糖类化合物
糖类化合物是由碳、氢、氧三种元素组成的有机物，在化学结构上表现为多羟基醛酮及其衍生物的聚合物。这些物质广泛存在于植物界，是植物体的主要组成成分之一，在植物的生理和生化过程中发挥着重要作用。
根据其结构的不同，糖类可以分为单糖（如葡萄糖、果糖、半乳糖等）、双糖（如蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖等）以及多糖（如淀粉、肝糖元、肌糖元等）。单糖是最简单的碳水化合物，它们是不能进一步被水解的含有多个羟基的醛或酮，习惯上称为醛糖和酮糖。例如，葡萄糖是一种己醛糖，果糖则为己酮糖，核糖则是戊醛糖。一般而言，单糖中的碳原子数目不超过10个，在自然界中主要存在的单糖是5至6个碳原子的化合物。
双糖是由两个分子的单糖结合后脱去一分子水形成的；而多糖是由数百乃至数千个葡萄糖分子组成的聚合物。当多糖被彻底水解时，会生成数千个单糖分子。典型的例子包括淀粉和纤维素等。
糖类化合物与人类生活息息相关，是人体获取能量的主要来源之一。此外，它们在药物领域也扮演着重要角色，例如病人可能需要使用葡萄糖注射液或右旋糖酐进行血浆制剂，而某些中药中的糖类成分如茯苓次聚糖、猪苓多糖和香菇多糖具有抗癌活性。
糖是绿色植物光合作用的主要产物之一，并且是维持动植物生命活动所需能量的重要来源。此外，它们也是人类饮食中不可或缺的组成部分，在工业上更是扮演着重要角色，应用于建筑、造纸、制药及食品等多个领域。近年来，关于糖类化合物的研究呈现出两个主要方向：一是化学家致力于人工合成糖类化合物以长远考虑社会的发展需求；二是探索糖与生命过程之间的关系，揭示在生物体内糖与其他分子如蛋白质和核酸的相互作用机制。
随着科学技术的进步，人们对糖类化合物的认识也在不断深入。未来，这些研究有望为人类提供新的食品来源及药物开发方向。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基β-D-葡萄糖苷酸钠盐 | 129541-41-9 | C14H13BrClNNaO7 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基N-乙酰基-beta-D-氨基葡萄糖苷 | N-((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-((5-Bromo-6-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)acetamide | 5609-91-6 | C16H18BrClN2O6 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸 | 5-bromo-6-chloro-3-indoxyl-β-glucuronide | 144110-42-9 | C14H13BrClNO7 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-beta-l-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | (5-Bromo-4-chloro-indol-3-yl)-β-L-fucopyranoside | 125328-84-9 | C14H15BrClNO5 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-beta-d-吡喃甘露糖苷 | (2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-2-((5-Bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol | 129787-67-3 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-beta-D-吡喃葡糖苷 | (5-bromo-4-chloroindol-3-yl) β-D-glucopyranoside | 15548-60-4 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-alpha-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 5-bromo-4-chloroindoxyl α-D-galactopyranoside | 107021-38-5 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-N-乙酰-beta-D-氨基葡萄糖苷 | 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolylacetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide | 4264-82-8 | C16H18BrClN2O6 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-D-吡喃葡糖苷 | 5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl alpha-D-glucopyranoside | 108789-36-2 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-BETA-D-葡糖苷酸环己胺盐 | 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-glucuronide cyclohexylammonium salt | 114162-64-0 | C20H26BrClN2O7 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚半乳糖苷 | X-gal | 7240-90-6 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-α-D-N-乙酰神经氨酸钠盐 | X-Neu5Ac | 160369-85-7 | C19H22BrClN2NaO9 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-Β-D-纤维二糖糖苷 | 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-cellobioside | 177966-52-8 | C20H25BrClNO11 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-Β-D-吡喃木糖苷 | (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-((5-Bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol | 207606-55-1 | C13H13BrClNO5 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-Α-D-麦芽三糖糖苷 | 5-Bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-alpha-D-maltotriose | 341972-94-9 | C26H35BrClNO16 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚-alpha-D-甘露糖苷 | 5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl alpha-D-mannopyranoside | 125229-64-3 | C14H15BrClNO6 |
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| 5-溴-4-氯-1H-吲哚-3-基6-脱氧-BETA-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(5-bromo-4-chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)oxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 17016-46-5 | C14H15BrClNO5 |
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| 5-溴-3-吲哚基-beta-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | (5-bromoindol-3-yl)-β-D-galactopyranoside | 97753-82-7 | C14H16BrNO6 |
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| 5-氯-2-氟三氟甲苯 | D-rhamnose | 609-01-8 | C6H12O5 |
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| 5-叠氮基-5-脱氧-D-果糖 | 5-azido-5-deoxy-D-fructopyranose | 94801-02-2 | C6H11N3O5 |
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| 5-乙酰氨基-4,7,8,9-四-O-乙酰基-3,5-双脱氧-2-S-苯基-2-硫基-D- | (4S,5R,6R)-4-Acetoxy-5-acetylamino-2-phenylsulfanyl-6-((1S,2R)-1,2,3-triacetoxy-propyl)-tetrahydro-pyran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 155155-64-9 | C26H33NO12S |
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| 5-O-苯甲酰基-1,2-二-O-乙酰基-3-脱氧-D-呋喃核糖 | 1,2-di-O-acetyl-5-O-benzoyl-3-deoxy-D-erythropentose | 4613-71-2 | C16H18O7 |
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| 5-O-烯丙基-2,3,4-三-O-苄基-D-核糖醇 | 5-O-allyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-D-ribitol | 111549-97-4 | C29H34O5 |
