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邻甲酚 | 95-48-7

中文名称
邻甲酚
中文别名
甲酚皂;2-甲基酚;邻甲基苯酚;邻蒸木油酸;邻克勒梭尔;邻甲苯酚;2-甲基苯酚;O-甲酚;2-甲酚
英文名称
ortho-cresol
英文别名
o-cresol;2-methylphenol;o-methylphenol
邻甲酚化学式
CAS
95-48-7
化学式
C7H8O
mdl
MFCD00002226
分子量
108.14
InChiKey
QWVGKYWNOKOFNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    29-31 °C (lit.)
  • 沸点:
    191 °C (lit.)
  • 密度:
    1.048 g/mL at 25 °C
  • 蒸气密度:
    3.72 (vs air)
  • 闪点:
    178 °F
  • 溶解度:
    20g/l
  • 暴露限值:
    NIOSH REL: TWA 2.3 ppm (10 mg/m3), IDLH 250 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 5 ppm (22 mg/m3); ACGIH TLV: TWA for all isomers 5 ppm (adopted).
  • 介电常数:
    5.8(-5℃)
  • LogP:
    1.95 at 20℃
  • 物理描述:
    O-cresol appears as colorless or yellow to brown-yellow or pinkish colored liquid with a phenol-like odor. Toxic by ingestion and/or skin absorption. May have a flash point between 100 and 199°F. Causes burns to skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Insoluble in water.
  • 颜色/状态:
    Crystals in liquid becoming dark with age and exposure to light and air
  • 气味:
    Phenolic odor
  • 蒸汽密度:
    3.72 (EPA, 1998) (Relative to Air)
  • 蒸汽压力:
    0.18 mm Hg at 25 °C
  • 亨利常数:
    Henry's Law constant = 1.2X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C
  • 大气OH速率常数:
    4.20e-11 cm3/molecule*sec
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    1. 遇明火、高热或氧化剂能引起燃烧。邻甲酚具有弱酸性,与氢氧化钠作用生成可溶性的钠盐,但不与碳酸反应。它还能与烷基化剂如硫酸二甲酯反应生成醚,并与醛类反应形成合成树脂。在温和条件下,邻甲酚可以进行硝化、卤化、烷基化和磺化等多种化学反应。此外,邻甲酚容易氧化,在光照下会变深色并生成醌类等复杂化合物。

    2. 邻甲酚有毒,主要影响中枢神经系统,严重时可致死。吸入或皮肤接触其蒸气或烟雾可能导致慢性肾炎和神经障碍。工作场所空气中允许的最大浓度为5×10^-6。大鼠口服的半数致死量为1350毫克/千克。操作过程中需确保设备密封,并配备防护用具。

    3. 邻甲酚在常规条件下较为稳定。

    4. 应避免与强氧化剂和碱类接触。

    5. 应避免光照。

    6. 邻甲酚不会发生聚合反应。

  • 自燃温度:
    1110 °F (599 °C)
  • 粘度:
    3.035 cP at 50 °C; 1.562 cP at 75 °C; 0.961 cP at 100 °C
  • 燃烧热:
    -3696 kJ/mol at 25 °C
  • 汽化热:
    45.19 kJ/mol at 191.04 °C
  • 表面张力:
    36.90 mN/m at 25 °C; 34.38 mN/m at 50 °C
  • 电离电位:
    8.93 eV
  • 气味阈值:
    Odor Threshold Low: 0.26 [mmHg]; Odor Threshold High: 0.65 [mmHg]; Odor threshold low (detection) and high (recognition) from CHRIS
  • 折光率:
    Index of refraction: 1.553 at 20 °C/D
  • 解离常数:
    pKa = 10.287
  • 保留指数:
    1031.1 ;1029.7 ;1032 ;1042 ;1044 ;1029 ;1039 ;1027 ;1032 ;1032 ;1032 ;1014.3 ;1017.6 ;1007 ;1008 ;1029 ;1030 ;1040 ;1048 ;1035 ;1078 ;1034 ;1034 ;1037 ;1030 ;1033 ;1023.6 ;1030 ;1027 ;1038 ;1039.1 ;1030 ;1036 ;1035.2 ;1035 ;1024 ;1026.3 ;1024 ;1035 ;1058 ;172.86 ;173.57

