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炔诺酮 | 68-22-4

中文名称
炔诺酮
中文别名
17-羟基-19-去甲-17α-孕甾-4-烯-20-炔基-3-酮;19-去甲-17α-乙炔基-4-雄甾烯-17β-醇-3-酮;氯塞酮;19诺塞睾甾酮;17α-乙炔基-17β-羟基-19-去甲-4-雄甾烯-3-酮;4-19-去甲基雄烯二醇;17α-乙炔基-19-去甲睾酮;去甲基脱氢羟孕酮
英文名称
norethisterone
英文别名
Norethindrone;(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-13-methyl-1,2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
炔诺酮化学式
CAS
68-22-4
化学式
C20H26O2
mdl
——
分子量
298.425
InChiKey
VIKNJXKGJWUCNN-XGXHKTLJSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    205-206 °C (lit.)
  • 比旋光度:
    D20 -31.7° (chloroform); D20 -25° (chloroform)
  • 沸点:
    379.83°C (rough estimate)
  • 密度:
    1.0766 (rough estimate)
  • 溶解度:
    在氯仿中的溶解度为≥50 mg/mL,澄清,无色
  • 物理描述:
    Solid
  • 颜色/状态:
    White crystalline powder
  • 气味:
    ODORLESS
  • 味道:
    Slightly bitter taste
  • 蒸汽压力:
    3.14X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    ... Unstable in the presence of air and light.
  • 旋光度:
    Specific optical rotation: -31.7 at 20 °C/D (chloroform); first reported as -25 at 20 °C/D (chloroform)
  • 分解:
    When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid smoke and fumes.
  • 碰撞截面:
    174.4 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    3
  • 重原子数:
    22
  • 可旋转键数:
    1
  • 环数:
    4.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.75
  • 拓扑面积:
    37.3
  • 氢给体数:
    1
  • 氢受体数:
    2

