激动剂和抑制剂
在生物化学和药物化学领域中,激动剂和抑制剂是调节受体活性的重要分子类型。
激动剂:激动剂是指能够与特定受体结合并激活该受体,从而引起细胞内信号传递的化合物。它们通过与受体的特定位点相互作用,模拟天然配体的功能,导致生物效应的发生或增强。根据其对受体的作用机制不同,激动剂可以分为完全激动剂和部分激动剂。
完全激动剂:能够完全激活受体,达到最大生物活性。
部分激动剂:仅能部分地激活受体,即使在高浓度下也不表现出最大效应。
抑制剂:抑制剂则是相反的一类分子,它们通过与受体或其相关蛋白质结合来阻止信号传导过程。根据作用机制的不同,可以分为竞争性抑制剂和非竞争性抑制剂。
竞争性抑制剂:这些物质通过占据活性位点而减少激动剂的结合能力,通常可以通过增加激动剂浓度来克服这种抑制效应。
非竞争性抑制剂:这类抑制剂不依赖于受体结合部位,而是通过其他方式干扰信号传递,如改变受体构象或直接与G蛋白相互作用。
在药物研发过程中,激动剂和抑制剂的研究至关重要。它们不仅用于治疗疾病,还可以帮助理解生物系统的工作原理。例如,在神经科学领域,激动剂可以被用作治疗抑郁、焦虑等精神疾病的药物;而在癌症研究中,则可能使用抑制剂来阻断促进肿瘤生长的信号通路。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6-[[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]氨基]-3-羟基-7H-茚并[2,1-C]喹啉-7-酮二盐酸盐 | Tas-103 | 174634-09-4 | C20H21Cl2N3O2 |
| 6-[[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]氨基]-3-羟基-7H-茚并[2,1-C]喹啉-7-酮 | TAS 103 | 174634-08-3 | C20H19N3O2 |
| 6-[8-[(2-苯并噻唑基氨基)羰基]-3,4-二氢-2(1H)-异喹啉基]-3-[5-甲基-1-(三环[3.3.1.13,7]dec-1-基甲基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]-2-吡啶甲酸 | A-1331852 | 1430844-80-6 | C38H38N6O3S |
| 6-[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]-3-(三氟甲基)[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]吡啶 | 6-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine | 1262618-39-2 | C14H7F6N3O |
| 6-[4-(2-哌啶-1-基乙氧基)苯基]-3-吡啶-4-基吡唑并[1,5-A]嘧啶 | dorsomorphin | 866405-64-3 | C24H25N5O |
| 6-[(3-氨基苯基)甲基]-4,6-二氢-4-甲基-2-(甲基亚磺酰)-5H-噻吩并[2',3':4,5]吡咯并[2,3-D]哒嗪-5-酮 | TEPP-46 | 1221186-53-3 | C17H16N4O2S2 |
| 6-(辛基氨基)-2,4(1H,3H)-嘧啶二酮 | 6-n-octylaminouracil | 83797-69-7 | C12H21N3O2 |
| 6-(5-氯-2-甲氧基苯基)-3,4-二氢-4-氧-2-硫代-1(2H)-嘧啶乙酰胺 | 2-(6-(5-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide | 1435467-37-0 | C13H12ClN3O3S |
| 6-(4-氟苯基)-5-(4-吡啶基)-2,3-二氢咪唑并[2,1-b]-噻唑 | 5-(4-pyridyl)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydroimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole | 72873-74-6 | C16H12FN3S |
| 6-(4-哌啶基氧基)-1(2H)-异喹啉酮盐酸盐 | 6-(piperidin-4-yloxy)-2H-isoquinolin-1-one hydrochloride | 923262-96-8 | C14H16N2O2*ClH |
| 6-(3-(6-甲基吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-4-基)喹噁啉 | 6-[3-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]quinoxaline | 746667-48-1 | C17H13N5 |
| 6-(2,6-二氯苯基)-2-[[4-[2-(二乙基氨基)乙氧基]苯基]氨基]-8-甲基吡啶并[2,3-D]嘧啶-7(8H)-酮 | PD-166285 | 185039-89-8 | C26H27Cl2N5O2 |
| 6-(2,5-二甲氧基苯基)-3,4-二氢-4-氧代-2-硫代氧代-1(2H)-嘧啶乙酰胺 | 2-(6-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)acetamide | 1435467-38-1 | C14H15N3O4S |
| 6-(2,4-二氟苯氧基)-8-甲基-2-[(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)氨基]吡啶并[2,3-D]嘧啶-7(8H)-酮盐酸盐 | R1487 (Hydrochloride) | 449808-64-4 | C19H19ClF2N4O3 |