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    2
  • 重原子数:
    8
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    1.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.142
  • 拓扑面积:
    20.2
  • 氢给体数:
    1
  • 氢受体数:
    1

ADMET

代谢
邻-...甲在较小程度上被环羟基化... 2,5-二羟基甲苯已从喂食邻-...甲的兔尿中分离出来...
The o- ... cresols are ring-hydroxylated to a small extent ... 2,5-Dihydroxytoluene has been isolated from the urine of rabbits fed o- ... cresol ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
o-Cresol在兔子里产生o-甲基-β-D-葡萄糖苷酸、o-甲硫酸盐、甲基喹啉、o-甲苯甲醚和3-甲基邻苯二酚。o-Cresol在大鼠中产生o-甲硫酸盐和o-甲苯甲醚。o-Cresol在豚鼠和小鼠中产生o-甲苯甲醚。/来自表格/
o-Cresol yields o-cresyl-beta-d-glucuronide, o-cresyl sulfate, methylquinol, o-methylanisole, & 3-methylcatechol in rabbits. o-Cresol yields o-cresol sulfate and o-methylanisole in rats. o-Cresol yields o-methylanisole in guinea pigs & mice. /From Table/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
10名健康男性暴露于大约200 ppm的甲苯中4小时。暴露结束时,尿中邻甲酚浓度为1.603毫克/升,暴露后4小时为1.400毫克/升,暴露后20小时为0.495毫克/升。
Ten healthy men were exposed to approximately 200 ppm toluene for 4 hr. Urinary o-cresol concentration was 1.603 mg/L at the end of the exposure, 1.400 mg/L 4 hr after exposure, and 0.495 mg/l 20 hr after exposure.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
两名工人因意外职业接触溶剂混合物导致昏迷而入院,第二天(接触后36小时)血中甲苯平分别为823-1122微克/升,肺泡气中为53-38微克/升。第五天(接触后112小时)血中甲苯平为120-45微克/升,肺泡气中为3-1微克/升。尿中邻甲酚的排泄量,以甲苯当量计算,第二天为0.8-0.9毫克,第三天为1.7至1.6毫克。尿中马尿酸,以甲苯当量计算,第二天为1.7至1.4克,第三天为1.3至0.7克。
In two workers admitted to hospital because of coma due to accidental occupational exposure to mixture of solvents, the level of toluene was respectively 823-1122 ug/L in blood & 53-38 ug/L in alveolar air on second day (36 hr after exposure). On fifth day (112 hr after exposure) the toluene level was 120-45 ug/L in blood & 3-1 ug/L in alveolar air. Urinary excretion of o-cresol, calculated as a toluene equivalent, was 0.8-0.9 mg on second day & 1.7 to 1.6 mg on third day. Urinary hippuric acid, as a toluene equivalent, was 1.7 to 1.4 g on second day & 1.3 to 0.7 g on third day.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
邻甲酚甲苯的人类已知代谢物。
O-Cresol is a known human metabolite of toluene.
来源:NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
识别和使用:邻甲酚在液体中形成晶体,随着时间的推移和光照、空气接触会变暗。它曾用于爆炸物、石油、摄影、油漆和农业行业,作为生产农药、环氧树脂染料和药品的中间体,也用作消毒剂和清洁剂的成分。人类暴露和毒性:在人类中,邻甲酚是一种呼吸道刺激物。在10个受试者中,有8个在短暂接触浓度为6 mg/m³的邻甲酚浓缩气溶胶后,抱怨干燥、鼻塞和喉咙刺激。在培养的人类成纤维细胞中,剂量依赖性的姐妹染色单体交换(SCE)增加并未在高达8 mM的浓度下观察到。在8 mM时,SCE频率与对照组相比有小的但显著的增加。动物研究:在一项急性皮肤毒性研究中,工业级邻甲酚在4小时内对至少2/6只剃毛、雌性、白化兔造成了严重皮肤损伤,应用剂量为890 mg/kg。邻甲酚可能导致皮肤和眼睛接触后严重的局部刺激和腐蚀。眼睛刺激可能很严重,包括角膜混浊。三种甲同分异构体对小鼠的毒性比对大鼠的毒性大,当通过灌胃给药时,邻甲酚毒性最大,其次是间甲酚对甲酚。这些效果与暴露后的效果相似,但较轻。在猫中,邻甲酚对甲酚的毒性大致相等,而间甲酚的毒性略低。在动物接触9-50 mg/m³的邻甲酚2-6小时/天,持续1个月或更长时间后,观察到一系列呼吸系统效应,包括上呼吸道炎症和刺激、肺肿以及肺部的出血和血管周围硬化。在接触邻甲酚气溶胶和蒸气2小时/天,6天/周,持续1个月的小鼠中,没有记录到死亡。在每日暴露期间的临床毒性迹象仅限于暴露开始时的呼吸道刺激症状,随后是一段时间的低活动,持续到暴露结束。显微镜检查揭示了呼吸道的刺激迹象。其他病变包括心肌、肝脏、肾脏和神经细胞以及中枢神经系统的胶质元素的变性。使用三种甲同分异构体对大鼠进行了一项详细的中期口服神经毒性研究。在50 mg/kg/天或更高的剂量下,报告了一系列表明神经毒性的临床观察(包括低活动、快速费力呼吸、过度流涎和震颤)。