Elbasvir is partially eliminated by oxidative metabolism meditated by CYP3A. No circulating metabolites of elbasvir have been detected in human plasma.
来源:DrugBank
毒理性
毒性总结
所有强度中最常见的不良反应(在安慰剂对照试验中大于或等于5%)是疲劳、头痛和恶心。
The most commonly reported adverse reactions of all intensity (greater than or equal to 5% in placebo-controlled trials) were fatigue, headache, and nausea.
In large randomized controlled trials, serum aminotransferase elevations more than 5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) occurred in 1% of Zepatier treated patients, but were infrequent in placebo recipients. The elevations were generally asymptomatic and short-lived, often arising after the first 4 weeks of therapy and resolving with or without dose modification and only rarely requiring early discontinuation. In some instances, ALT levels rose above 10 times the upper limit of normal, but these elevations were not accompanied by symptoms or jaundice and were invariably self-limited. In the many preregistration trials, Zepatier was not associated with instances of clinically apparent liver injury.
However, two forms of liver injury have been associated with direct-acting antiviral agents used to treat chronic hepatitis C, and these reactions appear to occur with all regimens. The first is acute decompensation of HCV-related cirrhosis. The liver injury usually arises within 2 to 6 weeks of starting antiviral therapy, but can occur later and even after discontinuation. The injury is marked by worsening jaundice and appearance of signs of hepatic failure such as ascites or hepatic encephalopathy, often with little or no change in serum aminotransferase levels. Lactic acidosis may be present early. The course is variable but calls for prompt discontinuation of treatment despite successful suppression of HCV RNA levels. Some instances have led to death or need for emergency liver transplantation. For this reason, patients with cirrhosis undergoing antiviral therapy with potent direct acting agents, such as Zepatier, should be monitored carefully, particularly during the first few weeks of treatment. This syndrome has not been clearly linked to therapy with grazoprevir and elbasvir, but this regimen has not been evaluated in patients with advanced cirrhosis due to hepatitis C.
A second, liver complication of therapy of chronic hepatitis C is reactivation of hepatitis B. This occurs most frequently in patients who have HBsAg in serum but rare instances have arisen in subjects with anti-HBc without HBsAg. The cause of the reactivation of hepatitis B during antiviral therapy of hepatitis C is unknown, but may relate to the inhibition of HBV replication during HCV replication. For this reason, patients with hepatitis C who are to receive antiviral therapy should be screened for HBsAg and anti-HBc. Those with HBsAg are best managed by concurrent treatment with an antiviral agent active against HBV, such as entecavir or tenofovir. Subjects with anti-HBc without HBsAg rarely experience reactivation and can be managed by careful monitoring for HBV DNA levels during treatment and institution of therapy for HBV if levels appear de novo or rise significantly. Reactivation of hepatitis B has been described with many regimens, although not specifically with grazoprevir and elbasvir.
Likelihood score: E* (unproven but suspected cause of clinically apparent liver injury).
来源:LiverTox
毒理性
蛋白质结合
Elbasvir与血浆蛋白的结合率超过99.9%。它与人类血清白蛋白和α1-酸性糖蛋白都有结合。
Elbasvir is more than 99.9% bound to plasma proteins. It binds both human serum albumin and α1-acid glycoprotein.
Elbasvir reaches peak plasma concentration 3-6 hours after administration and has an absolute bioavailability of 32%. When co-administered with food, the peak concentration of elbasvir increases 1.5-fold, but this increase in exposure is not likely to be clinically relevant.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
消除途径
Elbasvir 主要通过粪便消除(90%),通过尿液消除的非常少(<1%)。
Elbasvir is mainly eliminated in the feces (90%) with very little eliminated in the urine (<1%).
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
分布容积
Elbasvir的估计表观分布容积为680升。据认为它分布到大多数组织中,包括肝脏。
Elbasvir has an estimated apparent volume of distribution of 680 liters. It is thought to distribute into most tissues including the liver.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
清除
Elbasvir的清除率尚未确定。
The clearance of elbasvir has not been determined.