| 6-(2,3-二氯苯基)-N4-甲基-2,4-嘧啶二胺 | TH287 | 1609960-30-6 | C11H10Cl2N4 |
| 6-(1H-吲哚-4-基)-4-[5-[[4-(1-甲基乙基)-1-哌嗪基]甲基]-2-恶唑基]-1H-吲唑盐酸盐 | 6-(1H-indol-4-yl)-4-(5-{[4-(1-methylethyl)-1-piperazinyl]methyl}-1,3-oxazol-2-yl)-1H-indazole hydrochloride | 1254036-77-5 | C26H28N6O*ClH |
| 6,7-二硝基奎喔林-2,3(1H,4H)-二酮 | 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3(1H,4H)-dione | 2379-57-9 | C8H4N4O6 |
| 6,7-二氢-7,9-二甲基-6-(5-甲基-2-呋喃基)-11-苯基嘧啶并[4',5':3,4]吡咯并[1,2-a]喹喔啉-8,10(5H,9)-二酮 | PPQ-102 | 931706-15-9 | C26H22N4O3 |
| 6'-[(6-氨基-4-嘧啶基)氨基]-8'-甲基螺[环己烷-1,3'(2'H)-咪唑并[1,5-A]吡啶]-1',5'-二酮 | eFT508 | 1849590-01-7 | C17H20N6O2 |
| 6'-(3-氯苄基氧基)-3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-[1,2']联吡嗪 | Pyrazine, 2-((3-chlorophenyl)methoxy)-6-(1-piperazinyl)- | 479683-64-2 | C15H17ClN4O |
| 5-苯基海因 | 5-phenylimidazolidine-2,4-dione | 89-24-7 | C9H8N2O2 |
| 5-苯基-1,2,5-噻二唑烷-3-酮1,1-二氧化物 | 1,1-Dioxo-5-phenyl-1λ<sup>6</sup>-[1,2,5]thiadiazolidin-3-one | 612530-44-6 | C8H8N2O3S |
| 5-甲氧基-3-(1,2,3,6-四氢-4-吡啶基)-1H-吲哚半琥珀酸酯 | 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)-1H-indole succinate | 66611-27-6 | C18H22N2O5 |
| 5-氯-N-[(1S)-1-(5-氟吡啶-2-基)乙基]-N'-(5-异丙氧基-1H-吡唑-3-基)嘧啶-2,4-二胺 | AZ23 | 915720-21-7 | C17H19ClFN7O |
| 5-氨基-7-(环己基氨基)-1-乙基-6-氟-1,4-二氢-4-氧代-3-喹啉羧酸 | AS1842856 | 836620-48-5 | C18H22FN3O3 |
| 5-氟-2-吲哚基脱氯卤培米特 | 5-fluoro-2-indolyl des-chlorohalopemide | 939055-18-2 | C23H24FN5O2 |
| 5-氟-1,3-二氢-1-羟基-2,1-苯并氧杂硼戊环; Tavaborole | tavaborole | 174671-46-6 | C7H6BFO2 |
| 5-叔丁氧基-2,4-二氨基喹唑啉 | HZ-1157 | 1009734-33-1 | C12H16N4O |
| 5-二氧代吡咯烷-1-基4-(吡啶-2-基二硫烷基)丁酸乙酯 | SPDB | 115088-06-7 | C13H14N2O4S2 |
| 5-乙酰基氨基-2-甲基-n-(1r-萘-1-基-乙基)苯甲酰胺 | 5-acetylamino-2-methyl-N-[(R)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethyl]benzamide | 1093070-14-4 | C22H22N2O2 |
| 5-乙基磺酰基-2-萘-2-基-1,3-苯并恶唑 | ezutromid | 945531-77-1 | C19H15NO3S |
| 5-乙基-2-[4-[4-[[[4-(1H-四氮唑-1-基)苯基]氧基]甲基]噻唑-2-基]哌啶-1-基]嘧啶 | MBX-2982 | 1037792-44-1 | C22H24N8OS |
| 5-[[7-[3-[乙基[2-(磷酰氧基)乙基]氨基]丙氧基]-4-喹唑啉基]氨基]-N-(3-氟苯基)-1H-吡唑-3-乙酰胺 | 2-{ethyl[3-({4-[(5-{2-[(3-fluorophenyl)amino]-2-oxoethyl}-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)amino]quinazolin-7-yl}oxy)proplyl]amino}ethyl dihydrogen phosphate | 722543-31-9 | C26H31FN7O6P |
| 5-[[5-[2-(3-氨基丙氧基)-6-甲氧基苯基]-1H-吡唑-3-基]氨基]-2-吡嗪甲腈 | prexasertib | 1234015-52-1 | C18H19N7O2 |
| 5-[[4-[[6-(4-氨基-3,5-二甲基苯氧基)-1-甲基-1H-苯并咪唑-2-基]甲氧基]苯基]甲基]-2,4-噻唑烷二酮二盐酸盐 | Inolitazone dihydrochloride | 223132-38-5 | C27H28Cl2N4O4S |
| 5-[[4-[(6-氯噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-基)氨基]-1-哌啶基]甲基]-2-氟苯甲腈 | PRX-08066 free base | 866206-54-4 | C19H17ClFN5S |
