糖类化合物
糖类化合物是由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成的有机物，在化学结构上表现为多羟基醛酮及其衍生物的聚合物。这些物质广泛存在于植物界，是植物体的主要组成成分之一，在植物的生理和生化过程中发挥着重要作用。
根据其结构的不同，糖类可以分为单糖（如葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖等）、双糖（如蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖等）以及多糖（如淀粉、肝糖元、肌糖元等）。单糖是最简单的碳水化合物，它们是不能进一步被水解的含有多个羟基的醛或酮，习惯上称为醛糖和酮糖。例如，葡萄糖是一种己醛糖，果糖则为己酮糖，核糖则是戊醛糖。一般而言，单糖中的碳原子数目不超过10个，在自然界中主要存在的单糖是5至6个碳原子的化合物。
双糖是由两个分子的单糖结合后脱去一分子水形成的；而多糖是由数百乃至数千个葡萄糖分子组成的聚合物。当多糖被彻底水解时，会生成数千个单糖分子。典型的例子包括淀粉和纤维素等。
糖类化合物与人类生活息息相关，是人体获取能量的主要来源之一。此外，它们在药物领域也扮演着重要角色，例如病人可能需要使用葡萄糖注射液或右旋糖酐进行血浆制剂，而某些中药中的糖类成分如茯苓次聚糖、猪苓多糖和香菇多糖具有抗癌活性。
糖是绿色植物光合作用的主要产物之一，并且是维持动植物生命活动所需能量的重要来源。此外，它们也是人类饮食中不可或缺的组成部分，在工业上更是扮演着重要角色，应用于建筑、造纸、制药及食品等多个领域。近年来，关于糖类化合物的研究呈现出两个主要方向：一是化学家致力于人工合成糖类化合物以长远考虑社会的发展需求；二是探索糖与生命过程之间的关系，揭示在生物体内糖与其他分子如蛋白质和核酸的相互作用机制。
随着科学技术的进步，人们对糖类化合物的认识也在不断深入。未来，这些研究有望为人类提供新的食品来源及药物开发方向。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-(-)-古洛糖酸-gamma-内酯 | D-gulono-1,4-lactone | 6322-07-2 | C6H10O6 |
|
| D-(+)-葡萄糖一水合物 | α-D-glucose monohydrate | 14431-43-7 | C6H12O6*H2O |
|
| D-(+)-纤维三糖 | cellotriose | 33404-34-1 | C18H32O16 |
|
| D-(+)-核糖酸-1,4-内酯 | D-Ribono-1,4-lactone | 5336-08-3 | C5H8O5 |
|
| D(+)松三糖,水合 | Melezitose dihydrate | 10030-67-8 | C18H36O18 |
|
| D(+)-海藻糖二水合物 | Trehalose dihydrate | 6138-23-4 | C12H26O13 |
|
| D(+)-五水棉子糖 | D(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate | 17629-30-0 | C18H42O21 |
|
| BETA-1,3-葡聚糖 | (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,5S,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,5-diol | 9012-72-0 | C18H32O14 |
|
| B-D-龙胆 | Isomaltotriose | 3371-50-4 | C18H32O16 |
|
| Alpha-葡萄糖苷酶 | 2,5-dideoxy-2,5-iminomannitol | 59920-31-9 | C6H13NO4 |
|
| Alpha-D-葡萄糖1,6-二磷酸钾盐水合物 | Tetrapotassium 1,6-di-O-phosphonato-alpha-D-glucopyranose | 91183-87-8 | C6H10K4O12P2 |
|
| ALFHA-酸性蛋白糖 | Glycoprotein | 66455-27-4 | C28H47N5O18 |
|
| 9-Β-D-糖呋喃鸟嘌呤 | 9-β-D-arabinofuranosylguanine | 38819-10-2 | C10H13N5O5 |
|
| 8-羟基喹啉基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸钠盐 | Sodium (2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(quinolin-8-yloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylate | 207728-71-0 | C15H14NNaO7 |
|
| 8-羟基喹啉基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 8-hydroxyquinoline-β-D-glucopyranoside | 29266-96-4 | C15H17NO6 |
|
| 8-羟基喹啉基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 8-hydroxyquinoline-β-D-galactopyranoside | 113079-84-8 | C15H17NO6 |
|
| 7-(α-D-吡喃葡糖氧基)-4-甲基-2H-1-苯并吡喃-2-酮 | 4-methylumbelliferyl α-D-glucopyranoside | 17833-43-1 | C16H18O8 |
|
| 6A-叠氮基-6A-脱氧-β-环糊精 | mono(6-azido-6-deoxy)β-cyclodextrin | 98169-85-8 | C42H69N3O34 |
|
| 6-脱氧阿卓糖 | 6-deoxy-D-altrose | 634-74-2 | C6H12O5 |
|
| 6-脱氧-beta-d-吡喃葡萄糖苷甲酯 | tetrahydro-2-methoxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol | 71116-57-9 | C7H14O5 |
|
| 6-脱氧-D-葡萄糖 | D-quionovose | 7658-08-4 | C6H12O5 |
|
| 6-溴-2-萘基α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-α-D-galactopyranoside | 25997-59-5 | C16H17BrO6 |
|
| 6-溴-2-萘基Α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | (6-Brom-[2]naphthyl)-α-<i>D</i>-glucopyranosid | 25696-57-5 | C16H17BrO6 |
|
| 6-溴-2-萘基Α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷 | 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-α-D-mannopyranoside | 28541-84-6 | C16H17BrO6 |
|
| 6-溴-2-萘基BETA-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷酸 | 6-bromo-2-naphthyl glucuronide | 22720-35-0 | C16H15BrO7 |
|
| 6-溴-2-萘基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-D-galactopyranoside | 15572-30-2 | C16H17BrO6 |
|