在450 mg/kg/天或更高的剂量下报告了抽搐。邻甲酚似乎延长了处理过的雌性大鼠和小鼠的发情周期。在给动物服用甲后,报告了发育效应,但仅在母体毒性剂量下。在大鼠整个妊娠期间给药,450 mg/kg/天的剂量下出现了母体效应。在此剂量下,邻甲酚产生了轻微的胎儿毒性,但对畸形发生率或妊娠参数没有影响。在整个妊娠期间给家兔服用邻甲酚,50 mg/kg/天的剂量下观察到母体效应,如可听呼吸、眼部分泌物和低活动。在100 mg/kg/天的剂量下,邻甲酚产生了胎儿毒性,但没有在其他任何剂量下产生效果。在存在和不存在S9混合物的情况下,邻甲酚处理后在中国仓鼠(CHO)细胞中诱导了染色体畸变。给小鼠单次皮肤应用9,10-二甲基-1,2-苯并蒽DMBA),一种致癌启动剂,随后每周两次应用20%的邻甲酚苯溶液,持续12周。邻甲酚的促进作用导致每只小鼠的平均皮肤乳头状瘤数量和至少有一个乳头状瘤的暴露小鼠的百分比增加。在甲暴露后没有观察到皮肤癌,尽管观察到的乳头状瘤有发展成皮肤癌的潜力。生态毒性研究:将莫桑比克丽鱼(一种热带鱼)暴露在亚致死浓度的邻甲酚下30天,观察到退行性变化。96小时暴露的LC50值为23.5 mg/L。生长研究表明,邻甲酚生细菌、蓝藻(蓝绿藻)和原生动物有中等毒性。生长抑制阈值分别为细菌假单胞菌33 mg/L;蓝藻微囊藻6.8 mg/L;食菌鞭毛虫原生动物缠腰鼓虫17 mg/L和腐生鞭毛虫原生动物绿虫132 mg/L。
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: o-Cresol forms crystals in liquid becoming dark with age and exposure to light and air. It has been used in explosive, petroleum, photographic, paint, and agricultural industries, as an intermediate for the production of pesticides, epoxy resins, dyes and pharmaceuticals, but also as a component of disinfectants and cleaning agents. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: o-Cresol is a respiratory irritant in humans. Eight of 10 subjects exposed to "brief exposure" to a concentrated aerosol of 6 mg/cu m o-Cresol complained of dryness, nasal constriction, and throat irritation. Dose-dependent SCE increases were not observed in cultured human fibroblasts at concentrations up to 8 mM. There was a small but significant increase in SCE frequency compared to control at 8 mM. ANIMAL STUDIES: In an acute dermal toxicity study, technical grade o-cresol caused severe skin damage on at least 2/6 shaved, female, albino rabbits within 4 hours of application of 890 mg/kg . o-Cresol can cause severe local irritation and corrosion following dermal and ocular exposure. Eye irritation can be severe and include corneal opacity. All three cresols isomers are more toxic to mice than to rats when administered by gavage. o-Cresol is the most toxic, followed by p-cresol and then m-cresol. The effects are similar to, but less severe than, those following phenol exposure. Phenol, o- and p-cresol have about equal toxicity in cats while m-cresol is slightly less toxic. An assortment of respiratory effects, including inflammation and irritation of the upper respiratory tract, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage and perivascular sclerosis in the lungs were seen in animals exposed to 9-50 mg/cu m of o-cresol 2-6 hours/day for 1 month or more. In mice exposed to a mixture of o-cresol aerosol and vapor 2 hr/day, 6 days/week for 1 month no mortality was recorded. Clinical signs of toxicity during the daily exposure periods were limited to signs of respiratory irritation at the start of the exposure, followed by a period of hypoactivity lasting until the end of the exposure. Microscopic examination revealed signs of irritation in the respiratory tract. Other lesions included degeneration of heart muscle, liver, kidney and nerve cells and glial elements of the central nervous system. A detailed oral