ADMET

代谢
炔诺孕酮在体内被广泛代谢,主要在肝脏通过其A环的部分和完全还原转化为多种代谢物。涉及的酶主要是3α-和3β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶(HSD)以及5α-和5β-还原酶。5α-还原的代谢物,包括5α-二氢炔诺孕酮及其衍生物,似乎具有生物活性,而5β-还原的代谢物似乎无活性。炔诺孕酮及其代谢物也会广泛结合 - 大多数血浆中的代谢物是硫酸盐结合物,而大多数尿液中的代谢物是葡萄糖醛酸结合物。血浆中的主要代谢物是3α,5α-四氢炔诺孕酮的二硫酸盐结合物和3α,5β-四氢炔诺孕酮的单硫酸盐结合物,而尿液中的主要代谢物是由3α,5β-四氢炔诺孕酮的葡萄糖醛酸和/或硫酸盐结合物组成。炔诺孕酮还被观察到通过细胞色素P450酶系统进行一定程度的代谢,主要由CYP3A4以及较少程度的CYP2C19、CYP1A2和CYP2A6介导。这些反应产生的代谢物尚未被完全表征。
Norethisterone is extensively metabolized, primarily in the liver, to a number of metabolites via partial and total reduction of its A-ring. The enzymes predominantly involved are 3α- and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) as well as 5α- and 5β-reductase. The 5α-reduced metabolites, including 5α-dihydronorethisterone and its derivatives, appear to carry biological activity while the 5β-reduced metabolites appear inactive. Norethisterone and its metabolites are also extensively conjugated - most of the plasmatic metabolites are sulfate conjugates, while most of the urinary metabolites are glucuronide conjugates. The major metabolites in plasma are a disulfate conjugate of 3α,5α-tetrahydronorethisterone and a monosulfate conjugate of 3α,5β-tetrahydronorethisterone, while the major metabolite(s) in the urine are comprised of glucuronide and/or sulfate conjugates of 3α,5β-tetrahydronorethisterone. Norethisterone has also been observed to undergo some degree of metabolism via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, predominantly by CYP3A4 and, to a much lesser extent, by CYP2C19, CYP1A2, and CYP2A6. The metabolites generated by these reactions have not been fully characterized.
来源:DrugBank
代谢
炔诺酮经历广泛的生物转化,主要通过还原,随后与硫酸和葡萄糖醛酸结合。循环中的大多数代谢物是硫酸盐,而葡萄糖醛酸苷占尿中代谢物的大部分。
Norethindrone undergoes extensive biotransformation, primarily via reduction, followed by sulfate and glucuronide conjugation. The majority of metabolites in the circulation are sulfates, with glucuronides accounting for most of the urinary metabolites.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
炔诺孕酮在体内发生广泛的环A还原,形成二氢-和四氢炔诺孕酮代谢物,这些代谢物会进行共轭反应;它也可以被芳香化。在绝经后妇女口服相对大剂量的炔诺孕酮醋酸酯或炔诺孕酮后,测量到了较低的血清炔雌醇水平。基于炔雌醇和炔诺孕酮的曲线下面积(AUC)值,研究表明炔诺孕酮转化为炔雌醇的平均转化率在5毫克剂量时为0.7%,在10毫克剂量时为1.0%。作者计算,这相当于口服剂量大约为6微克炔雌醇/毫克炔诺孕酮醋酸酯。同样,研究显示口服5毫克炔诺孕酮的剂量相当于大约4微克炔雌醇/毫克炔诺孕酮。
Norethisterone undergoes extensive ring A reduction to form dihydro- and tetrahydronorethisterone metabolites that undergo conjugation; it can also be aromatized. Low serum levels of ethinylestradiol have been measured in postmenopausal women following oral administration of relatively large doses of norethisterone acetate or norethisterone. On the basis of the area-under-the-curve (AUC) values that were determined for ethinylestradiol and norethisterone, it was shown that the mean conversion ratio of norethisterone to ethinylestradiol was 0.7 and 1.0% at doses of 5 and 10 mg, respectively. The authors calculated that this corresponds to an oral dose equivalent of about 6 ug ethinylestradiol/ mg of norethisterone acetate. Similarly, it was shown that a dose of 5 mg norethisterone administered orally was equivalent to about 4 ug ethinylestradiol/mg norethisterone.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
经过与狗肝脏微粒体的孵化,norethisterone的4beta,5beta-环氧衍生物以及一个6-氧化的norethisterone衍生物被作为次要代谢物获得...
After incubation of norethisterone with dog liver microsomes the 4beta,5beta-epoxide of norethisterone and a 6-oxygenated norethisterone derivative were obtained as minor metabolites ... .
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
