糖类化合物
糖类化合物是由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成的有机物，在化学结构上表现为多羟基醛酮及其衍生物的聚合物。这些物质广泛存在于植物界，是植物体的主要组成成分之一，在植物的生理和生化过程中发挥着重要作用。
根据其结构的不同，糖类可以分为单糖（如葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖等）、双糖（如蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖等）以及多糖（如淀粉、肝糖元、肌糖元等）。单糖是最简单的碳水化合物，它们是不能进一步被水解的含有多个羟基的醛或酮，习惯上称为醛糖和酮糖。例如，葡萄糖是一种己醛糖，果糖则为己酮糖，核糖则是戊醛糖。一般而言，单糖中的碳原子数目不超过10个，在自然界中主要存在的单糖是5至6个碳原子的化合物。
双糖是由两个分子的单糖结合后脱去一分子水形成的；而多糖是由数百乃至数千个葡萄糖分子组成的聚合物。当多糖被彻底水解时，会生成数千个单糖分子。典型的例子包括淀粉和纤维素等。
糖类化合物与人类生活息息相关，是人体获取能量的主要来源之一。此外，它们在药物领域也扮演着重要角色，例如病人可能需要使用葡萄糖注射液或右旋糖酐进行血浆制剂，而某些中药中的糖类成分如茯苓次聚糖、猪苓多糖和香菇多糖具有抗癌活性。
糖是绿色植物光合作用的主要产物之一，并且是维持动植物生命活动所需能量的重要来源。此外，它们也是人类饮食中不可或缺的组成部分，在工业上更是扮演着重要角色，应用于建筑、造纸、制药及食品等多个领域。近年来，关于糖类化合物的研究呈现出两个主要方向：一是化学家致力于人工合成糖类化合物以长远考虑社会的发展需求；二是探索糖与生命过程之间的关系，揭示在生物体内糖与其他分子如蛋白质和核酸的相互作用机制。
随着科学技术的进步，人们对糖类化合物的认识也在不断深入。未来，这些研究有望为人类提供新的食品来源及药物开发方向。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| —— | 6-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | 3063-04-5 | C7H12O7 |
|
| —— | D-Talose, 2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy- | 134-61-2 | C8H15NO6 |
|
| —— | D-Ribose, 5-O-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)diphenylsilyl]-2,3-O-(1-methylethylidene)- | 141607-35-4 | C24H32O5Si |
|
| —— | benzyl hepta-O-acetyl-α,β-cellobioside | 57764-18-8 | C33H42O18 |
|
| —— | anhydrotetracycline hydrochloride | 4465-65-0 | C22H22N2O7*2ClH |
|
| —— | D-Glucopyranose hydrate (1:1) | 14431-43-7 | 2C6H12O6*H2O*ClNa |
|
| —— | Methyl 2-O-acetyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-a-D-glucopyranoside | 2774-23-4 | C16H20O7 |
|
| —— | ammonium-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-lyxooctulosonate | 20595-77-1 | C8H14O8*H3N |
|
| —— | β-cyclomannin | 7585-39-9 | C42H70O35 |
|
| —— | β-cyclomannin | 7585-39-9 | C42H70O35 |
|
| —— | 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-ξ-D-talopyranosyl bromide | 572-09-8 | C14H19BrO9 |
|
| —— | cyclo<->4)-<O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)>5-O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->> | 10016-20-3 | C36H60O30 |
|
| —— | cyclo<->4)-<O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->4)>5-O-α-D-mannopyranosyl-(1->> | 10016-20-3 | C36H60O30 |
|
| —— | α-cyclodextrin | 10016-20-3 | C36H60O30 |
|
| —— | O1,O2,O3,O4-Tetraacetyl-O6-(tri-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-ξ-D-galactopyranose | 5239-09-8 | C26H36O17 |
|
| —— | pentasodium 5-phosphoribosyl-α-1-pyrophosphate | 87372-47-2 | C5H8O14P3*5Na |
|
| —— | D-Galactose, O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)- | 1109-28-0 | C18H32O16 |
|
| —— | sodium,[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl [hydroxy-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphosphoryl] phosphate | 6858-46-4 | C15H22N2O17P2*2Na |
|
| —— | β-ACETYLDIGOXIN | 5355-48-6 | C43H66O15 |
|
| —— | α-D-MANNOSE-1-PHOSPHATE DIPOTASSIUM SALT DIHYDRATE | 2040-69-9 | C6H11O9P*2K |
|
| —— | 3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-methyl-2-phenyl-1-{4-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl}-1-pentanone | 57-48-7 | C6H12O6 |
|
| —— | P'-[2-(acetylamino)-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranosyl] ester uridine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), disodium salt | 91183-98-1 | C17H25N3O17P2*2Na |
