...KETONES (EG CARVONE & MENTHONE) ARE REDUCED TO SECONDARY ALCOHOLS WHICH ARE THEN EXCRETED AS GLUCURONIDES. MENTHONE, ASYMMETRIC REDUCTION /TO/ NEO-MENTHOL, GLUCURONIDE CONJUGATION /TO/ MENTHYL GLUCURONIDE.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
神经毒素 - 其他中枢神经系统神经毒素
Neurotoxin - Other CNS neurotoxin
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Essential oils of four plants (two species of lavender, peppermint, and a eucalyptus) and some of their principal constituents, i.e., linalool, linalyl acetate, fenchone, menthone, menthol, and eucalyptol, were tested in vitro for their acaricidal activity against Tyrophagus longior, a mite species that is a pest in stored food. Two different procedures were carried out to test the activity of these compounds by direct contact and by inhalation. In the direct contact assays five different quantities of each undiluted substance (6, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 ul) were spread on the internal surface of 6-cm petri dishes, each containing 10 mites. The activity by inhalation was tested using two petri dishes of different sizes: the smaller one (6 cm), containing 10 mites, was covered with a filter paper disk and enclosed in a bigger dish (9 cm) containing 6 oz 2 mul of each undiluted substance. At the highest doses, the essential oils of the two lavender species and of peppermint killed 100% of the mites, both by direct contact and by inhalation. Eucalyptus oil was the least active. Among the essential oil constituents, menthol showed the highest activity, killing 100% of the mites at the lowest dose (0.25 ul) by direct contact and at 6 ul by inhalation. However, linalool, fenchone, and menthone also showed good acaricidal activity. Eucalyptol, like the essential oil of which it is the principal constituent, had the lowest activity.
Menthone, a component of peppermint oil, was given p.o. to groups of 10 male and 10 female rats at dose levels of 0, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg bw/day, respectively, for 28 days. After 19 days the dose was reduced to 400 mg/kg bw in the female group receiving the highest dose. Analyses of plasma showed a dose-dependent decrease in creatinine content and a dose-dependent increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and bilirubin. The relative weights of liver and spleen were increased. Cyst-like spaces were seen histopathologically in the white matter of the cerebellum of the two highest dose groups. The no-effect level for menthone in this study was lower than 200 mg/kg bw/day.
Menthone was a mild skin irritant and of low acute dermal toxicity in rabbits. No evidence of sensitizing potential was found in a volunteer study with a dilute solution. In rats, menthone demonstrated a moderate to low acute oral toxicity. On repeated oral administration, menthone produced increases in liver, kidney and spleen weights of rats. Mutagenic activity was reported in the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (Ames test).
An efficient procedure for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, respectively, with molecular oxygen under ambient conditions has been achieved. By applying catalytic amounts of Pd(OAc)2 in the presence of tertiary phosphine oxides (OPR3) as ligands, a variety of substrates are selectively oxidized without formation of ester byproducts. Spectroscopic investigations
Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols Catalyzed by <i>in Situ</i> Generated Gold Nanoparticles inside the Channels of Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica with Ionic Liquid Framework
In situ generated gold nanoparticles inside the nanospaces of periodic mesoporous organosilica with an imidazolium framework ([email protected]) were found to be highly active, selective, and reusable catalysts for the aerobicoxidation of activated and nonactivated alcohols under mild reaction conditions. The catalyst was characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement, thermogravimetric
发现具有咪唑骨架的周期性介孔有机硅纳米空间内的原位生成的金纳米粒子是高活性,选择性和可重复使用的催化剂,可在温和的反应条件下对活化和非活化醇进行好氧氧化。该催化剂的特征在于氮吸附-解吸测量,热重分析(TGA),透射电子显微镜(TEM),元素分析(EA),漫反射红外傅里叶变换光谱(DRIFT),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)。在Cs 2 CO 3(35°C)或K 2的存在下,该催化剂表现出优异的催化活性。一氧化碳3(60°C)作为反应基础在甲苯中作为反应溶剂。在两种反应条件下,各种类型的醇(最多35个实例),包括活化的苄基,伯和仲脂族,杂环和具有挑战性的环状脂族醇,都以良好的产率和选择性很好地转化为预期的羰基化合物。还回收了催化剂并将其再利用至少七个反应循环。来自三个独立浸出测试的数据表明,浸出金颗粒的量可以忽略不计(<0.2 ppm)。据信,桥
Chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls catalyzed by a reusable supported Pd nanoparticles on biomass-derived carbon
作者:Tao Song、Yanan Duan、Yong Yang
DOI:10.1016/j.catcom.2018.11.017
日期:2019.2
We herein report highly chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturatedcarbonyl compounds to saturatedcarbonyls with formic acid as a hydrogen donor over a stable and recyclable heterogeneous Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on N,O-dual doped hierarchical porous biomass-derived carbon. The synergistic effect between Pd NPs and incorporated heteroatoms on carbon plays a critical role on promoting the
Sodium hydrotelluride was found to serve as a new efficient agent for selectivereduction of α,β-unsaturated carbonylcompounds under mild reaction conditions.
发现氢化碲化钠可作为一种新的有效试剂,用于在温和的反应条件下选择性还原 α,β-不饱和羰基化合物。
PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF NITRO COMPOUNDS AND METHOD FOR THE REMOVAL OF NITROGEN DIOXIDE
申请人:Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.
公开号:EP1099684A1
公开(公告)日:2001-05-16
In the invented process for producing a nitro compound, an organic substrate and nitrogen dioxide are reacted in the presence of oxygen or are reacted in a molar ratio of nitrogen dioxide to the organic substrate of less than 1 to yield a corresponding nitro compound. The reaction may be performed in the presence of N-hydroxyphthalimide or other imide compounds. Such organic substrates include (a) aliphatic hydrocarbons, (b) alicyclic hydrocarbons, (c) non-aromatic heterocyclic compounds each having a carbon atom on a ring, which carbon atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom, (d) compounds each having a carbon-hydrogen bond at the adjacent position to an aromatic ring, and (e) compounds each having a carbon-hydrogen bond at the adjacent position to a carbonyl group. This process can efficiently nitrate an organic substrate even under relatively mild conditions.