激动剂和抑制剂
在生物化学和药物化学领域中,激动剂和抑制剂是调节受体活性的重要分子类型。
激动剂:激动剂是指能够与特定受体结合并激活该受体,从而引起细胞内信号传递的化合物。它们通过与受体的特定位点相互作用,模拟天然配体的功能,导致生物效应的发生或增强。根据其对受体的作用机制不同,激动剂可以分为完全激动剂和部分激动剂。
完全激动剂:能够完全激活受体,达到最大生物活性。
部分激动剂:仅能部分地激活受体,即使在高浓度下也不表现出最大效应。
抑制剂:抑制剂则是相反的一类分子,它们通过与受体或其相关蛋白质结合来阻止信号传导过程。根据作用机制的不同,可以分为竞争性抑制剂和非竞争性抑制剂。
竞争性抑制剂:这些物质通过占据活性位点而减少激动剂的结合能力,通常可以通过增加激动剂浓度来克服这种抑制效应。
非竞争性抑制剂:这类抑制剂不依赖于受体结合部位,而是通过其他方式干扰信号传递,如改变受体构象或直接与G蛋白相互作用。
在药物研发过程中,激动剂和抑制剂的研究至关重要。它们不仅用于治疗疾病,还可以帮助理解生物系统的工作原理。例如,在神经科学领域,激动剂可以被用作治疗抑郁、焦虑等精神疾病的药物;而在癌症研究中,则可能使用抑制剂来阻断促进肿瘤生长的信号通路。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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N-[2-氟-5-[[3-[(1E)-2-(2-吡啶基)乙烯基]-1H-吲唑-6-基]氨基]苯基]-1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺 | AG-013958 | 319460-94-1 | C26H22FN7O |
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N-[2-[[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]甲基氨基]-5-[[4-(1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-嘧啶基]氨基]-4-甲氧基苯基]-2-丙烯酰胺 | AZ5104 | 1421373-98-9 | C27H31N7O2 |
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N-[2-[[(2,3-二氟苯基)甲基]硫基]-6-[[(1S,2R)-2,3-二羟基-1-甲基丙基]氨基]-4-嘧啶基]-1-氮杂环丁烷磺酰胺 | N-(2-[(2,3-difluorobenzyl)thio]-6-{[(1S,2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-1-methylpropyl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)azetidine-1-sulfonamide | 1204707-73-2 | C18H23F2N5O4S2 |
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N-[2-[[((3R)-1-][反式-4-羟基-4-(6-甲氧基-3-吡啶基)环己基]-3-吡咯烷基]氨基]-2-氧代乙基]-3-(三氟甲基)-苯甲酰胺二甲磺酸盐 | INCB 3284 dimesylate | 887401-93-6 | C28H39F3N4O10S2 |
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N-[2-[P-溴苯丙烯盐基氨基]乙基]-5-异喹啉磺酰胺 | N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]isoquinoline-5-sulfonamide | 127243-85-0 | C20H20BrN3O2S |
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N-[2-[N-(4-氯肉桂)-N-甲基氨基]苯基]-N-(2-羟乙基)-4-甲氧苯磺酰胺磷酸酯盐 | N-[2-({[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-yl](methyl)amino}methyl)phenyl]-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide | 139298-40-1 | C26H29ClN2O4S |
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N-[2-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-2,3-二氢-1,3-二氧代-1H-苯[de]异喹啉-5-基]脲R | UNBS-5126 | 956590-23-1 | C17H18N4O3 |
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N-[2-[2-(4-氯苯基)-4-噻唑基]乙基]丁酰胺 | azoramide | 932986-18-0 | C15H17ClN2OS |
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N-[2-[(R)-(3-氯苯基)[(3R)-1-[[[(2S)-2-(甲基氨基)-3-[(3R)-四氢-2H-吡喃-3-基]丙基]氨基]羰基]-3-哌啶基]甲氧基]乙基]氨基甲酸甲酯,2,2,2-三氟乙酸盐 | VTP-27999 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate | 1013937-63-7 | C28H42ClF3N4O7 |
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N-[2-[(R)-(3-氯苯基)[(3R)-1-[[[(2S)-2-(甲基氨基)-3-[(3R)-四氢-2H-吡喃-3-基]丙基]氨基]羰基]-3-哌啶基]甲氧基]乙基]氨基甲酸甲酯 | VTP-27999 | 942142-51-0 | C26H41ClN4O5 |
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N-[2-[(3S)-3-[[4-羟基-4-[5-(嘧啶-2-基)吡啶-2-基]环己基]氨基]吡咯烷-1-基]-2-氧代乙基]-3-(三氟甲基)苯甲酰胺 | PF-04136309 | 1341224-83-6 | C29H31F3N6O3 |
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N-[2-(4'-氰基联苯-4-基)丙基]-2-丙烷磺酰胺 | LY 404187 | 211311-95-4 | C19H22N2O2S |
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N-[2-(3-溴苯基)乙基]-2,4,6-三甲基-N-[[3'-(甲基磺酰基)[1,1'-联苯]-4-基]甲基]苯磺酰胺 | SR9243 | 1613028-81-1 | C31H32BrNO4S2 |
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N-[2-(2-吡啶基)-6-(1,2,4,5-四氢-3H-3-苯并氮杂卓-3-基)-4-嘧啶基]-beta-丙氨酸 | GSK-J1 | 1373422-53-7 | C22H23N5O2 |
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N-[2,4-二氟-3-[[5-(3-吡啶基)-1H-吡咯并[2,3-B]吡啶-3-基]羰基]苯基]-2-丙磺酰胺 | propane-2-sulfonic acid [2,4-difluoro-3-(5-pyridin-3-yl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carbonyl)-phenyl]-amide | 918505-61-0 | C22H18F2N4O3S |
