双糖又称为二糖,是由两个单糖分子组成的糖类化合物。常见的有蔗糖、乳糖和麦芽糖。
值得注意的是,游离的麦芽糖和纤维二糖并不天然存在于自然界中。前者为淀粉的部分水解产物,后者是纤维素的部分水解产物。
蔗糖、乳糖和麦芽糖都是优质的食品原料,也用作工业用途。在医药领域,蔗糖常用于生产右旋糖酐;而乳糖则可用作片剂或散剂的赋形剂或稀释剂。
双糖大致分为两类:有还原性的麦芽糖型双糖(如麦芽糖和乳糖)以及无还原性的海藻糖型双糖。其中,麦芽糖是淀粉的水解产物,由两个葡萄糖分子组成;乳糖特异地存在于人和动物乳汁中,由一分子葡萄糖和半乳糖构成。
在消化道中,存在一些特定酶类可分解这些双糖,例如麦芽糖酶、乳糖酶和蔗糖酶。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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龙胆二糖 | <i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucose | 554-91-6 | C12H22O11 |
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麦芽酮糖一水合物 | maltulose, keto form | 17606-72-3 | C12H22O11 |
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麦芽糖醇 | MALTITOL | 585-88-6 | C12H24O11 |
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麦芽糖一水合物 | D-(+)-Maltose monohydrate | 6363-53-7 | C12H22O11.H2O |
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麦芽三糖醇 | maltotriitol | 32860-62-1 | C18H34O16 |
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阿脲一水合物 | alloxan monohydrate | 2244-11-3 | C4H2N2O4*H2O |
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蜜二糖 | melibiose | 585-99-9 | C12H22O11 |
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蔗糖铁 | iron(2+);(2S,3S,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyhexanedioate | 8047-67-4 | C6H8FeO8 |
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蔗糖月桂酸酯 | Sucrose laurate | 25339-99-5 | C24H44O12 |
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蔗糖八乙酸酯 | sucrose octaacetate | 126-14-7 | C28H38O19 |
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蔗糖一癸酸钠 | [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] decanoate | 31835-06-0 | C22H40O12 |
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蔗糖 | Sucrose | 57-50-1 | C12H22O11 |
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苦杏仁苷 | amygdalin | 29883-15-6 | C20H27NO11 |
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苄基 O-七乙酰基-beta-D-乳糖苷 | (2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(((2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-diacetoxy-2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(benzyloxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate | 67310-53-6 | C33H42O18 |
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芦丁糖,芸香糖 | rutinose | 90-74-4 | C12H22O10 |
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纤维素二糖 | Cellobiose | 16462-44-5 | C12H22O11 |
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正十二烷基-alpha-D-麦芽糖苷 | n-dodecyl α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-α-D-glucopyranoside | 116183-64-3 | C24H46O11 |
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正丙基BETA-乳糖苷 | 2-[4,5-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-propoxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 98302-29-5 | C15H28O11 |
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柚皮苷 | naringin | 10236-47-2 | C27H32O14 |
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松二糖 | D-turanose | 547-25-1 | C12H22O11 |
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松二糖 | 3-o-Hexopyranosylhex-2-ulopyranose | 547-25-1 | C12H22O11 |
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昆布二糖 | laminaribiose | 34980-39-7 | C12H22O11 |
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新橙皮甙二氢查尔酮 | neohesperidin | 20702-77-6 | C28H36O15 |
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异麦芽糖醇 | isomaltitol | 534-73-6 | C12H24O11 |
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异麦芽糖 | isomaltose | 499-40-1 | C12H22O11 |
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帕拉金糖 | isomaltulose | 13718-94-0 | C12H22O11 |
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己基-β-D-麦芽糖苷 | hexyl β-D-maltoside | 870287-95-9 | C18H34O11 |
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对硝基苯基麦芽糖苷 | p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-α-D-glucopyranoside | 3482-57-3 | C18H25NO13 |
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对氨基苯基 beta-D-乳吡喃糖苷 | p-Aminophenyl 4-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside | 17691-02-0 | C18H27NO11 |
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壬基-β-D-麦芽糖苷 | n-nonyl β-D-maltoside | 106402-05-5 | C21H40O11 |
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唾液乳糖 | N-glycolylneuraminic acid | 35890-38-1 | C23H39NO19 |
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十四烷基-β-D-麦芽糖苷 | tetradecyl-β-D-maltoside | 18449-82-6 | C26H50O11 |
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十六烷基-β-D-麦芽糖苷 | n-hexadecyl α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-β-D-glucopyranoside | 98064-96-1 | C28H54O11 |
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十二烷基-β-D-麦芽糖苷 | lauryl maltoside | 69227-93-6 | C24H46O11 |
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十二烷基-β-D-硫代麦芽糖苷 | β-thiododecyl D-maltobioside | 148565-58-6 | C24H46O10S |
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十一烷基ALPHA-D-麦芽糖苷 | Undecyl alpha-D-maltopyranoside | 168037-13-6 | C23H44O11 |
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十一烷基-β-D-硫代麦芽糖苷 | Undecyl 4-O-Alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-1-Thio-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside | 148565-57-5 | C23H44O10S |
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乳糖醇 | lactitol | 585-86-4 | C12H24O11 |
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乳糖酸 | lactobionic acid | 96-82-2 | C12H22O12 |
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乳糖 | lactose monohydrate | 10039-26-6 | C12H22O11*H2O |
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乳糖 | lactose | 14641-93-1 | C12H22O11 |
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乳糖 | D-(+)-lactose | 63-42-3 | C12H22O11 |
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乳糖 | alpha-lactose monohydrate | 5989-81-1 | C12H22O11*H2O |
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三氯蔗糖 | Sucralose | 56038-13-2 | C12H19Cl3O8 |
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七醋酸芸香糖酯 | hepta-O-acetylrutinose | 29202-64-0 | C26H36O17 |
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一水乳糖 | d-(+)-Lactose monohydrate | 64044-51-5 | C12H24O12 |
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β-乳糖 | LACTOSE | 5965-66-2 | C12H22O11 |
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β-D-麦芽糖八乙酸酯 | 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-2,3,6-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl acetate | 22352-19-8 | C28H38O19 |
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N,N'-二乙酰基壳二糖 | (GlcNAc)<sub>2</sub> | 35061-50-8 | C16H28N2O11 |
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D-纤维二糖烯 | maltal | 490-51-7 | C12H20O9 |
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