MAJOR METABOLIC REACTION WAS DEETHYLATION OF ETHOXYQUIN WHICH PRODUCED 6-HYDROXY-2,2,4-TRIMETHYL-1,2-DIHYDROQUINOLINE & 2,2,4-TRIMETHYL-6-QUINOLINE. OTHER REACTIONS WERE HYDROXYLATION TO FOUR DIFFERENT HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES & ONE DIHYDROXYLATED METABOLITE.
An avg of 28 & 36% of dose of radioactivity was recovered in bile in 12 & 24 hr respectively following intragastric admin of (14)C-ethoxyquin to bile duct cannulated rats. Biliary radioactive substances included, in addn to unchanged ethoxyquin...8-hydroxyethoxyquin; hydroxylated 8-hydroxyethoxyquin; 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinolone; hydroxylated 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-8-quinolone; 6-ethoxy-2,4-dimethylquinoline; and 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-quinolone.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
对人类无致癌性（未列入国际癌症研究机构IARC清单）。
No indication of carcinogenicity to humans (not listed by IARC).
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
副作用
职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素：在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒病例。
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
ELEVATION OF EPOXIDE HYDRATASE ACTIVITY IS OBTAINED BY IP OR ORAL TREATMENT OF MICE WITH ETHOXYQUIN. THIS ELEVATION IS PREVENTED BY CONCOMITANT TREATMENT WITH CYCLOHEXIMIDE.
SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF ETHOXYQUIN (200 MG/KG) TO RATS INHIBITED HEPATIC MICROSOMAL HYDROXYLATION OF THIABENDAZOLE, ANILINE & BIPHENYL BY 65, 40 & 40% IN VITRO AT 1 HR AFTER DOSAGE. ORAL ETHOXYQUIN (400 MG/KG) DELAYED ABSORPTION OF & DECR PLASMA CONCN OF THIABENDAZOLE.
The effects of dietary administration of ethoxyquin on aflatoxin B1 metabolism, DNA adduct formation and removal and hepatic tumorigenesis were examined in male Fischer rats. Rats were fed a semipurified diet containing 0.4% ethoxyquin for 1 wk, gavaged with 250 ug of aflatoxin B1 per kg 5 times a wk during the next 2 wk, and finally restored to the control diet 1 wk after cessation of dosing. At 4 mo, focal areas of hepatocellular alteration were identified and quantitated by staining sections of liver for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Treatment with ethoxyquin reduced by greater than 95% both area and volume of liver occupied by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive foci. Utilizing the same multiple dosing protocol, patterns of covalent modifications of DNA by aflatoxin B1 were determined. Ethoxyquin produced a dramatic reduction in the binding of aflatoxin B1 to hepatic DNA: 18-fold initially and 3-fold at the end of the dosing period. Although binding was detectable at 3 and 4 mo postdosing, no effect of ethoxyquin was observed, suggesting that these persistent adducts are not of primary relevance to aflatoxin B1 carcinogenesis. Analysis of nucleic acid bases by high-performance liquid chromatography revealed no qualitative differences in adduct species between treatment groups. The inhibitory effect of ethoxyquin on aflatoxin B1 binding to DNA and tumorigenesis appears related to induction of detoxication enzymes. Rats fed 0.4% ethoxyquin for 7 days showed a 5-fold increase in hepatic cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST)-specific activities. Multiple molecular forms of glutathione S-transferase were induced, and concomitant elevations in messenger RNA levels coding for the synthesis of glutathione S-transferase subunits were observed. Correspondingly, billary elimination of aflatoxin B1-glutathione conjugate was increased 4.5-fold in animals on the ethoxyquin diet during the first 2 hr following oral administration of 250 micrograms of aflatoxin B1 per kg. Thus, induction by ethoxyquin of enzymes important to aflatoxin B1 detoxication, such as glutathione S-transferase can lead to enhanced carcinogen elimination, as well as reductions of aflatoxin B1-DNA adduct formation and subsequent expression of preneoplastic lesions, and, ultimately, neoplasia.
FEEDING TRIAL IN COWS WAS CONDUCTED TO DETERMINE WHETHER ETHOXYQUIN OR ITS RESIDUES ARE TRANSFERRED FROM FEED TO MILK WHEN ADDED TO COW FEED AT 0.015% OF DRY MATTER INTAKE. LESS THAN 7 UG ETHOXYQUIN/L WAS DETECTED IN MILK BY FLUORIMETRY & BY THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY.