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N-[1-[[(氰基氨基)(5-喹啉亚氨基)甲基]氨基]-2,2-二甲基丙基]-3,4-二甲氧基苯乙酰胺 | N-[1-({(cyanoimino)[(5-quinolinyl)amino]methyl}amino)-2,2-dimethylpropyl]-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acetamide | 861393-28-4 | C26H30N6O3 |
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N-[1-(1-氧丙基)-4-哌啶基]-N'-[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]脲 | TPPU | 1222780-33-7 | C16H20F3N3O3 |
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N-[1,4-二氢-3-[4-[[4-(2-甲氧基乙基)-1-哌嗪基]甲基]苯基]-4-氧代茚并[1,2-c]吡唑-5-基]-N'-4-吗啉基脲 | RGB-286638 | 784210-88-4 | C29H35N7O4 |
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N-[(9H-氟代-9-甲氧基)羰基]-L-戊基-N5-(氨基羰基)-N-[4-[[[(4-硝基苯氧基)羰基]氧]甲基]苯基]-L-鸟氨酸酰胺 | (9H-fluoren-9-yl)methyl (3-methyl-1-((1-((4-((((4-nitrophenoxy)carbonyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)amino)-1-oxo-5-ureidopentan-2-yl)amino)-1-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate | 863971-53-3 | C40H42N6O10 |
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N-[(3R,4S)-3,4-二氢-3-[[(甲基氨基)羰基]氧基]-6-[4-(3-氧杂环丁基)-1-哌嗪基]-2H-1-苯并吡喃-4-基]-4-氟-苯甲酰胺 | (3R,4S)-4-(4-fluorobenzamido)-6-(4-(oxetan-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl)chroman-3-yl methylcarbamate | 1373215-15-6 | C25H29FN4O5 |
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N-[(3R,4R)-4-氟-1-[6-[(3-甲氧基-1-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)氨基]-9-甲基-9H-嘌呤-2-基]吡咯烷-3-基]丙烯酰胺 | PF-06747775 | 1776112-90-3 | C18H22FN9O2 |
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N-[(3R)-3-(二甲基氨基)-2,3,4,9-四氢-1H-咔唑-6-基]-4-氟苯甲酰胺盐酸盐 | N-[(6R)-6-(dimethylamino)-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-carbazol-3-yl]-4-fluorobenzamide | 186544-26-3 | C21H22FN3O |
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N-[(1S)-2-[[(7S)-6,7-二氢-5-(2-羟基乙基)-6-氧代-5H-吡啶并[3,2-a][3]苯并氮杂卓-7-基]氨基]-1-甲基-2-氧代乙基]-4,4,4-三氟丁酰胺 | LY3039478 | 1421438-81-4 | C22H23F3N4O4 |
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N-[(1R,2R)-1-(2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二恶英-6-基)-1-羟基-3-(吡咯烷-1-基)丙-2-基]壬酰胺 | genz-123346 | 491833-30-8 | C24H38N2O4 |
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N-[(1-丁基-4-哌啶基)甲基]-3,4-二氢-2H-[1,3]噁嗪并[3,2-a]吲哚-10-羧胺 | piboserod | 152811-62-6 | C22H31N3O2 |
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N-[(1,3-二环己基六氢-2,4,6-三氧代-5-嘧啶基)羰基]甘氨酸 | daprodustat | 960539-70-2 | C19H27N3O6 |
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N-2-联苯基-7-硝基-2,1,3-苯并恶二唑-4-胺 | N-([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)-7-nitrobenzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazol-4-amine | 413611-93-5 | C18H12N4O3 |
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N-(氰基甲基)-4-[2-[[4-(4-吗啉基)苯基]氨基]-4-嘧啶基]苯甲酰胺硫酸盐(1:2) | Momelotinib sulfate | 1056636-06-6 | C23H26N6O10S2 |
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N-(6-甲基-2-苯并噻唑基)-2-[(3,4,6,7-四氢-3-(2-甲氧基苯基)-4-氧噻吩并[3,2-d]嘧啶-2-基)硫代]-乙酰胺 | 2-((3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-3,4,6,7-tetrahydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-2-yl)thio)-N-(6-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)acetamide | 686772-17-8 | C23H20N4O3S3 |
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N-(6-氯-9H-beta-咔啉-8-基)烟酰胺 | N-(6-chloro-9H-β-carbolin-8-yl)nicotinamide | 431898-65-6 | C17H11ClN4O |
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N-(6-氯-7-甲氧基-9h-吡啶并[3,4-b]吲哚-8-基)-2-甲基-3-吡啶羧酰胺 | MLN120B | 783348-36-7 | C19H15ClN4O2 |
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N-(5-氨基戊基)乙酰胺 | N-acetylcadaverine | 32343-73-0 | C7H16N2O |
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N-(5-乙基-2,4-二甲基苯基)-4-[3-氟-4-(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)苯基]-2-噻唑胺 | N-(5-ethyl-2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-(3-fluoro-4-(4-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)thiazol-2-amine | 1304630-27-0 | C23H23FN4S |
