Iodochlorohydroxyquinoline is a cream-colored to brownish-yellow powder. Practically odorless. Decomposes at 178-179°C. Used as a topical anti-infective.
颜色/状态:
Brownish-yellow, bulky powder
气味:
Practically odorless
稳定性/保质期:
Clioquinol darkens on exposure to light.
分解:
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /hydrogen chloride, hydrogen iodide and nitrogen oxides/.
碰撞截面:
138.2 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]
Emesis induction is indicated after adult ingestion of 1,500 to 1,800 mg of clioquinol if there is no coma, convulsions, or loss of gag reflex. Otherwise, gastric lavage with tracheal protection, activated charcoal, and cathartics. There are no data on the use of forced diuresis, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, hemoperfusion, or exchange transfusion in the treatment of halogenated 8-hydroxyquinoline poisonings. There are no antidotes.
Beginning in 1956, an epidemic of a new GI neurologic syndrome, subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy, occurred in Japan. When it was publicly announced on August 7, 1970, approximately 10,000 cases had already been reported. Its etiologic agent was identified as iodochlorhydroxyquin. By September 8, 1970, all halogenated hydroxyquinolines were removed from the market in Japan. Since then, the epidemic has not recurred.
Criteria for the diagnosis of subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy. Cardiac Signs: Abdominal symptoms (abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc.) before the onset of neurological symptoms. Acute or subacute onset of bilateral ascending paresthesia and dysesthesia of the lower extremities. Other Major Signs: Impairment of deep sensation and weakness in the lower limbs, with or without pyramidal signs. Less commonly, sensorimotor disturbances in the upper limbs. Occasionally, one or more of the following: a. Bilateral impairment of vision. b. Disturbances of consciousness, convulsions, psychic symptoms, and other cerebral symptoms. c. Greenish discoloration of the tongue and feces. d. Sphincter disturbances. Protracted course with occasional relapses. No significant laboratory findings in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Rare occurrence in children.
... There have been many similar cases of subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy scattered in various parts of the world affecting adults, with convincing histories relating clioquinol to disturbances of vision, with varying deg of spinal cord involvement. Visual disturbances have ranged from impairment of discrimination of colors to blindness from optic atrophy, with moderate involvement in the form of central scotomas with symmetrically reduced visual acuity. Clinical ophthalmoscopic abnormality appears to be limited to pallor of the disc in eyes with optic atrophy. In a number of cases there has been improvement of vision during several months after administration of clioquinol was discontinued. No treatment has been effective other than stopping administration of clioquinol.
Topical absorption is rapid and extensive, especially when the skin is covered with an occlusive dressing or if the medication is applied to extensive or eroded areas of the skin. Clioquinol is absorbed through the skin in sufficient amounts to affect thyroid function tests.
Clioquinol is absorbed systemically following topical application to the skin. In 2 studies in which clioquinol combined with a corticosteroid was applied topically to the skin as a cream or ointment, it was estimated that about 2-3% of the dose was absorbed systemically. However, in another study in which the drug was applied alone to the skin as a 3% cream and covered with an occlusive wrap for 12 hr, it was estimated that about 40% of the dose was absorbed percutaneously during this period.
Patients with widespread dermatitis were treated with 15-20 g of 3% clioquinol ointment to 40% of the body area twice daily. The serum concentration increased to 0.8-1.2 ug/ml within 4 hr of application. In one patient, 15-20 mg was excreted in the urine daily mainly in the form of conjugated metabolites. This skin treatment resulted in a urinary excretion somewhat less than is obtained after a daily oral dose of 25 mg (one tablet) of clioquinol. Thus, 3-4% of the applied clioquinol was absorbed. 25% was excreted in the urine.
Nonreductive Deiodination of ortho-Iodo-Hydroxylated Arenes Using Tertiary Amines
摘要:
[GRAPHIC]A convenient and nonreductive deiodination is reported for the ortho-iodo-hydroxylated arenes inch, ding derivatives of quinolinol, phenol, and naphthol. Tertiary amines pyridine, triethylamine, and N-methylmorpholine in the presence of water initiated deiodination of ortho-iodo-hydroxylated arenes without affecting para-iodine and other reduction-susceptible groups. This reported method also works efficiently for polyiodinated systems. Simplicity, short reaction times, and absence of reducing catalyst are features of this method.
[EN] NOVEL COMPOUNDS, THEIR PREPARATION AND USE<br/>[FR] NOUVEAUX COMPOSES, LEUR PREPARATION ET LEUR UTILISATION
申请人:NOVO NORDISK AS
公开号:WO2005105736A1
公开(公告)日:2005-11-10
Novel compounds of the general formula (I), the use of these compounds as phar- maceutical compositions, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of treatment employing these compounds and compositions. The present compounds may be useful in the treatment and/or prevention of conditions mediated by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPAR), in particular the PPARδ suptype.
4' SUBSTITUTED COMPOUNDS HAVING 5-HT6 RECEPTOR AFFINITY
申请人:Dunn Robert
公开号:US20080318941A1
公开(公告)日:2008-12-25
The present disclosure provides compounds having affinity for the 5-HT
6
receptor which are of the formula (I):
wherein R
1
, R
2
, R
5
, R
6
, B, D, E, G, Q, x and n are as defined herein. The disclosure also relates to methods of preparing such compounds, compositions containing such compounds, and methods of use thereof.
Heterobicyclic compounds of Formula (I):
or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof, as defined in the specification, and compositions containing them, and processes for preparing such compounds. Provided herein also are methods of treating disorders or diseases treatable by inhibition of PDE10, such as obesity, non-insulin dependent diabetes, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Huntington's Disease, and the like.
Formula (I)的杂环化合物:
或其药用可接受的盐、互变异构体或立体异构体,如规范中所定义,并含有它们的组合物,以及制备这种化合物的方法。本文还提供了通过抑制PDE10来治疗由此可治疗的疾病或疾病的方法,如肥胖症、非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、精神分裂症、躁郁症、强迫症、亨廷顿病等。
[EN] BIS-HETEROARYL DERIVATIVES AS MODULATORS OF PROTEIN AGGREGATION<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS BIS-HÉTÉROARYLIQUES EN TANT QUE MODULATEURS DE L'AGRÉGATION DES PROTÉINES
申请人:NEUROPORE THERAPIES INC
公开号:WO2017020010A1
公开(公告)日:2017-02-02
The present invention relates to certain bis-heteroaryl compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of using them, including methods for preventing, reversing, slowing, or inhibiting protein aggregation, and methods of treating diseases that are associated with protein aggregation, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, fronto- temporal dementia, Huntington's Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple system atrophy, and cancer including melanoma.
[EN] ALKOXY BIS-HETEROARYL DERIVATIVES AS MODULATORS OF PROTEIN AGGREGATION<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS BIS-HÉTÉROARYLIQUES D'ALCOXY UTILISÉS EN TANT QUE MODULATEURS DE L'AGRÉGATION DE PROTÉINES
申请人:UCB BIOPHARMA SPRL
公开号:WO2018138085A1
公开(公告)日:2018-08-02
The present invention relates to certain bis-heteroaryl compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of using them, including methods for preventing, reversing, slowing, or inhibiting protein aggregation, and methods of treating diseases that are associated with protein aggregation, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, fronto-temporal dementia, Huntington's Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple system atrophy, and cancer including melanoma.