糖类化合物
糖类化合物是由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成的有机物，在化学结构上表现为多羟基醛酮及其衍生物的聚合物。这些物质广泛存在于植物界，是植物体的主要组成成分之一，在植物的生理和生化过程中发挥着重要作用。
根据其结构的不同，糖类可以分为单糖（如葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖等）、双糖（如蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖等）以及多糖（如淀粉、肝糖元、肌糖元等）。单糖是最简单的碳水化合物，它们是不能进一步被水解的含有多个羟基的醛或酮，习惯上称为醛糖和酮糖。例如，葡萄糖是一种己醛糖，果糖则为己酮糖，核糖则是戊醛糖。一般而言，单糖中的碳原子数目不超过10个，在自然界中主要存在的单糖是5至6个碳原子的化合物。
双糖是由两个分子的单糖结合后脱去一分子水形成的；而多糖是由数百乃至数千个葡萄糖分子组成的聚合物。当多糖被彻底水解时，会生成数千个单糖分子。典型的例子包括淀粉和纤维素等。
糖类化合物与人类生活息息相关，是人体获取能量的主要来源之一。此外，它们在药物领域也扮演着重要角色，例如病人可能需要使用葡萄糖注射液或右旋糖酐进行血浆制剂，而某些中药中的糖类成分如茯苓次聚糖、猪苓多糖和香菇多糖具有抗癌活性。
糖是绿色植物光合作用的主要产物之一，并且是维持动植物生命活动所需能量的重要来源。此外，它们也是人类饮食中不可或缺的组成部分，在工业上更是扮演着重要角色，应用于建筑、造纸、制药及食品等多个领域。近年来，关于糖类化合物的研究呈现出两个主要方向：一是化学家致力于人工合成糖类化合物以长远考虑社会的发展需求；二是探索糖与生命过程之间的关系，揭示在生物体内糖与其他分子如蛋白质和核酸的相互作用机制。
随着科学技术的进步，人们对糖类化合物的认识也在不断深入。未来，这些研究有望为人类提供新的食品来源及药物开发方向。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4-硝基苯-BETA-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | Orthonitrophenyl-beta-D-fucopyranoside | 1154-94-5 | C12H15NO7 |
| 4-硝基苯-BETA-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | p-nitrophenyl-β-D-fucopyranoside | 1226-39-7 | C12H15NO7 |
| 4-甲氧苯基3,4,6-三-O-乙酰-2-脱氧-2-苯二甲酰亚氨基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 4-methoxylphenzyl 2-deoxy-2-phthalimido-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside | 138906-41-9 | C27H27NO11 |
| 4-甲氧苯基2,6-二-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 4-methoxyphenyl 2,6-di-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranoside | 159922-50-6 | C27H30O7 |
| 4-甲氧苯基2,6-二-O-苄基-3,4-O-异亚丙基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 4-methoxyphenyl 2,6-di-O-benzyl-3,4-O-isopropylidene-β-D-galactopyranoside | 159922-68-6 | C30H34O7 |
| 4-甲氧苯基-Alpha-D-吡喃甘露糖苷 | p-methoxyphenyl α-D-mannopyranoside | 28541-75-5 | C13H18O7 |
| 4-甲氧苯基-3-O-烯丙基-4,6-O-苯亚甲基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 4-methoxyphenyl 3-O-allyl-4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-galactopyranoside | 400091-05-6 | C23H26O7 |
| 4-甲氧苯基-3,4-O-异亚丙基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 4-methoxyphenyl 3,4-O-isopropylidene-β-D-galactopyranoside | 159922-67-5 | C16H22O7 |
| 4-甲氧苯基-2,4,6-三-O-苄基-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | p-methoxyphenyl 2,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranoside | 247027-79-8 | C34H36O7 |
| 4-甲氧苯基-2,3,4,6-四-O-苄基-Β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | p-methoxyphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-D-galactopyranoside | 143536-99-6 | C41H42O7 |
| 4-甲氧苯基-2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | p-methoxyphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranoside | 14581-81-8 | C21H26O11 |
| 4-甲氧苯基-2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-Alpha-D-吡喃甘露糖苷 | p-methoxyphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranoside | 17042-40-9 | C21H26O11 |
| 4-甲氧基苯基Β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 4-methoxyphenyl β-D-glucopyranoside | 6032-32-2 | C13H18O7 |
| 4-甲氧基苯基-Β-D-半乳糖苷 | 4-methoxyphenyl β-D-galactopyranoside | 3150-20-7 | C13H18O7 |
| 4-甲基香豆素基-Β-L-吡喃岩藻糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-L-fucopyranoside | 72601-82-2 | C16H18O7 |
| 4-甲基香豆素基-Β-D-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-ribofuranoside | 195385-93-4 | C15H16O7 |
| 4-甲基香豆素基-Β-D-吡喃岩藻糖苷 | 7-((6-Deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranosyl)oxy)-4-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one | 55487-93-9 | C16H18O7 |
| 4-甲基香豆素基-Β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷-6-硫酸 | 1-O-(4-methylumbellifer-7-yl)-β-D-galactose-6-sulfate | 126938-14-5 | C16H18O11S |
| 4-甲基香豆素基-Α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl α-L-arabinopyranoside | 69414-26-2 | C15H16O7 |
| 4-甲基香豆素基-Alpha-L-吡喃艾杜糖醛酸钠盐 | 4-Methylumbelliferyl a-L-idopyranosiduronic acid sodium salt | 89157-94-8 | C16H15NaO9 |
| 4-甲基香豆素基-2,3,4,6-四-氧-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 4′-methylumbelliferyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranoside | 67945-53-3 | C24H26O12 |
| 4-甲基香豆素-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | N-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-Dihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-2-(4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yloxy)-tetrahydro-pyran-3-yl]-acetamide | 37067-30-4 | C18H21NO8 |