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| 5-O-三苯甲基-2,3-O-异亚丙基-D-呋喃核糖 | 2,3-O-isopropylidene-5-O-trityl-D-ribofuranose | 55726-19-7 | C27H28O5 |
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| 5,6-二氯-1-β-D-呋喃核糖基苯并咪唑 | 5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribobenzimidazole | 53-85-0 | C12H12Cl2N2O4 |
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| 4-脱氧-4-氟代-D-葡糖糖 | 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-D-glucose | 29218-07-3 | C6H11FO5 |
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| 4-脱氧-4-氟-D-甘露糖 | 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-D-mannose | 87764-47-4 | C6H11FO5 |
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| 4-胺苯苯基-1-硫代-beta-D-半乳糖苷 | p-Aminophenyl 1-thio-β-D-galaktopyranosid | 29558-05-2 | C12H17NO5S |
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| 4-硝基苯基-β-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷 | p-nitrophenyl-β-L-arabinopyranoside | 72732-54-8 | C11H13NO7 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-β-D-纤维二糖苷 | p-nitrophenyl β-D-cellobioside | 3482-57-3 | C18H25NO13 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-β-D-纤维三糖苷 | 4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-cellotrioside | 106927-48-4 | C24H35NO18 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷 | 4-nitrophenyl 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside | 1230-27-9 | C12H15NO7S |
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| 4-硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷 | 4-nitrophenyl α-D-galactoside | 7493-95-0 | C12H15NO8 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-Β-D-麦牙糖苷 | p-nitrophenyl β-D-maltoside | 56846-39-0 | C18H25NO13 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-Β-D-硫代甘露糖苷 | p-nitrophenyl 1-thio-β-D-mannopyranoside | 55385-51-8 | C12H15NO7S |
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| 4-硝基苯基-Β-D-乳糖苷 | p-nitrophenyl β-lactoside | 4419-94-7 | C18H25NO13 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-Β-D-N,N’ N’-三乙酰壳三糖糖苷 | 4-Nitrophenyl beta-D-N,N',N''-triacetylchitotriose | 7699-38-9 | C30H44N4O18 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-N-乙酰-beta-D-半乳胺 | p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranoside | 14948-96-0 | C14H18N2O8 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-D-吡喃葡糖苷 | 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside | 3150-24-1 | C12H15NO8 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-BETA-D-吡喃甘露糖苷 | 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-mannopyranoside | 35599-02-1 | C12H15NO8 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-BETA-D-吡喃木糖苷 | p-nitrophenyl β-D-xylopyranoside | 2001-96-9 | C11H13NO7 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-ALPHA-L-阿拉伯糖甙 | p-nitrophenyl α-L-arabinofuranoside | 6892-58-6 | C11H13NO7 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-4,6-O-环己叉-Β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | p-nitrophenyl 4,6-O-cyclohexylidene-β-D-mannopyranoside | 102717-16-8 | C18H23NO8 |
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| 4-硝基苯基-2-乙酰氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 4-nitrophenyl N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminide | 3459-18-5 | C14H18N2O8 |
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| 4-硝基苯基 4-O-(2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基-beta-D-吡喃半乳糖基)-2,3,6-O-三乙酰基-beta-D-硫代吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 4-nitrophenyl 2,3,6,2',3',4',6'-hepta-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-lactoside | 27894-81-1 | C32H39NO19S |
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| 4-硝基苯基 4,6-O-(苯基亚甲基)-beta-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | p-nitrophenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside | 61169-00-4 | C19H19NO8 |
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| 4-硝基苯-Β-D-葡萄糖苷酸 | p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucuronide | 10344-94-2 | C12H13NO9 |
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| 4-硝基苯-Β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 4-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucoside | 2492-87-7 | C12H15NO8 |
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| 4-硝基苯-Α-L-吡喃海藻糖苷 | (4-nitro-phenyl)-α-<i>L</i>-fucopyranoside | 10231-84-2 | C12H15NO7 |
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| 4-硝基苯-N-乙酰基-Alpha-D-氨基葡糖苷 | 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-desoxy-2-acetylamino-α-D-glucopyranoside | 10139-02-3 | C14H18N2O8 |
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