Although the exact mechanism has not been determined, it appears that all methylpyridines are oxidized to their respective aromatic acids. ...Formation of an N-oxide also occurs with 4-methylpyridine.
The biotransformations of gamma-picoline were investigated in the rat. Wistar rats were admin gamma-picoline by stomach tube at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight. Urine was collected for 24 hours in the presence of acetic acid while expired air was sampled in 5% aqueous sulfuric acid. gamma-Picoline and metabolites were extracted from the samples and characterized by chromatographic analysis and mass spectrometry. Unmetabolized gamma-picoline was identified in both expired air and 24 hour urine; excreted amounts were approx 2.5% in each. The mass spectral characteristics of gamma-picoline-N-oxide, methylisonicotinate and methylisonicotinurate in the urine were examined; excreted amounts were 1.5%, 50% and 5% respectively. The /results suggest/ that two metabolic pathways for gamma-picoline are observed: N-oxidation leads to the formation of N-oxide; and methyloxidation leads to the formation of isonicotinic acid excreted mainly unchanged and partly as the glycine conjugate isonicotinuric acid.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 4-Methylpyridine is a colorless liquid with an obnoxious, sweetish odor. It is used as a solvent in synthesis of pharmaceuticals, resins, dyestuffs, rubber accelerators, and pesticides.It is also used in the production of antituberculosis agent, isoniazid; waterproofing agents fo fabrics; as a laboratory reagent, catalyst, and curing agent. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Symptoms include occasional diarrhea, weight loss, anemia, and ocular and facial paralysis. 4-Methylpyridine induced a dose-related increased frequency of sister chromatid exchange in human lymphocyte cultures from three individuals. Chromosomal aberrations induced by 4-methylpyridine included: chromatid breaks; centromeric, intermediate and terminal chromosome breaks; terminal and interstitial deletions; translocation; dicentric chromosomes; and isochromosomes. ANIMAL STUDIES: 4-Methylpyridine was severely irritating in rabbit skin tests. It is a potent inhibitor of red cell cholinesterase and an effective miotic inhibitor in mice and rabbits. Adrenal cortisol production also is inhibited by 4-methylpyridine treatment. In neurophysilogical tests in rats 3-methylpyridine and 2-methylpyridine affected electrophysiological parameters more than did 4-methylpyridine. 4-Methylpyridine was not mutagenic in Chinese hamster lung cells, and it was not mutagenic when tested with Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
这种物质可以通过吸入、皮肤接触和摄入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
皮肤症状
可能是被吸收了!干燥的皮肤。发红。灼热感。疼痛。水泡。更多信息请见吸入部分。
MAY BE ABSORBED! Dry skin. Redness. Burning sensation. Pain. Blisters. Further see Inhalation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
眼睛症状
红斑。疼痛。严重深度烧伤。
Redness. Pain. Severe deep burns.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
吸收、分配和排泄
4-吡啶醇在肝脏、大脑和肾脏中的停留时间比其他取代吡啶醇短。消除过程是通过双相过程发生的。
It was found that 4-picoline has a shorter residence time than the other substituted picolines in the liver, brain and kidney. Elimination occurred vua a biphasic process.
[EN] SUBSTITUTED BENZYLAMINE COMPOUNDS, THEIR USE IN MEDICINE, AND IN PARTICULAR THE TREATMENT OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) INFECTION<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE BENZYLAMINE SUBSTITUÉS, LEUR UTILISATION EN MÉDECINE, EN PARTICULIER DANS LE TRAITEMENT D'UNE INFECTION PAR LE VIRUS DE L'HÉPATITE C (VHC)
申请人:ASTEX THERAPEUTICS LTD
公开号:WO2013064538A1
公开(公告)日:2013-05-10
The invention provides compounds of the formula (I): or a salt, N-oxide or tautomer thereof, wherein A is CH, CF or nitrogen; E is CH, CF or nitrogen; and R0 is hydrogen or C1-2 alkyl; R1a is selected from CONH2; CO2H; an optionally substituted acyclic C1-8 hydrocarbon group; and an optionally substituted monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group of 3 to 7 ring members, of which 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 are heteroatom ring members selected from O, N and S; R2 is selected from hydrogen and a group R2a; R2a is selected from an optionally substituted acyclic d-8 hydrocarbon group; an optionally substituted monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic group of 3 to 7 ring members, of which 0, 1 or 2 ring members are heteroatom ring members selected from O, N and S; and an optionally substituted bicyclic heterocyclic group of 9 or 10 ring members, of which 1 or 2 ring members are nitrogen atoms; wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is other than hydrogen; R3 is an optionally substituted 3- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring containing 0, 1, 2 or 3 heteroatom ring members selected from N, O and S; R4a is selected from halogen; cyano; C1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; C1-4 alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; hydroxy-C1-4 alkyl; and C1-2 alkoxy-C1-4 alkyl; R5 is selected from hydrogen and a substituent R5a; and R5a is selected from C1-2 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; C1-3 alkoxy optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms; halogen; cyclopropyl; cyano; and amino, The compounds have activity against hepatitis C virus and can be used in the prevention or treatment of hepatitis C viral infections.
Transferhydrogenation reactions are of great interest to reduce diverse molecules under mild reaction conditions. To date, this type of reaction has only been successfully applied to alkenes, alkynes and polarized unsaturated compounds such as ketones, imines, pyridines, etc. The reduction of benzene derivatives by transferhydrogenation has never been described, which is likely due to the high energy
Sequential 1,3-<i>N</i>- to <i>C</i>- and 1,3-<i>C</i>- to <i>C</i>-Migration of Sulfonyl Groups through the Synthesis of 1,4-Diazepines from the Aza-[5 + 2] Cycloaddition of Indoloazomethine Ylides
作者:Namrim Heo、Ilyong Jung、Dae Kyum Kim、Sang Hoon Han、Kooyeon Lee、Phil Ho Lee
DOI:10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02333
日期:2020.8.21
sequential 1,3-N- to C- and 1,3-C- to C-migration of sulfonyl groups through the synthesis of 1,4-diazepines from an operationally simple thermal aza-[5 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of indoloazomethine ylides with dialkylacetylenedicarboxylates under mild conditions, leading to the formation of C-sulfonylated 1,4-diazepines.
Can Heteroarenes/Arenes Be Hydrogenated Over Catalytic Pd/C Under Ambient Conditions?
作者:Nao Tanaka、Toyonobu Usuki
DOI:10.1002/ejoc.202000695
日期:2020.9.14
Pd/C‐mediated dearomatic hydrogenation underambientconditions such as balloon pressure and room temperature can be a powerful tool for constructing alicyclic skeletons. Density functional theory calculations have been performed to confirm the mechanistic aspects and the utility of the established methodology has been demonstrated by donepezil synthesis.
Design, Synthesis, and Antiproliferative Activity of 3,4-Diarylpyrazole-1-carboxamide Derivatives Against Melanoma Cell Line
作者:Mohammed I. El-Gamal、Hong Seok Choi、Hae-Guk Cho、Jun Hee Hong、Kyung Ho Yoo、Chang-Hyun Oh
DOI:10.1002/ardp.201000375
日期:2011.11
Synthesis of a new series of 3,4‐diarylpyrazole‐1‐carboxamide derivatives is described. Their antiproliferativeactivityagainst A375P human melanomacellline was tested and the effect of substituents on the diarylpyrazole scaffold was investigated. The biological results indicated that five synthesized compounds (Ig, Ii, IIc, IIg, and IIh) exhibited similar activity to Sorafenib. In addition, three