| 5-[[(2S)-1-乙酰基-2,3-二氢-1H-吲哚-2-基]甲氧基]-3-[叔丁基硫基]-1-[[4-(5-甲氧基-2-嘧啶基)苯基]甲基]-ALPHA,ALPHA-二甲基-1H-吲哚-2-丙酸 | (S)-3-(5-((1-acetylindolin-2-yl)methoxy)-3-(tert-butylthio)-1-(4-(5-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl)benzyl)-1H-indol-2-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid | 1206880-66-1 | C40H44N4O5S |
| 5-[9-异丙基-2-(4-吗啉基)-9H-嘌呤-6-基]-2-嘧啶胺 | 5-(9-isopropyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-9H-purin-6-yl)-pyrimidin-2-ylamine | 1246535-95-4 | C16H20N8O |
| 5-[5-[4-(2-溴-5-氟苯氧基)-1-哌啶基]-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基]-2H-四唑-2-乙酸 | (5-{5-[4-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenoxy)piperidin-1-yl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)acetic acid | 1030612-87-3 | C16H15BrFN7O3S |
| 5-[3-溴-4-(二甲胺基)苯基]-2,3,5,6-四氢-2,2-二甲基苯并[A]菲啶-4(1H)-酮 | 5-(3-bromo-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[a]phenanthridin-4(1H)-one | 311795-38-7 | C27H27BrN2O |
| 5-[3-[4-(2-溴-5-氟苯氧基)-1-哌啶基]-5-异恶唑基]-2H-四唑-2-乙酸三氟乙酸盐 | MK-8245 Trifluoroacetate | 1415559-41-9 | C19H17BrF4N6O6 |
| 5-[(叔丁氧基)羰基]-5-氮杂螺[2.3]己烷-1-羧酸 | 5-(Tert-butoxycarbonyl)-5-azaspiro[2.3]hexane-1-carboxylic acid | 1251012-82-4 | C11H17NO4 |
| 5-[(Z)-(5-氟-1,2-二氢-2-氧代-3H-吲哚-3-亚基)甲基]-N-[(2S)-2-羟基-3-(4-吗啉基)丙基]-2,4-二甲基-1H-吡咯-3-甲酰胺马来酸盐 | SU14813 maleate | 849643-15-8 | C27H31FN4O8 |
| 5-[(3-氯苯基)氨基]-苯并[C]-2,6-萘啶-8-羧酸 | silmitasertib | 1009820-21-6 | C19H12ClN3O2 |
| 5-Alpha-胆甾烷-3-酮 | dihydrocholesterone | 566-88-1 | C27H46O |
| 5-(苯磺酰基)-N-(哌啶-4-基)-2-(三氟甲基)苯磺酰胺; WAY 316606 | 5-(phenylsulfonyl)-N-(piperidin-4-yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzenesulfonamide | 915759-45-4 | C18H19F3N2O4S2 |
| 5-(5-碘-2-异丙基-4-甲氧基苯氧基)嘧啶-2,4-二胺 | AF-353 | 865305-30-2 | C14H17IN4O2 |
| 5-(3-氯苯基)-N-(4-(吗啉甲基)苯基)呋喃-2-羧酰胺 | 5-(3-chlorophenyl)-N-(4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl)furan-2-carboxamide | 638156-11-3 | C22H21ClN2O3 |
| 5-(3,3-二氟环丁基)-3-[4-[4-甲基-5-[2-(三氟甲基)苯基]-4H-1,2,4-三唑-3-基]双环[2.2.2]辛烷-1-基]-1,2,4-恶二唑 | 5-(3,3-Difluorocyclobutyl)-3-(4-{4-methyl-5-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl}bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-1-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole | 935273-79-3 | C24H24F5N5O |
| 5-(1H-吡唑-4-基)-2-(6-((2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)氧基)吡嗪-3-基)苯酚 | 5-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2-(6-((2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)pyridazin-3-yl)phenol | 1562338-42-4 | C22H27N5O2 |