neurotoxicity study of intermediate duration was performed on rats using all three cresol isomers. A host of clinical observations indicative of neurotoxicity (including hypoactivity, rapid labored respiration, excessive salivation, and tremors) was reported at doses of 50 mg/kg/day or higher for all three isomers. Convulsions were reported at 450 mg/kg/day or higher. o-Cresol appeared to lengthen the estrus cycle in treated female rats and mice. Developmental effects have been reported in animals given cresols, but only at maternally toxic doses. Maternal effects in rats dosed throughout gestation occurred at 450 mg/kg/day. At this dose o-cresol produced slight fetotoxicity, but had no effect on malformation incidence or gestation parameters. In rabbits dosed throughout gestation, maternal effects, such as audible respiration, ocular discharge, and hypoactivity, were seen following exposure to o-cresol at 50 mg/kg/day. At 100 mg/kg/day, o-cresol produced fetotoxicity, but no other effects at any dose. Chromosomal aberrations were induced in Chinese hamster (CHO) cells in both the presence and absence of S9 mix, following treatment with o-cresols. Mice were given a single dermal application of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA), a cancer initiator, followed by application of 20% solutions of o-cresol in benzene twice a week for 12 weeks. Promotion with o-cresol led to increases in the average number of skin papillomas per mouse and the percentage of exposed mice with at least one papilloma. Carcinomas were not observed following cresols exposure, although the observed papillomas have the potential to develop into carcinomas. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Sarotherodon mossambicus (a teleost) was exposed to a sublethal concentration of o-cresol for 30 days and observed to show degenerative changes. LC50 value for 96 hr exposure of 23.5 mg/L. Growth studies have shown that o-cresols are moderately toxic to aquatic bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and protozoa. Growth inhibition thresholds were 33 mg/L for the bacterium Pseudomonas putida; 6.8 mg/L for the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa; 17 mg/L for the bacterivorous flagellate protozoan Entosiphon sulcatum and 132 mg/L for the saprozoic flagellate protozoan, Chilomonas paramecium.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
人体摄入的甲靶器官包括血液、肾脏、肺、肝脏、心脏和中枢神经系统。甲会损害角质层,并通过变性蛋白质和沉淀蛋白质来产生凝固性坏死。它们还可能诱导神经递质平的变化,影响某些酶的活性,增加脑部的脂质过氧化,并改变脑部膜流动性。
Target organs of ingested cresols in humans are the blood, kidneys, lungs, liver, heart, and central nervous system. Cresols impair the stratum corneum and produce coagulation necrosis by denaturating and precipitating proteins. They may also induce changes in neurotransmitter levels, affect the activities of some enzymes, increase lipid peroxidation, and change membrane fluidity in the brain. (L528)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
分类:C;可能的人类致癌物。分类依据:基于在小鼠启动-促进研究中皮肤乳头状瘤发生率的增加。三种邻甲酚异构体在遗传毒性研究中单独或组合使用均产生了阳性结果。人类致癌性数据:不足。动物致癌性数据:有限。
