2-硝基-5-氯苯胺是一种重要的医药、兽药中间体。目前它已经在兽药阿苯达唑的升级换代品——芬苯达唑中得到应用,展现出广阔的应用前景。
制备 1. 2,4-二氯硝基苯的合成首先,在250 mL 的烧瓶中加入0.714 mol 浓硫酸。随后,缓慢滴加0.701 mol 95% 硝酸,并冷却后待用。 接着,在一个装有搅拌器、温度计和回流冷凝管的250 mL 三口烧瓶中加入0.68 mol 的间二氯苯。冰浴降温至20℃以下,缓慢滴加上述混酸,注意控制反应温度在35~45℃之间,完成滴加后继续在此温度下反应1 h。 静置后分去酸层,所得产品经水洗、碱洗得2,4-二氯硝基苯粗品。将该粗品溶解于200 mL 95% 乙醇中并加热,冷却至10℃时会有大量针状结晶生成,过滤干燥得到105 g 产品;母液浓缩后继续结晶得到14 g 产品,总收率为91.1%,色谱法测得纯度为99.2%。
2. 2-硝基-5-氯苯胺的合成接着,在3 L 的高压釜中加入2.46 mol 2,4-二氯硝基苯和7.72 mol 甲苯,密封高压釜后用氮气置换空气。随后通入14.1 mol 液氨并升温至160℃,反应8 h 后降温到40℃,排掉多余的氨气并开釜。 所得固液混合物加入800 mL 水中继续冷却至10℃后过滤;滤饼再次溶于水中打浆过滤,固体用甲醇结晶后得到388 g 纯品。收率为91.2%,液相外标纯度为99.5%,熔点为126~129 ℃。
用途2-硝基-5-氯苯胺是有机合成中间体和医药中间体,可用于实验室研发过程和化工医药合成过程中。它还用于制药领域中的医药中间体。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
3,4-二硝基氯苯 | 3,4-dinitro-chlorobenzene | 610-40-2 | C6H3ClN2O4 | 202.554 |
对硝基氯苯 | 4-chlorobenzonitrile | 100-00-5 | C6H4ClNO2 | 157.556 |
5-氯-2-硝基乙酰苯胺 | N-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide | 5443-33-4 | C8H7ClN2O3 | 214.608 |
5-溴-2-硝基苯胺 | 5-bromo-2-nitroaniline | 5228-61-5 | C6H5BrN2O2 | 217.022 |
2,4-二氯硝基苯 | 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene | 611-06-3 | C6H3Cl2NO2 | 192.001 |
4-氯-1,2-苯二胺 | 4-Chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine | 95-83-0 | C6H7ClN2 | 142.588 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
2-硝基-5-氯苯基肼 | 5-chloro-2-nitrophenylhydrazine | 1966-16-1 | C6H6ClN3O2 | 187.586 |
5-氯-N-甲基-2-硝基苯胺 | 4-chloro-2-methylaminonitrobenzene | 35966-84-8 | C7H7ClN2O2 | 186.598 |
2-叠氮基-4-氯硝基苯 | 2-azido-4-chloronitrobenzene | 104503-85-7 | C6H3ClN4O2 | 198.568 |
—— | N-ethyl-6-chloro-3-nitropyridin-2-amine | 143218-46-6 | C8H9ClN2O2 | 200.625 |
—— | 5-chloro-2-nitro-N,N-dimethylaniline | 96994-74-0 | C8H9ClN2O2 | 200.625 |
5-氯-4-碘-2-硝基苯胺 | 5-chloro-4-iodo-2-nitroaniline | 335349-57-0 | C6H4ClIN2O2 | 298.467 |
4-溴-5-氯-2-硝基苯胺 | 4-bromo-5-chloro-2-nitroaniline | 827-33-8 | C6H4BrClN2O2 | 251.467 |
5-氯-2-硝基联苯胺 | 5-chloro-2-nitro-N-phenylaniline | 25781-92-4 | C12H9ClN2O2 | 248.669 |
—— | N,N'-bis-(5-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-methylenediamine | 6373-65-5 | C13H10Cl2N4O4 | 357.153 |
—— | 5-chloro-N-isopropyl-2-nitro-aniline | 101167-01-5 | C9H11ClN2O2 | 214.652 |
对硝基氯苯 | 4-chlorobenzonitrile | 100-00-5 | C6H4ClNO2 | 157.556 |
—— | 5-chloro-2-nitro-N-(2-methyl-1-propen-1-yl)benzenamine | 424799-68-8 | C10H11ClN2O2 | 226.663 |
—— | 4-chloro-3-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine | 144729-44-2 | C6H6ClN3O2 | 187.586 |
—— | acetic acid-[N'-(5-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-hydrazide] | 75132-65-9 | C8H8ClN3O3 | 229.623 |