[EN] AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ELBASVIR AND ITS SALT THEREOF [FR] PROCÉDÉ AMÉLIORÉ POUR LA PRÉPARATION D'ELBASVIR ET SON SEL CORRESPONDANT
[EN] PROCESS FOR MAKING TETRACYCLIC HETEROCYCLE COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION DE COMPOSÉS HÉTÉROCYCLIQUES TÉTRACYCLIQUES
申请人:MERCK SHARP & DOHME
公开号:WO2016004899A1
公开(公告)日:2016-01-14
The present invention is directed to a process for making Tetracyclic Heterocycle Compounds of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X1, X2, R1, R2 and R3 are defined above herein. The present invention is also directed to compounds that are useful as synthetic intermediates in the process of the invention.
[EN] TETRACYCLIC INDOLE DERIVATIVES FOR TREATING HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS D'INDOLES TÉTRACYCLIQUES POUR LE TRAITEMENT D'UNE INFECTION PAR LE VIRUS DE L'HÉPATITE C
申请人:MERCK SHARP & DOHME
公开号:WO2012041014A1
公开(公告)日:2012-04-05
Tetracyclic indole derivatives of formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salts and the pharmaceutical compositions thereof are provided, wherein A, A', G, R1, R15, U, V, V, W, W, X, X', Y, Y' are as defined in the invention. Use of these derivatives for treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is also provided.
[EN] TETRACYCLIC INDOLE DERIVATIVES AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF FOR THE TREATMENT OF VIRAL DISEASES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS D'INDOLES TÉTRACYCLIQUES ET LEURS MÉTHODES D'UTILISATION POUR LE TRAITEMENT DE MALADIES VIRALES
申请人:MERCK SHARP & DOHME
公开号:WO2012040923A1
公开(公告)日:2012-04-05
The present invention relates to novel Tetracyclic Indole Derivatives of Formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein A, A', G, R1, R15, U, V, V', X, X', Y and Y' are as defined herein. The present invention also relates to compositions comprisingat least one Tetracyclic Indole Derivative, and methods of using the Tetracyclic Indole Derivatives for treating or preventing HCV infection in a patient.
[EN] PAN-GENOMIC INHIBITORS OF NS5A PROTEIN ENCODED BY HCV, PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS, INTERMEDIATES FOR INHIBITOR SYNTHESIS, AND THEIR SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION METHODS.<br/>[FR] INHIBITEURS PAN-GÉNOMIQUES DE LA PROTÉINE NSSA CODÉE PAR LE VIRUS DE L'HÉPATITE C (VHC), COMPOSITIONS PHARMACEUTIQUES, INTERMÉDIAIRES POUR LA SYNTHÈSE DE CES INHIBITEURS, ET PROCÉDÉS DE SYNTHÈSE ET D'APPLICATION DE CEUX-CI
申请人:IVACHTCHENKO ALEXANDRE VASILIEVICH
公开号:WO2017039791A1
公开(公告)日:2017-03-09
Compound represented by formula 1 : or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a hydrate, a crystalline form, or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein: where R11 is an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyloxy, and arrows (<— ) indicate the position of substituents attachment; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, or C1-C4alkyl; R3 is an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted aryloxy, an optionally substituted arylsulfanyl, an optionally substituted arylamino, or an optionally substituted nitrogen hetaryl; where R41 is an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, an optionally substituted C3-C6 cycloalkyl, or an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyloxy; X is buta-1,3-diynylene or 1,4-phenylene; arrows (<— ) indicate the position of substituents attachment.
Discovery of MK-8742: An HCV NS5A Inhibitor with Broad Genotype Activity
作者:Craig A. Coburn、Peter T. Meinke、Wei Chang、Christine M. Fandozzi、Donald J. Graham、Bin Hu、Qian Huang、Stacia Kargman、Joseph Kozlowski、Rong Liu、John A. McCauley、Amin A. Nomeir、Richard M. Soll、Joseph P. Vacca、Dahai Wang、Hao Wu、Bin Zhong、David B. Olsen、Steven W. Ludmerer
DOI:10.1002/cmdc.201300343
日期:2013.12
The NS5A protein plays a critical role in the replication of HCV and has been the focus of numerous research efforts over the past few years. NS5Ainhibitors have shown impressive in vitro potency profiles in HCV replicon assays, making them attractive components for inclusion in all oral combination regimens. Early work in the NS5A arena led to the discovery of our first clinical candidate, MK‐4882