CLASSIFICATION: C; possible human carcinogen. BASIS FOR CLASSIFICATION: Based on an increased incidence of skin papillomas in mice in an initiation-promotion study. The three cresol isomers produced positive results in genetic toxicity studies both alone and in combination. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Inadequate. ANIMAL CARCINOGENICITY DATA: Limited.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌性证据
A4:不能分类为人类致癌物。/,所有同分异构体/
A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Cresol, all isomers/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性(未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单)。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
吸收、分配和排泄
...邻甲酚(在中)通过灌胃方式给予兔子。在给予290毫克/千克邻甲酚剂量之前和之后,确定了硫酸盐结合的程度。二十二百分比的邻甲酚硫酸盐结合物的形式被排出。
... o-Cresol (in water) /was administered/ to rabbits by gavage. The extent of sulfate conjugation was determined before and after a 290 mg/kg o-Cresol dose. Twenty-two percent of the o-Cresol was excreted as the sulfate conjugate.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
间甲酚(在碳酸氢钠中)通过灌胃给药给兔子。给药500毫克间甲酚后评估尿中代谢物。剂量的15%以醚硫酸盐形式排泄,72%以醚葡萄糖苷酸形式排泄,1%以自由间甲酚形式排泄,大约3%以2,5-二羟基甲苯形式排泄。
... o-Cresol (in NaHCO2) /was administered/ to rabbits by gavage. Urinary metabolites were evaluated after administration of 500 mg of o-Cresol. Fifteen percent of the dose was excreted as ethereal sulfate, 72% as ether glucuronide, 1% as free cresol, and about 3% as 2,5-dihydroxytoluene.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
Cresols对皮肤或眼睛的腐蚀性略高于,但由于吸收较慢,系统性的影响可能略温和。
Cresols are slightly more corrosive /to the skin or eyes/ than phenol, but systemic effects may be a little milder because of slower absorption.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
7.2至10.0毫克的邻甲酚通过皮下给药方式给予豚鼠。大约38%的剂量未发生改变,通过尿液排出。
A subcutaneous dose of 7.2 to 10.0 mg o-Cresol /was administered/ to guinea pigs. About 38% of the dose was excreted unchanged via urine.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
一项对100名工人的横断面研究表明,目前可以将o-甲肌酐比率的生物阈值参考值<1 mg/g用作非工业人类暴露的参考,而<2 mg/g的比率适用于燃煤厂工业环境中工人暴露的参考。
... A cross-sectional study on 100 workers indicated that the biological threshold for o-cresol:creatinine ratio reference value of <1 mg/g could presently be used as a reference for non-industrial human exposure while the <2 mg/g rate is for worker exposure in an industrial environment at a coal combustion plant.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 职业暴露等级:
    B
  • 职业暴露限值:
    TWA: 2.3 ppm (10 mg/m3)
  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    6.1
  • 立即威胁生命和健康浓度:
    250 ppm
  • 危险品标志:
    T
  • 安全说明:
    S36/37/39,S45
  • 危险类别码:
    R34,R24/25
  • WGK Germany:
    1,2
  • 海关编码:
    29071200
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 2076/3455
  • 危险类别:
    6.1
  • RTECS号:
    GO6300000
  • 包装等级:
    II
  • 储存条件:
    储存注意事项:应将物品储存于阴凉、通风的库房中,并远离火种和热源。包装需密封,避免与空气接触。务必与氧化剂、碱类及食用化学品分开存放,严禁混储。配备相应种类和数量的消防器材是必要的。储存区域还应备有合适的材料以处理可能发生的泄漏。