—— | ((1Z)-2-amino-1-azaprop-1-enyl)(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)amine | 1217365-68-8 | C8H9ClN4O2 | 228.638 |
5-氯-2-硝基乙酰苯胺 | N-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide | 5443-33-4 | C8H7ClN2O3 | 214.608 |
N-苄基-5-氯-2-硝基苯胺 | N-benzyl-5-chloro-2-nitroaniline | 10066-19-0 | C13H11ClN2O2 | 262.696 |
苯胺,5-氯-N-(环己基甲基)-2-硝基- | 5-chloro-1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-nitroaniline | 162140-06-9 | C13H17ClN2O2 | 268.743 |
—— | methyl 5-chloro-2-nitrophenylcarbamate | 29111-78-2 | C8H7ClN2O4 | 230.608 |
—— | 2-chloro-N-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)acetamide | —— | C8H6Cl2N2O3 | 249.053 |
3-氨基-4-硝基苯酚 | 3-amino-4-nitrophenol | 16292-90-3 | C6H6N2O3 | 154.125 |
—— | 5-chloro-N-(3,5-dimethylbenzyl)-2-nitroaniline | 934417-60-4 | C15H15ClN2O2 | 290.749 |
2,4-二氯硝基苯 | 2,4-dichloronitrobenzene | 611-06-3 | C6H3Cl2NO2 | 192.001 |
—— | 5-chloro-1-(4-isopropylbenzyl)-2-nitroaniline | 852690-16-5 | C16H17ClN2O2 | 304.776 |
—— | N-(5-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)pivalamide | 886050-34-6 | C11H13ClN2O3 | 256.689 |
4-氯-1,2-苯二胺 | 4-Chloro-1,2-phenylenediamine | 95-83-0 | C6H7ClN2 | 142.588 |
—— | 5-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-nitroaniline | 1473416-57-7 | C12H8Cl2N2O2 | 283.114 |
—— | 5-chloro-1-(2-naphthyl)methyl-2-nitroaniline | 852690-18-7 | C17H13ClN2O2 | 312.755 |
G-quadruplex DNA binding dimeric ligands and their telomerase inhibition activity are reported.
Halodimethylsulfonium halide 1, which is readily formed in situ from hydrohaloic acid and DMSO, is a good nucleophilic halide. This activated nucleophilic halide rapidly converts aryldiazonium salt prepared in situ by the same hydrohaloic acid and nitrite ion to aryl chlorides, bromides, or iodides in good yield. The combined action of nitrite ion and hydrohaloic acid in DMSO is required for the direct transformation of aromatic amines, which results in the production of aryl halides within 1 h. Substituted compounds with electron-donating or -withdrawing groups or sterically hindered aromatic amines are also smoothly transformed to the corresponding aromatic halides. The only observed by-product is the deaminated arene (usually <7%). The isolated aryldiazonium salts can also be converted to the corresponding aryl halides using 1. The present method offers a facile, one-step procedure for transforming aminoarenes to haloarenes and lacks the environmental pollutants that usually accompany the Sandmeyer reaction using copper halides. Key words: aminoarenes, haloarenes, halodimethylsulfonium halide, halogenation, amination.