(14)C-ETHOXYQUIN WAS DISTRIBUTED THROUGHOUT MOST TISSUES & BLOOD AT 0.5 HR AFTER ADMIN TO RATS. HIGHEST RADIOACTIVITY THROUGHOUT EXPERIMENT WAS OBSERVED IN LIVER, KIDNEY, GI TRACT & ADIPOSE TISSUE. THERE WAS NO ACTIVITY IN CNS. OF DOSE INGESTED BY RAT 2.2 & 0.2% WERE FOUND IN LIVER AT 0.5 HR & 6 DAYS RESPECTIVELY FOLLOWING DOSE. HEPATIC PEAK IN RADIOACTIVITY WAS MEASURED AT 8 HR; & AFTER 6 DAYS 7.5% OF THIS LEVEL WAS STILL PRESENT IN LIVER. 6 DAYS AFTER ADMIN TO RATS RESIDUES OF ETHOXYQUIN & METABOLITES WERE PRESENT IN KIDNEY CORTEX, INTESTINES, LUNG, VARIOUS ADIPOSE TISSUES & BLOOD.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
这种化合物容易被吸收、代谢，并随尿液和粪便排出。
The compound is readily absorbed, metabolized, and excreted in urine and feces.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
小鼠组织中的乙氧基喹残留量是通过高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定的。给小鼠喂食含有0、0.125和0.5%乙氧基喹盐酸的粉末饲料，并在2、4、6、10和14周后（每组4只小鼠）测定肝脏、肾脏、肺和脑组织中的乙氧基喹残留量。组织样本在乙腈-水（7:3 v/v）的10倍体积（w/v）中匀浆，离心后，将上清液储存在冰箱中2-3小时，或者直到两层分离；然后分析清晰的上层。组织中乙氧基喹的平均残留量在0.84-4.58微克乙氧基喹/克肝脏和0.11-0.92微克乙氧基喹/克大脑之间。接受乙氧基喹的小鼠的肝脏相对重量（5.21-7.07%体重）和肝脏谷胱甘肽水平（5.99-7.83 uM GSH/克组织）显著高于对照组（4.67-5.05%体重和4.30-5.78 uM GSH/克组织）。在饮食中添加乙氧基喹14周后，高剂量乙氧基喹喂养组的小鼠肝脏线粒体谷胱甘肽平均水平大约是对照组和低剂量乙氧基喹喂养组（分别为0.83和0.74 nM GSH/毫克蛋白）的两倍（1.68 nM GSH/毫克蛋白）。
Ethoxyquin residue levels in the mouse tissue were determined by the HPLC-fluorometric detection method. Mice were given powdered feed containing 0, 0.125, and 0.5% ethoxyquin hydrochloric acid and the ethoxyquin residue levels in liver kidney, lung, and brain tissues were determined after 2, 4, 6, 10, and 14 wk (4 mice/group). The tissue samples were homogenized in 10 volumes (w/v) of acetonitrile-water (7:3 v/v) centrifuged and the supernatants were stored in a freezer for 2-3 hr or until the two layers separated; then the clear upper layers were analyzed. The mean ethoxyquin residue levels in the tissue ranged 0.84-4.58 ug ethoxyquin/g liver and 0.11-0.92 ug ethoxyquin/g brain. The relative weight of the liver (5.21-7.07% body weight) and the hepatic glutathione level (5.99-7.83 uM GSH/g tissue) of mice that received ethoxyquin were significantly higher than those of the controls (4.67-5.05% body weight and 4.30-5.78 uM GSH/g tissue, respectively). The mean hepatic mitochondrial glutathione levels of the higher ethoxyquin feeding group following dietary administration of ethoxyquin for 14 wk, was approximately twofold (1.68 nM GSH/mg protein) of both the control and the lower ethoxyquin feeding groups (0.83 and 0.74 nM GSH/mg protein, respectively.
Multifaceted approach toward mapping out the anticancer properties of small molecules via in vitro evaluation on melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer cells, and in silico target fishing
Compounds of the formula (I) wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, useful as a pesticides, especially fungicides.
式(I)的化合物，其中取代基如权利要求1所定义，作为杀虫剂特别是杀菌剂有用。
Thieno-pyrimidine compounds having fungicidal activity
申请人：Brewster Kirkland William
公开号：US20070093498A1
公开（公告）日：2007-04-26
The present invention relates to thieno[2,3-d]-pyrimidine compounds having fungicidal activity.
本发明涉及具有杀真菌活性的噻吩[2,3-d]-嘧啶化合物。
Molecules having pesticidal utility, and intermediates, compositions, and processes, related thereto
申请人：Dow AgroSciences LLC
公开号：US20180279612A1
公开（公告）日：2018-10-04
This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Nematoda, processes to produce such molecules, intermediates used in such processes, pesticidal compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such pesticidal compositions against such pests. These pesticidal compositions may be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, and nematicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula (“Formula One”).
To provide novel pesticides, especially insecticides or acaricides.
A condensed heterocyclic compound represented by the formula (1) or its salt or an N-oxide thereof:
wherein D substituted with —S(O)
n
R
1
is a ring represented by any one of D1, D2 and D3, Q is a ring represented by any one of Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, R
1
is C
1
-C
6
alkyl, C
1
-C
6
haloalkyl, (C
1
-C
6
) alkyl optionally substituted with R
1a
, C
2
-C
6
alkenyl, C
2
-C
6
haloalkenyl, C
2
-C
6
alkynyl, C
2
-C
6
haloalkynyl, C
3
-C
6
cycloalkyl, C
3
-C
6
halocycloalkyl, C
3
-C
6
cycloalkyl (C
1
-C
6
) alkyl, C
3
-C
6
halocycloalkyl (C
1
-C
6
) alkyl or hydroxy (C
1
-C
6
) alkyl, R
1a
is C
1
-C
8
alkoxycarbonyl, and n is an integer of 0, 1 or 2.
[EN] MOLECULES HAVING PESTICIDAL UTILITY, AND INTERMEDIATES, COMPOSITIONS, AND PROCESSES, RELATED THERETO<br/>[FR] MOLÉCULES PRÉSENTANT UNE UTILITÉ EN TANT QUE PESTICIDE, ET LEURS INTERMÉDIAIRES, COMPOSITIONS ET PROCÉDÉS
申请人：DOW AGROSCIENCES LLC
公开号：WO2017040194A1
公开（公告）日：2017-03-09
This disclosure relates to the field of molecules having pesticidal utility against pests in Phyla Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Nematoda, processes to produce such molecules, intermediates used in such processes, pesticidal compositions containing such molecules, and processes of using such pesticidal compositions aga inst such pests. These pesticidal compositions may be used, for example, as acaricides, insecticides, miticides, molluscicides, and nematicides. This document discloses molecules having the following formula ("Formula One").