| 4-甲基伞形酯-N-乙酰-Β-D-氨基半乳糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl-2-acetamide-2-deoxy-β-D-galactosamide | 36476-29-6 | C18H21NO8 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮酰-Β-D-吡喃葡糖酸苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-glucopyranoside | 18997-57-4 | C16H18O8 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮酰-Β-D-吡喃木糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-xyloside | 6734-33-4 | C15H16O7 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮基-Alpha-D-吡喃甘露糖苷 | 4-methylumbellifer-7-yl α-D-mannopyranoside | 28541-83-5 | C16H18O8 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮基 beta-D-N,N’-二乙酰基壳二糖糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl N,N'-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside | 53643-12-2 | C26H34N2O13 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮-Β-D-纤维素二糖苷 | 4-methylumbellifer-7-yl-β-D-cellobioside | 72626-61-0 | C22H28O13 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮-Β-D-纤维三糖苷 | 7-[5-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-methylchromen-2-one | 84325-18-8 | C28H38O18 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮-Α-N-乙酰基神经氨酸苷钠盐 | 4-MUNANA | 76204-02-9 | C21H24NO11*Na |
| 4-甲基伞形酮-alpha-l-岩藻吡喃糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl α-L-fucopyranoside | 54322-38-2 | C16H18O7 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮-a-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷 | 7-hydroxy-4-methylcoumarin-7-yl α-L-arabinofuranoside | 77471-44-4 | C15H16O7 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮-Alpha-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl α-D-galactopyranoside | 38597-12-5 | C16H18O8 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮-2-乙酸胺基-2-脱氧-Α-D-吡喃葡糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside | 80265-04-9 | C18H21NO8 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮 beta-D-甘露糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-mannopyranoside | 67909-30-2 | C16H18O8 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮 N,N',N''-三乙酰基-beta-壳丙糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-N,N′,N″-triacetylchitotrioside | 53643-13-3 | C34H47N3O18 |
| 4-甲基伞形酮 2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基-alpha-D-吡喃甘露糖苷 | 4′-methylumbelliferyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranoside | 28541-71-1 | C24H26O12 |
| 4-甲基伞形-β-D-乳吡喃糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-lactoside | 84325-23-5 | C22H28O13 |
| 4-甲基-7-乙酰氧基香豆素-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside | 6160-78-7 | C16H18O8 |
| 4-氯苯基-Β-D-葡萄糖苷 | 2-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 4756-30-3 | C12H15ClO6 |
| 4-氯苯基-2-乙酰氨基-3,4,6-三-氧-乙酰基-2-脱氧-Β-D-葡萄糖苷 | p-chlorophenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside | 50729-97-0 | C20H24ClNO9 |
| 4-氯苯基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-Β-D-葡萄糖苷 | 4-chlorophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyarnoside | 50730-05-7 | C14H18ClNO6 |
| 4-氯-3-吲哚基beta-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 4-Chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactopyranoside | 135313-63-2 | C14H16ClNO6 |
| 4-氨基苯基-Β-D-吡喃纤维二糖苷 | p-aminophenyl β-cellobioside | 42935-24-0 | C18H27NO11 |
| 4-氨基苯基-beta-l-岩藻吡喃糖苷 | 4-aminophenyl β-L-fucopyranoside | 69936-58-9 | C12H17NO5 |
| 4-氨基苯基-alpha-D-吡喃甘露糖苷 | p-aminophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside | 34213-86-0 | C12H17NO6 |
| 4-氨基苯基-1-硫代-β-D-葡萄糖苷 | (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-((4-aminophenyl)thio)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol | 58737-22-7 | C12H17NO5S |
| 4-异硫氰基苯基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 4-Isothiocyanatophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside | 20581-41-3 | C13H15NO6S |
| 4-异硫氢酸苯基-Α-D-甘露糖苷 | [p-isothiocyanato]-phenyl α-D-mannopyranoside | 96345-79-8 | C13H15NO6S |
| 4-O-乙酰基-2,5-酐-1,3-O-异亚丙基-6-O-三苯甲游基-D-葡萄烯糖 | Acetic acid (4aS,6R,7R,7aR)-2,2-dimethyl-6-trityloxymethyl-tetrahydro-furo[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-7-yl ester | 65729-83-1 | C30H32O6 |
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