呤-2-基]氨基]丁烷-1-醇 | (2R)-2-[(6-{[(5-methylthiophen-2-yl)methyl]amino}-9-propyl-9H-purin-2-yl)amino]butan-1-ol | 1402821-41-3 | C18H26N6OS |
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(2R)-2-(3-氨基丙基)-5-(2,5-二氟苯基)-N-甲氧基-N-甲基-2-苯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-3(2H)-甲酰胺 | (R)-Filanesib | 885060-08-2 | C20H22F2N4O2S |
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(2R)-2,4-二甲基-1-哌嗪羧酸 4-[(3-氯-2-氟苯基)氨基]-7-甲氧基-6-喹唑啉基酯 | AZD3759 | 1626387-80-1 | C22H23ClFN5O3 |
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(2R)-1-[[[4-氯-2-(脲基)苯氧基]甲基]羰基]-2-甲基-4-(4-氟苄基)哌嗪 | 1-(5-chloro-2-{2-[(2R)-4-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl]-2-oxoethoxy}phenyl)urea | 217645-70-0 | C21H24ClFN4O3 |
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(2E,5E)-2,5-二(2-噻吩基亚甲基)环戊酮 | CCT007093 | 176957-55-4 | C15H12OS2 |
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(2E,2'E)-1,1'-环己基亚基二[3-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)-2-丙烯-1-酮] | FLLL32 | 1226895-15-3 | C28H32O6 |
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(2E)-N-甲基-N-[(3-甲基-2-苯并呋喃基)甲基]-3-(5,6,7,8-四氢-7-氧代-1,8-萘啶-3-基)-2-丙烯酰胺 | (2E)-N-methyl-N-[(3-methyl-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]-3-(7-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,8-naphthyridin-3-yl)prop-2-enamide | 620175-39-5 | C22H21N3O3 |
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(2E)-3-苯基-N-[2,2,2-三氯-1-[[[(4-氯苯基)氨基]硫代甲酰基]氨基]乙基]-2-丙烯酰胺 | (E)-3-phenyl-N-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamothioylamino]ethyl]prop-2-enamide | 301359-91-1 | C18H15Cl4N3OS |
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(2E)-3-(4-溴苯基)-1-[4--4-甲氧基苯甲酰基)-1-哌嗪基]-2-丙烯-1-酮 | NIBR189 | 1599432-08-2 | C21H21BrN2O3 |
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(2E)-2-氰基-3-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-N-苯基-2-丙烯酰胺 | α-cyano-(3,4-dihydroxy)-N-phenylcinnamide | 133550-35-3 | C16H12N2O3 |
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(2-羟苯基)(吡咯烷-1-基)甲硫酮 | o-hydroxythiobenzopyrrolidide | 84783-01-7 | C11H13NOS |
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(1S)-2-苯基-1-(1,3-噻唑-2-基)乙胺盐酸盐 | Doe hydrochloride | 135383-60-7 | C11H12N2S*ClH |
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(1S)-1,5-脱水-1-C-[4-氯-3-[[4-[2-(环丙氧基)乙氧基]苯基]甲基]苯基]-D-山梨醇 | bexagliflozin | 1118567-05-7 | C24H29ClO7 |
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(1R,2S)-2-环己基-1-(4-(环丙基磺酰基)苯基)-N-(5-((2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙基)硫代)噻唑-2-基)环丙烷羧酰胺 | LY2608204 | 1234703-40-2 | C28H37N3O3S3 |
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(1R,2R,3S,3AR,8BS)-6-[[(2S,3R,6R)-6-[(1R)-1,2-二羟基乙基]-3-甲氧基-1,4-二氧己环-2-基]氧基]-2,3,3A,8B-四氢-1,8B-二羟基-8-甲氧基-3A-(4-甲氧基苯基)-3-苯基-1H-环戊烯并[B]苯并呋喃-2-羧酸甲酯 | (1R,2R,3S,3aR,8bS)-methyl 6-(((2S,3R,6R)-6-((R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3-methoxy-1,4-dioxan-2-yl)oxy)-1,8b-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3a-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-2,3,3a,8b-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[b]benzofuran-2-carboxylate | 697235-38-4 | C34H38O13 |
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