Rabbits and rats dosed with 1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane excrete 2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropionic acid and N-acetyl-S-2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)-L-cysteine. The administration produces a marked fall in hepatic glutathione level.
Studies with PGE in rats and rabbits have shown evidence for two key mechanisms in the metabolism of PGE: hydrolysis of the epoxide group and glutathione conjugation. In rats, the capacity for glutathione (GSH) conjugation is limited and the ratio of GSH conjugation and hydrolysis decreases with increasing exposure to PGE. Urinary metabolites identified for rat following subcutaneous administration of PGE were 3-phenyloxylacetic acid (up to 94% of the administered dose) and small quantities of the mercapturic acid of phenyl glycidyl ether (N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl)-L-cysteine) ... A novel metabolite (N-acetyl-O-phenylserine) derived from transamination from the epoxide hydrolysis pathway was described.
The urinary excretion of metabolites of phenyl glycidyl ether (PGE) and o-cresyl glycidyl ether (o-CGE) was investigated in rats. Urine was collected, in fractions, from rats intraperitoneally administered PGE or o-CGE in doses ranging from 0.033 to 1.0 mmol/kg. The metabolites were extracted from acidified urine with ethyl acetate or diethyl ether, and their identity was elucidated by GC/MS analysis. The epoxide of PGE can be inactivated by glutathione (GSH) conjugation or epoxide hydrolysis. After further metabolism, these routes lead to the urinary excretion of phenyl glycidyl ether mercapturic acid (PGEMA) and 3-(phenyloxy)lactic acid (POLA). The excretion of PGEMA and POLA was described before and is confirmed in this study. Additionally, a new metabolite was identified as N-acetyl-O-phenylserine (NAPS), which is proposed to be formed from POLA by subsequent oxidation, transamination, and N-acetylation. For PGEMA a linear dose-excretion relationship was found (r2 = 0.988), and the percentage of the dose excreted declined from 27% to 10% with increasing PGE dose. For NAPS also a linear dose-excretion relationship was found (r2 = 0.985), and NAPS accounted for 27% of the PGE dose. The excretion of PGEMA and NAPS was rather fast: 93% and 75%, respectively, of the respective total cumulative amounts excreted was already collected within 6 hr after administration.
Evaluation: No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of phenyl glycidyl ether were available. There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of phenyl glycidyl ether. Overall evaluation: Phenyl glycidyl ether is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌性证据
A3;已确认对动物有致癌性,但对人类的相关性未知。
A3; Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans.
IARC Monographs:Volume 47: (1989) Some Organic Solvents, Resin Monomers and Related Compounds, Pigments and Occupational Exposures in Paint Manufacture and Painting
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
吸收、分配和排泄
Phenyl glycidyl ether percutaneous absorption rates were 13.5 mg/sq cm/hr in rats & 4.2 mg/sq cm/hr for rabbits.
环氧苯乙烷通过大鼠的皮肤吸收速率为13.5毫克/平方厘米/小时,通过兔子的皮肤吸收速率为4.2毫克/平方厘米/小时。
Phenyl glycidyl ether percutaneous absorption rates were 13.5 mg/sq cm/hr in rats & 4.2 mg/sq cm/hr for rabbits.
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Facile Room-Temperature MgBr<sub>2</sub>· OEt<sub>2</sub>-Catalyzed Thiolysis of Epoxides Under Solvent-Free Conditions
作者:Mohammad M. Mojtahedi、M. Saeed Abaee、Mohammad Bolourtchian、Hassan Abbasi
DOI:10.1080/10426500601088697
日期:2007.2.15
Solvent-free ring opening of 1,2-epoxides with aromatic and aliphatic thiols under 1 mol% magnesium bromide ethyletherate catalysis affords rapid formation of β-hydroxy sulfides at ambient temperature with excellent yields. Nucleophilic attack of the thiols occurs regioselectively at the less hindered position of the epoxides.
Fluoroalcohols: versatile solvents in hypervalent iodine chemistry and syntheses of diaryliodonium(III) salts
作者:Toshifumi Dohi、Nobutaka Yamaoka、Yasuyuki Kita
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2010.04.116
日期:2010.7
hypervalent iodine reagents has found extensive applications with the aid of the fluoroalcohols to produce highly reactive catalytic species under mild conditions. The fluoroalcohols are now widely used as versatile solvents not only in hypervalent iodine chemistry, but also in other organic syntheses. This manuscript for the Special Issue deals with the background of the hypervalent iodine chemistry
Asymmetric hydrolytic kinetic resolution with recyclable polymeric Co(<scp>iii</scp>)–salen complexes: a practical strategy in the preparation of (S)-metoprolol, (S)-toliprolol and (S)-alprenolol: computational rationale for enantioselectivity
作者:Tamal Roy、Sunirmal Barik、Manish Kumar、Rukhsana I. Kureshy、Bishwajit Ganguly、Noor-ul H. Khan、Sayed H. R. Abdi、Hari C. Bajaj
DOI:10.1039/c4cy00594e
日期:——
epoxide (up to 46% compared to 50% theoretical yield) along with high enantioselectivity (up to 99%) were obtained in most cases using catalyst 1. Further studies showed that catalyst 1 could retain its catalyticactivity for six cycles under the present reaction conditions without any significant loss in activity or enantioselectivity. To show the practical applicability of the above synthesized catalyst
Naphthyloxy acetic acid derivatives and a pharmaceutical composition comprising them as an active ingredient
申请人:Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
公开号:US06335366B2
公开(公告)日:2002-01-01
The naphthyloxyacetic acid derivatives of the formula (I)
wherein A is H, -(alkylene)COOR1, -(alkylene)CONR2R3, -(alkylene)OH, -(alkylene)tetrazole, -(alkylene)CN; E is single bond or alkylene; G is —S—, —SO—, —SO2—, —O— or —NR4—; L is alkylene, —(CH2)m—CH═CH—(CH2)n— or —(CH2)x—CH(OH)—(CH2)y—; M is phenyl, phenyl(thio, oxy, amino), diphenylmethyl, diphenylmethyl(thio, oxy, amino), and pharmaceutical composition comprising them as an active ingradient. The compounds of the formula (I) can combine PGE2 receptor and exhibit the activity to antagonize or agonize for PGE2 receptor. Therefore, they are useful as anti-hyperlipemia, for the prevention of abortion, for analgesics, as antidiarrheals, sleep inducer, diuretic, anti-diabetes, abortient, cathartics, antiulcer, anti-gastritis or antihypertensive etc.
METHOXYACRYLATE-BASED FUNGICIDE AND METHODS FOR PREPARING AND USING THE SAME
申请人:YANG Guangfu
公开号:US20100292285A1
公开(公告)日:2010-11-18
A pharmaceutical composition of fungicide including at least a compound represented by Formula (I).
The pharmaceutical composition of fungicide can further include an emulsifier, a cosolvent, a stabilizer, and a solvent. The fungicide can prevent and treat powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mold, brown spot, scab of vegetables and fruits, southern leaf blight of corn, rice false smut, citrus stem-end rot, and rape sclerotinia rot, with high efficiency, low toxicity, and relative environmental friendliness. A method of preparing the fungicide and a method of using thereof are also provided.