SDS

SDS:32404d87f3b5f4faa5cb6a7e64d54498
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国标编号: 61073
CAS: 95-48-7
中文名称: 2-甲(苯)
英文名称: 2-methylphenol;o-Cresol
别 名: 邻甲(苯)
分子式: C 7 H 8 O;HOC 6 H 4 CH 3
分子量: 108.13
熔 点: 30.8℃ 沸点:190.8℃
密 度: 相对密度(=1)1.05;
蒸汽压: 81℃
溶解性: 微溶于,溶于乙醇乙醚氯仿
稳定性: 稳定
外观与性状: 白色结晶,有芳香气味
危险标记: 14(有毒品)
用 途: 用作分析试剂并用于有机合成

2.对环境的影响:
一、健康危害
侵入途径:吸入、食入、经皮吸收。
健康危害:本品对皮肤、粘膜有强烈刺激和腐蚀作用。引起多脏器损害。
急性中毒:引起肌肉无力、胃肠道症状、中枢神经抑制、虚脱、体温下降和昏迷,并可引起肺肿和肝、肾、胰等脏器损害,最终发生呼吸衰竭。
慢性影响:可引起消化道功能障碍,肝、肾损害和皮疹。
二、毒理学资料及环境行为
毒性:属低毒类。
急性毒性:LD 50 121mg/kg(大鼠经口);890mg/kg(兔经皮)
刺激性:家兔经皮:12500μg(24小时),轻度刺激。家兔经眼:100mg,轻度刺激。
致癌性:小鼠经皮最低中毒剂量(TDL 0 ):4800mg/kg(12周,间歇),致肿瘤阳性。
生物降解的影响:中浓度11~16mg/L时,活性污泥对氮的硝化作用降低75%,浓度50mg/L时,荧光假单孢菌对葡萄糖的降解受到抑制,浓度600mg/L时,大肠杆菌对葡萄糖的降解受到抑制。
危险特性:遇明火、高热或与氧化剂接触,有引起燃烧爆炸的危险。具有腐蚀性。
燃烧(分解)产物:一氧化碳二氧化碳

3.现场应急监测方法:

4.实验室监测方法:
监测方法 来源 类别
气相色谱法 《空气和废气监测分析方法》国家环保局编 空气和废气
气相色谱法;色谱/质谱法 《固体废弃物试验分析评价手册》中国环境监测总站等译 固体废弃物
高效液相色谱 《空气中有害物的测定方法》(第二版),杭士平主编 空气
亚胺溴苯醌比色法 《化工企业空气中有害物质测定方法》,化学工业出版社 化工企业空气

5.环境标准:
中国(TJ36-79) 车间空气中有害物质的最高容许浓度 5mg/m 3
前苏联(1978) 环境空气中基本安全浓度 28μg/m 3
前苏联(1975) 体中有害物质最高允许浓度 0.05mg/L
前苏联(1978) 渔业中最高允许浓度 3μg/L
前苏联(1975) 排放标准 0.1mg/L
嗅觉阈浓度 0.00068ppm