|
| —— | D-Allopyranose | 50-99-7 | C6H12O6 |
|
| —— | methyl-2,3-didehydro-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminate | 73960-72-2 | C20H27NO12 |
|
| —— | α,α-trehalose (dihydrate form) | 6138-23-4 | C12H22O11*2H2O |
|
| —— | α,α-trehalose*2D2O | 6138-23-4 | C12H22O11*.2(2)H2O |
|
| —— | 4-O-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-mannose | 63-42-3 | C12H22O11 |
|
| —— | LACTOSE, MONOHYDRATE | 5989-81-1 | C12H22O11*H2O |
|
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>4</sup>-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranose; compound with calcium bromide | 5989-81-1 | C12H22O11*7H2O*Br2Ca |
|
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>4</sup>-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranose; compound with calcium iodide | 5989-81-1 | C12H22O11*3H2O*CaI2 |
|
| —— | <i>O</i><sup>4</sup>-β-D-galactopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranose; compound with calcium chloride | 5989-81-1 | C12H22O11*7H2O*CaCl2 |
|
| —— | (-)-1,6-Anhydro-α-L-gulopyranose | 498-07-7 | C6H10O5 |
|
| —— | 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-glucose | 56883-39-7 | C6H11N3O5 |
|
| —— | L(+)-Arabinose, 99+% | 87-72-9 | C5H10O5 |
|
| —— | (2R)-2-phenyl-2-[(2R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxyacetonitrile | 29883-15-6 | C20H27NO11 |
|
| —— | Barium(2+);(2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-oxopentyl) phosphate | 15673-79-7 | C5H9BaO8P |
|
| —— | stachyose hydrate | 10094-58-3 | C24H42O21*H2O |
|
| —— | (3S,4R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(3S,4S,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,6-tris(oxidanyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-oxane-3,4,5-triol | 9004-34-6 | C12H22O11 |
|
| —— | ZINC;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate | 9000-07-1 | C23H23FN4O7Zn |
|
| —— | Sodium 6-(4-acetamidophenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-2-oxanecarboxylate | 120595-80-4 | C14H16NNaO8 |
|
| —— | (3,5-Diacetyloxy-4-fluoranyl-oxolan-2-yl)methyl ethanoate | 444586-86-1 | C11H15FO7 |
|
| —— | Muramic acid hydrate | 1114-41-6 | C9H17NO7 |
|
| —— | disodium;[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-5-oxohexyl] phosphate | 26177-86-6 | C6H11Na2O9P |
|
| —— | alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, beta-D-fructofuranosyl O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1.fwdarw.6)-, pentahydrate | 17629-30-0 | C18H32O16.5H2O |
|
| —— | L-threonate | 70753-61-6 | C4H7O5 |
|
| —— | Disodium;[3-acetamido-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] [[5-(2,4-dioxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methoxy-oxidophosphoryl] phosphate | 108320-87-2 | C17H25N3Na2O17P2 |
|
| —— | Disodium;(2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-5-oxohexyl) phosphate | 26177-86-6 | C6H11Na2O9P |
|
| —— | Kestose, 1- | 470-69-9 | C18H32O16 |
|
| —— | 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-gluconhydroximo-1,5-lactone | 132152-76-2 | C8H14N2O6 |
|
| —— | (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-4-[(2R,3R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexanal | 13117-26-5 | C12H22O11 |
|
联系我们
关注我们
公众号