| 6-溴-2-萘基-Β-D-吡喃葡糖苷 | 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β-D-glucopyranoside | 15548-61-5 | C16H17BrO6 |
|
| 6-溴-2-萘基 β-D-吡喃木糖苷 | 6-Bromo-2-naphthyl beta-D-xylopyranoside | 69594-75-8 | C15H15BrO5 |
|
| 6-氯-3-吲哚基-Α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷 | 6-Chloro-3-indolyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside | 425427-88-9 | C14H16ClNO6 |
|
| 6-氯-3-吲哚基-Α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 6-Chloro-3-indolyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside | 198402-61-8 | C14H16ClNO6 |
|
| 6-氯-3-吲哚基-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 6-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl-beta-D-galactopyranoside | 138182-21-5 | C14H16ClNO6 |
|
| 6-氯-3-吲哚基-Alpha-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 6-chloro-3-indol-α-D-glucopyranoside | 467214-46-6 | C14H16ClNO6 |
|
| 6-氨基糖精 | 6-aminosaccharin | 22094-62-8 | C7H6N2O3S |
|
| 6-氨基二氢吲哚盐酸盐 | 1,3:4,6-di-O-benzylidene-D-mannitol | 28224-73-9 | C20H22O6 |
|
| 6-氨基-6-脱氧-D-葡萄糖盐酸盐 | 6-Amino-6-desoxy-D-glucose; Hydrochlorid | 55324-97-5 | C6H13NO5*ClH |
|
| 6-叠氮-6-脱氧-D-半乳糖 | 6-azido-6-deoxy-D-galactose | 66927-03-5 | C6H11N3O5 |
|
| 6-alpha-D-吡喃葡萄糖基麦芽三糖 | 6-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl maltotriose | 34336-93-1 | C24H42O21 |
|
| 6-O-乙酰氧-2,3,4-三(2-甲基丙酰氧)-β-D-呋喃果糖-6-乙酰基-1,3,4-三-O-(2-甲基-1-氧丙基)-α-D-吡喃葡糖苷 | alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, beta-D-fructofuranosyl, diacetate hexakis(2-methylpropanoate) | 126-13-6 | C40H62O19 |
|
| 6-O-beta-D-半乳糖基-D-葡萄糖 | allolactose | 28447-39-4 | C12H22O11 |
|
| 5-脱氧-L-阿拉伯糖 | 5-deoxy-L-arabinose | 13039-56-0 | C5H10O4 |
|
| 5-硫代-D-葡萄糖 | 5-Thio-D-glucose | 20408-97-3 | C6H12O5S |
|
| 5-溴-6-氯-3-吲哚基-beta-D-半乳糖苷 | (5-bromo-6-chloroindol-3-yl) β-D-galactopyranoside | 93863-88-8 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
|
| 5-溴-6-氯-3-吲哚-Β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 5-Bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 93863-89-9 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
|
| 5-溴-6-氯-3-吲哚-Α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(5-bromo-6-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 198402-60-7 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
|
| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基N-乙酰基-beta-D-氨基葡萄糖苷 | N-((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-((5-Bromo-6-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide | 5609-91-6 | C16H18BrClN2O6 |
|
| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸 | 5-bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl-β-glucuronide | 144110-42-9 | C14H13BrClNO7 |
|
| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-beta-l-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | (5-Bromo-4-chloro-indol-3-yl)-β-L-fucopyranoside | 125328-84-9 | C14H15BrClNO5 |
|
| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-beta-d-吡喃甘露糖苷 | (2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-((5-Bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol | 129787-67-3 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
|
| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-beta-D-吡喃葡糖苷 | (5-bromo-4-chloroindol-3-yl) β-D-glucopyranoside | 15548-60-4 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
|
| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-alpha-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 5-bromo-4-chloroindoxyl α-D-galactopyranoside | 107021-38-5 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
|
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