6.应急处理处置方法:
一、泄漏应急处理
隔离泄漏污染区,限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给式呼吸器,穿防毒服。不要直接接触泄漏物。小量泄漏:避免扬尘,用洁净的铲子收集于干燥、洁净、有盖的容器中。大量泄漏:收集回收或运至废物处理场所处置。
废弃物处置方法:用焚烧法。
二、防护措施
呼吸系统防护:空气中粉尘浓度超标时,应该佩戴头罩型电动送风过滤式防尘呼吸器;可能接触其蒸气时,应该佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具(全面罩)。
眼睛防护:呼吸系统防护中已作防护。
身体防护:穿胶布防毒衣。
手防护:戴橡胶手套。
其它:工作现场禁止吸烟、进食和饮。工作毕,彻底清洗。单独存放被毒物污染的衣服,洗后备用。注意个人清洁卫生。
三、急救措施
皮肤接触:立即脱去被污染的衣着,用甘油、聚乙烯乙二醇或聚乙烯乙二醇酒精混合液(7 3)抹洗,然后用彻底清洗。或用大量流动清冲洗,至少15分钟。就医。
眼睛接触:立即提起眼睑,用大量流动清或生理盐彻底冲洗至少15分钟。就医。
吸入:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。
食入:立即给饮植物油15-30mL。催吐。就医。

灭火方法:消防人员须佩戴防毒面具、穿全身消防服。灭火剂:雾状、泡沫、干粉、二氧化碳、砂土。

制备方法与用途

邻甲酚

概述 邻甲酚又名邻甲苯酚。它是一种无色液体或结晶体,能与醇、醚及氯仿混溶,并可溶解于氢氧化钠溶液中,但在中微溶。其具有类似苯酚的气味,在暴露于空气和日光下会变暗且有毒。这种物质主要作用于中枢神经,严重时可能导致生命危险。

应用 邻甲酚主要用于生产除草剂二甲四氮、癸二酸稀释剂、消毒剂及医药中间体等,同时也可用于树脂制造、增塑剂合成、香料染料的制作以及检验硝酸盐砷酸分析所需的试剂。此外,它也可作为食用香精的一部分。

食品添加剂最大允许使用量 根据GB 2760-1996规定,邻甲酚被列为允许使用的食用香料,并且其在食品中的最大使用量及残留量需遵循该标准。

化学性质 无色结晶体,散发苯酚气味。它能溶于约40倍的中(3%至5.3%,具体取决于温度),并几乎全部溶解于苛性碱液以及各种常用有机溶剂中。

用途 邻甲酚是合成香豆素的重要中间体,还可用作消毒剂和防腐剂,在癸二酸生产过程中用作稀释剂。此外,它亦用于有机合成及分析试剂的制备等。

生产方法 从煤焦化所得的油切取含有6%邻甲酚、49.4%间甲酚与32.1%对甲酚以及少量二甲酚苯酚的馏分。通过蒸馏分离,可在不低于40块理论塔板的精馏柱内获得纯度大于97%的邻甲酚

合成方法包括:

  1. 苯酚烷基化法:在约4.14MPa表压下与三氧化二铝催化剂共同作用于苯酚甲醇,从而得到产物。
  2. 邻甲苯胺法:适用于制备试剂,通过重氮化及邻甲苯胺来获得所需物质。
  3. 甲苯羟基化法。

生产方法 由粗预脱初馏后进行减压精馏以获取目标产品。该过程采用固定床列管式反应器,在特定条件下制备邻甲酚,再通过分馏分离、蒸馏提纯等步骤获得高纯度产物。

类别与危险性 邻甲酚属于腐蚀物品且为高毒物质。急性毒性测试表明,其LD50值分别为大鼠121毫克/千克和小鼠344毫克/千克。皮肤接触或眼睛刺激实验显示具有强烈反应;遇空气高温可燃,并能产生刺激烟雾。

储运与灭火 应存储于通风良好、干燥且低温环境并远离氧化剂,采用泡沫或雾状进行扑灭火灾。

职业暴露标准 时间加权平均容许浓度(TWA)为22毫克/立方米;短期接触极限( STEL )为44毫克/公斤。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    DE160304
    摘要:
    公开号:
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    水杨酸甲酯chromium(III) oxide氢气copper(II) oxide 作用下, 250.0 ℃ 、29.42 MPa 条件下, 生成 邻甲酚
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Folkers; Adkins, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1932, vol. 54, p. 1146
    摘要:
    DOI:
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 在 邻甲酚 作用下, 生成 草酰苯胺
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Perkin, Journal of the Chemical Society, 1892, vol. 61, p. 462
    摘要:
    DOI:
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文献信息

  • Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
    申请人:Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
    公开号:US20150231142A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-08-20
    The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.
    本发明涉及含有上皮通道活性抑制剂与至少一种ABC转运蛋白调节剂化合物(A式、B式、C式或D式)的药物组合物。该发明还涉及这些药物配方,以及使用这些组合物治疗CFTR介导的疾病,特别是囊性纤维化的方法。
  • [EN] SUBSTITUTED QUINAZOLINES AS FUNGICIDES<br/>[FR] QUINAZOLINES SUBSTITUÉES, UTILISÉES EN TANT QUE FONGICIDES
    申请人:SYNGENTA PARTICIPATIONS AG
    公开号:WO2010136475A1
    公开(公告)日:2010-12-02
    The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I) wherein wherein the substituents have the definitions as defined in claim 1or a salt or a N-oxide thereof, their use and methods for the control and/or prevention of microbial infection, particularly fungal infection, in plants and to processes for the preparation of these compounds.
    本发明涉及一种具有如下式(I)的化合物,其中取代基具有权利要求1中定义的定义,或其盐或N-氧化物,它们的用途以及用于控制和/或预防植物中微生物感染,特别是真菌感染的方法,以及制备这些化合物的方法。
  • [EN] CALPAIN MODULATORS AND THERAPEUTIC USES THEREOF<br/>[FR] MODULATEURS DE CALPAÏNE ET LEURS UTILISATIONS THÉRAPEUTIQUES
    申请人:BLADE THERAPEUTICS INC
    公开号:WO2019190885A1
    公开(公告)日:2019-10-03
    Small molecule calpain modulator compounds, including their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, can be included in pharmaceutical compositions. The compounds can be useful in inhibiting calpain, or competitive binding with calpastatin, by contacting them with CAPN1, CAPN2, and/or CAPN9 enzymes residing inside a subject. The compounds and composition can also be administered to a subject in order to treat a fibrotic disease or a secondary disease state or condition of a fibrotic disease.
    小分子钙蛋白酶调节剂化合物,包括其药用可接受的盐,可以包含在药物组合物中。这些化合物可以通过与主体内的CAPN1、CAPN2和/或CAPN9酶接触来抑制钙蛋白酶,或与蛋白酶抑制剂竞争性结合。这些化合物和组合物也可以被用于治疗纤维化疾病或纤维化疾病的继发疾病状态或病情。
  • Dual Pharmacophores - PDE4-Muscarinic Antagonistics
    申请人:Callahan James Francis
    公开号:US20090203657A1
    公开(公告)日:2009-08-13
    The present invention is directed to novel compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions and their use as dual chromaphores having inhibitory activity against PDE4 and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs), and thus being useful for treating respiratory diseases.
    本发明涉及具有式(I)的新化合物及其药用盐,药物组合物及其用作对PDE4和肌胆碱受体(mAChRs)具有抑制活性的双色素,因此可用于治疗呼吸道疾病。
  • Transition metal complexes in organic synthesis, part 43. First total synthesis of the free radical scavenger (±)-neocarazostatin B via iron- and nickel-mediated coupling reactions
    作者:Hans-Joachim Knölker、Wolfgang Fröhner、Alfred Wagner
    DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00527-9
    日期:1998.5
    The first total synthesis of the naturally occurring free radical scavenger (±)-neocarazostatin B is described by using a one-pot iron-mediated construction of the carbazole skeleton and a nickle-mediated prenylation as the key-steps.
    通过使用一锅介导的咔唑骨架结构和raz介导的烯丙基化作为关键步骤,描述了自然产生的自由基清除剂(±)-neocarazostatin B的第一个全合成。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
hnmr
mass
cnmr
ir
raman
  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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