兔肝匀浆……催化去乙酰基诺孕酮,生成代谢物雌-4-烯-3,17-二酮。
Rabbit liver homogenates ... catalyze the deethinylation of norethisterone, giving rise to the metabolite oestr-4-ene-3,17-dione.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
孕酮自由扩散进入靶细胞并绑定到孕酮受体上。靶细胞包括女性生殖道、乳腺、下丘脑和垂体。一旦与受体结合,孕酮就会减缓下丘脑释放促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的频率,并减弱排卵前促黄体生成素(LH)的激增。
Progestins diffuse freely into target cells and bind to the progesterone receptor. Target cells include the female reproductive tract, the mammary gland, the hypothalamus, and the pituitary. Once bound to the receptor, progestins slow the frequency of release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and blunt the pre-ovulatory LH surge.
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
炔诺酮
Compound:norethindrone
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
DILI 注解:模糊的 DILI 关注
DILI Annotation:Ambiguous DILI-concern
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
严重程度等级:3
Severity Grade:3
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
“标签部分:不良反应”
Label Section:Adverse reactions
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 吸收
单次口服给药后,炔诺酮的Cmax范围从5.39到7.36 ng/mL,Tmax为1-2小时。单次口服给药后的AUC0-24值大约在30到37 ng*hr/mL之间。炔诺酮的口服生物利用度大约为64%。当通过皮肤给药时,炔诺酮能很好地被皮肤吸收,在24小时内达到稳态浓度,稳态时的Cmax范围从617到1060 pg/mL。炔诺酮通常以醋酸炔诺酮的形式配方,醋酸炔诺酮在口服给药后被完全且迅速地脱乙酰化为炔诺酮——醋酸炔诺酮的处置与口服炔诺酮的处置无法区分。
The Cmax of norethisterone following oral administration of a single dose ranges from 5.39 to 7.36 ng/mL with a Tmax of 1-2 hours. AUC0-24 values following single oral doses range from approximately 30 to 37 ng*hr/mL. The oral bioavailability of norethisterone is approximately 64%. When applied transdermally, norethisterone is well-absorbed through the skin, reaches steady-state concentrations within 24 hours, and has a Cmax ranging from 617 to 1060 pg/mL at steady state. Norethisterone is often formulated as norethisterone acetate, which is completely and rapidly deacetylated to norethisterone following oral administration - the disposition of norethisterone acetate is indistinguishable from that of orally administered norethisterone.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 消除途径
在给予放射性标记的炔诺酮后,略多于50%的给药剂量通过尿液排出,20-40%通过粪便排出。
Following administration of radio-labeled norethisterone, slightly more than 50% of the administered dose was eliminated in the urine and 20-40% was eliminated in the feces.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 分布容积
norethisterone的分布容积大约为4L/kg。norethisterone的硫酸盐代谢物以及少量的母药已被证明会分布到母乳中。
The volume of distribution of norethisterone is approximately 4 L/kg. Sulfated metabolites of norethisterone, as well as small quantities of parent drug, have been shown to distribute into breast milk.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
  • 清除
norethisterone 的血浆清除率估计为 0.4 L/hr/kg,其内在清除率大约为 73-81 L/h。
The plasma clearance of norethisterone has been estimated as 0.4 L/hr/kg, and the intrinsic clearance is approximately 73-81 L/h.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
炔诺酮约36%与性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)结合,61%与白蛋白结合。炔诺酮的分布体积约为4 L/kg。
Norethindrone is 36% bound to sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and 61% bound to albumin. Volume of distribution of norethindrone is about 4 L/kg.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • 危险品标志:
    Xn
  • 安全说明:
    S22,S26,S36/37/39,S45
  • 危险类别码:
    R40
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    2937290090
  • RTECS号:
    RC8975000
  • 危险标志:
    GHS08
  • 危险性描述:
    H351