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N-(5-((5-(4-乙酰基哌嗪-1-甲酰基)-4-甲氧基-2-甲基苯基)硫基)噻唑-2-基)-4-(((3-甲基丁烷-2-基)氨基)甲基) | HY-11066 | 439574-61-5 | C31H39N5O4S2 |
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N-(5-((5-(4-乙酰基哌嗪-1-甲酰基)-4-甲氧基-2-甲基苯基)硫基)噻唑-2-基)-4-(((3,3-二甲基丁烷-2-基)氨基)甲基)苯甲酰胺 | BMS-509744 | 439575-02-7 | C32H41N5O4S2 |
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N-(4-溴苯基)-N'-(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)草酰胺 | N-(4-Bromophenyl)-N'-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-Yl)ethanediamide | 333352-59-3 | C17H24BrN3O2 |
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N-(4-氯苯基)-2-(3,5-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)-9-甲基-9H-嘌呤-6-胺 | (4-chloro-phenyl)-[2-(3,5-dimethyl-pyrazol-1-yl)-9-methyl-9H-purin-6-yl]-amine | 1063331-94-1 | C17H16ClN7 |
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N-(4-氯-3-吡啶基)-4-[(2,2-二氟-1,3-苯并二恶茂-5-基)甲基]-1-哌嗪甲酰胺 | N-(4-chloropyridin-3-yl)-4-((2,2-difluorobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide | 1346528-50-4 | C18H17ClF2N4O3 |
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N-(4-异丙基-2-(3-氧代-3,4-二氢喹喔啉-2-基)苯基)噻吩-2-甲酰胺 | N-(4-isopropyl-2-(3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)phenyl)thiophene-2-carboxamide | 1404437-62-2 | C22H19N3O2S |
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N-(4-乙酰基-4,5-二氢-5-甲基-5-苯基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)乙酰胺 | (±)-N-(4-acetyl-5-methyl-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)acetamide | 72926-24-0 | C13H15N3O2S |
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N-(4-(3,4-二羟基苯基)-5-苯基噻唑-2-基)-3,4-二羟基苯甲酰胺 | N-(4-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-3 ,4-dihydroxybenzamide | 1190932-38-7 | C22H16N2O5S |
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N-(3-溴苯基)-6,7-二甲氧基-N-甲基-4-喹唑啉胺 | EBE-A22 | 229476-53-3 | C17H16BrN3O2 |
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N-(3-溴-4-甲基苯基)-4-(4-吡啶甲基)-1-酞嗪胺 | 1-(3-Bromo-4-methyl-anilino)-4-(pyridin-4-yl-methyl)-phthalazine | 300842-64-2 | C21H17BrN4 |
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N-(3-氯-4-甲基苯基)-2-[2,6-二硝基-4-(三氟甲基)苯基]肼基硫代甲酰胺 | N-(3-Chloro-4-methylphenyl)-2-[2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-hydrazinecarbothioamide | 436133-68-5 | C15H11ClF3N5O4S |
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N-(3-((2-((3-氟-4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)苯基)氨基)-7H-吡咯并[2,3-D]嘧啶-4-基)氧基)苯基)丙烯酰胺酸盐 | N-(3-(2-(3-fluoro-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenylamino)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl)acrylamide maleate | 1557268-88-8 | C4H4O4*C26H26FN7O2 |
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N-(3,5-二氯-2-甲氧基苯基)-4-甲氧基-3-(1-哌嗪基)苯磺酰胺盐酸盐 | SB 399885 | 402713-80-8 | C18H21Cl2N3O4S |
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N-(3,4-二氯苯基)-2-环己基-1H-咪唑并[4,5-c]喹啉-4-胺 | LUF6000 | 890087-21-5 | C22H20Cl2N4 |
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N-(2-苯甲酰基苯基)-O-[2-(甲基-2-吡啶基氨基)乙基]-L-酪氨酸 | (N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-O-[2-(methyl-2-pyridinylamino)ethyl]-L-tyrosine) | 196808-24-9 | C30H29N3O4 |
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N-(2-氰基-3,12-二氧代-28-去甲齐墩果-1,9(11)-二烯-17-基)-2,2-二氟丙酰胺 | omaveloxolone | 1474034-05-3 | C33H44F2N2O3 |
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N-(2-氯-5-甲氧基苯基)-6-甲氧基 | N-(2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methoxy-7-((1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methoxy)quinazolin-4-amine | 476159-98-5 | C23H27ClN4O3 |
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