SDS

SDS:022bed576f4eb3b047b21d910cb88f6a
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制备方法与用途

药理作用

炔诺酮是19-去甲基睾酮的衍生物,是一种口服孕激素。其孕激素活性约为炔孕酮的4倍,虽然雌激素和雄激素活性较弱,但对下丘脑促黄体释放激素(LHRH)的分泌有抑制作用,通过刺激垂体前叶来降低机体对LHRH的敏感性,进而达到阻断促性腺激素释放的目的,从而产生抑制排卵的效果。口服后0.5~4小时内血药浓度可达峰值,半衰期为5~14小时,大部分代谢物经肾脏排出。

适应症

炔诺酮主要与雌激素类如炔雌醇合用作为短效口服避孕药。单独应用较大剂量时也能起到避孕效果,通过增加宫颈黏液稠度以防止精子穿透受精、抑制子宫内膜腺体发育生长影响孕卵着床等机制,适用于速效探亲避孕药。其口服容易被吸收。

剂量与用法
  • 短效口服避孕药:每次1.25~5mg,每日1~2次。
    • 包括复方炔诺酮片、膜或纸片及口服避孕片(膜)0号。从月经周期第5日开始服药,每日1片,晚饭后服用为宜(上夜班者早饭后服),连服22天,不能间断。服完等月经来后的第5日继续服药。
  • 探亲避孕药:于同居当晚开始服用,每晚1丸(5mg),同居10日内连服10丸;同居半个月内连服14丸;超过半个月者服完14丸后接着改服短效避孕药,直到探亲期结束。
  • 功能性子宫出血:每8小时服1片炔诺酮片、膜或纸片(2.5mg),紧急情况下每3小时服药一次,待流血明显减少后改为8小时一次,逐渐减量至维持量,每日1次1片,再连服20天;也可在流血停止后每天加服炔雌醇0.05mg或己烯雌酚1mg共20天。
  • 痛经、子宫内膜异位症:月经第5~7日开始,每次2.5mg,每日一次,连服20天。
不良反应

服用炔诺酮少数病人可能出现恶心、呕吐、头昏、乏力、嗜睡等类似早孕的反应,以及不规则出血、闭经、乳房胀痛、皮疹等,一般可自行消失。长期大量应用可能导致皮脂增多、痤疮或多毛现象。哺乳妇女可能引起乳汁减少,偶见突破性出血。有子宫肌瘤、高血压及肝、肾病史或乳房肿块者需慎用或禁用。

作用和用途

炔诺酮为19-去甲基睾酮衍生物,是一种强效口服孕激素,并具有轻度的雄激素和雌激素活性。它能阻断促性腺激素释放,抑制排卵,适用于口服避孕、功能性子宫出血、子宫内膜异位症、女性不育症、痛经及闭经等。

临床应用
  • 治疗功能性子宫出血:每8小时服5mg,连服3天后改为每12小时一次,7日后每次2.5~3.75mg维持2周。
  • 痛经、子宫内膜增生过度:月经第5~7日开始,每日1次,每次2.5mg,连续服用20天。
用途

孕激素类药物用于治疗月经不调、子宫功能性出血及子宫内膜异位症等。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    炔诺酮乙酸酐对甲苯磺酸 作用下, 以 四氢呋喃甲醇 为溶剂, 生成 炔诺酮醋酸酯
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Synthesis of 13-alkyl-gon-4-ones
    摘要:
    描述了通过新的全合成方法制备13-甲基孕-4-烯和新型13-聚碳烷基孕-4-烯。通过形成在1,3,5(10),9(11)和14-位置不饱和的四环孕烷结构,选择性地在B和C环中还原,并将所产生的芳香A环化合物转化为孕-4-烯,制备具有孕激素、合成激素和雄激素活性的13-烷基孕-4-烯。
    公开号:
    US03959322A1
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Steroids. LIV.1 Synthesis of 19-Nov-17α-ethynyltestosterone and 19-Nor-17α-methyltestosterone2
    摘要:
    DOI:
    10.1021/ja01645a010
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文献信息

  • Dibenzyl Amine Compounds and Derivatives
    申请人:Chang George
    公开号:US20070213371A1
    公开(公告)日:2007-09-13
    Dibenzyl amine compounds and derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds and the use of such compounds to elevate certain plasma lipid levels, including high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and to lower certain other plasma lipid levels, such as LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and accordingly to treat diseases which are exacerbated by low levels of HDL cholesterol and/or high levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases in some mammals, including humans.
    二苯基胺化合物及其衍生物,含有这种化合物的药物组合物以及使用这种化合物提高某些血浆脂质水平,包括高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,并降低其他一些血浆脂质水平,如低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯,并据此治疗由高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平低和/或低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯水平高加重的疾病,如动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病在某些哺乳动物,包括人类。
  • Oxidize Amines to Nitrile Oxides: One Type of Amine Oxidation and Its Application to Directly Construct Isoxazoles and Isoxazolines
    作者:Xiao-Wei Zhang、Xiao-Lin He、Nan Yan、Hong-Xing Zheng、Xiang-Guo Hu
    DOI:10.1021/acs.joc.0c02281
    日期:2020.12.4
    A facile oxidative heterocyclization of commercially available amines and tert-butyl nitrite with alkynes or alkenes leading to isoxazoles or isoxazolines is described. The unprecedented strategy of the oxidation of an amine directly to a nitrile oxide was used in this cyclization process. This reaction is highly efficient, regiospecific, operationally simple, mild, and tolerant of a variety of functional
    描述了可商购的胺和亚硝酸叔丁酯与炔或烯烃的容易的氧化性杂环化,其导致异恶唑或异恶唑啉。在这种环化过程中使用了前所未有的将胺直接氧化为一氧化氮的策略。该反应是高效的,区域特异性的,操作简单的,温和的,并且耐受多种官能团。对照实验为这种新型的氧化环化反应提供了一种一氧化氮中间体机制。此外,实现了对生物活性分子骨架的合成应用和药物的后期修饰。
  • [EN] 2-SULFANYL-BENZOIMIDAZOL-1-YL-ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES AS CRTH2 ANTAGONISTS<br/>[FR] DERIVES DE L'ACIDE 2-SULFANYL-BENZOIMIDAZOL-1-YL-ACETIQUE EN TANT QU'ANTAGONISTES DE CRTH2
    申请人:ACTELION PHARMACEUTICALS LTD
    公开号:WO2006021418A1
    公开(公告)日:2006-03-02
    The invention relates to 2-sulfanyl-benzoimidazol-1-yl-acetic acid derivatives and their use as potent 'chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells' antagonists in the treatment of prostaglandin mediated diseases, to pharmaceutical compositions containing these derivatives and to processes for their preparation.
    这项发明涉及2-硫代基苯并咪唑-1-基乙酸衍生物及其在治疗前列腺素介导的疾病中作为强效“趋化受体同源分子在Th2细胞上表达”的拮抗剂的用途,涉及含有这些衍生物的药物组合物以及其制备方法。
  • [EN] LYMPHATIC SYSTEM-DIRECTING LIPID PRODRUGS<br/>[FR] PROMÉDICAMENTS LIPIDIQUES ORIENTANT VERS LE SYSTÈME LYMPHATIQUE
    申请人:ARIYA THERAPEUTICS INC
    公开号:WO2019046491A1
    公开(公告)日:2019-03-07
    The present invention provides lymphatic system-directing lipid prodrugs, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, methods of producing such prodrugs and compositions, as well as methods of improving the bioavailability or other properties of a therapeutic agent that comprises part of the lipid prodrug. The present invention also provides methods of treating a disease, disorder, or condition such as those disclosed herein, comprising administering to a patient in need thereof a provided lipid prodrug or a pharmaceutical composition thereof.
    本发明提供了淋巴系统定向脂质前药,其制药组合物,制备这种前药和组合物的方法,以及改善作为脂质前药一部分的治疗剂的生物利用度或其他性质的方法。本发明还提供了治疗疾病、紊乱或症状的方法,包括向需要的患者施用所提供的脂质前药或其制药组合物。
  • HETEROARYL/ARYL PYRIMIDINE ANALOGS AND THEIR USE AS AGONISTS OF THE WNT-BETA-CATENIN CELLULAR MESSAGING SYSTEM
    申请人:BURSAVICH Matthew Gregory
    公开号:US20080287452A1
    公开(公告)日:2008-11-20
    The present invention relates to heteroaryl/aryl pyrimidine analogs, methods of making aryl/heteroaryl pyrimidine analogs, compositions comprising a aryl/heteroaryl pyrimidine analog, and methods for treating canonical Wnt-β-catenin cellular messaging system-related disorders comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a heteroaryl/aryl pyrimidine analog.
    本发明涉及杂环芳基/芳基嘧啶类似物,制备芳基/杂环芳基嘧啶类似物的方法,包含芳基/杂环芳基嘧啶类似物的组合物,以及治疗与经典Wnt-β-连环蛋白细胞信息传递系统相关疾病的方法,包括向需要的受试者施用有效量的杂环芳基/芳基嘧啶类似物。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
hnmr
mass
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ir
raman
  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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