Nitrogen appears as a colorless odorless gas. Noncombustible and nontoxic. Makes up the major portion of the atmosphere, but will not support life by itself. Used in food processing, in purging air conditioning and refrigeration systems, and in pressurizing aircraft tires. May cause asphyxiation by displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat containers may rupture violently and rocket.
颜色/状态:
Colorless liquid at -196 °C
气味:
Odorless gas
味道:
Tasteless
蒸汽密度:
0.96737 (Air = 1.00)
蒸汽压力:
-236 °C at 1Pa (solid); -232 °C at 10Pa (solid); -226.8 °C at 100Pa (solid); -220.2 °C at 1kPa (solid); -211.1 °C at 10kPa (solid); -195.9 °C at 100kPa (N2)
稳定性/保质期:
Incombustible and unreactive.
粘度:
7.0 at 100 K; 12.0 at 200 K; 17.9 at 300 K; 22.2 at 400 K; 26.1 at 500 K; 29.6 at 600 K (all in uPa.s; N2)
汽化热:
Enthalpy of vaporization: 5.57 kJ/mol at -195.79 °C
表面张力:
6.6 dynes/cm at -183 °C; 8.27 dynes/cm at -193 °C; 10.53 dynes/cm at -203 °C
折光率:
Refractive index, gas 101.325 kPa n(d) at 25 °C 1.0002732
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Nitrogen is an odorless, colorless, and tasteless gas that can be condensed into a white liquid. Nitrogen is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. It is used in manufacturing of ammonia, nitric acid, nitrates, cyanides, etc; in manufacturing explosives; in filling high-temperature thermometers, incandescent bulbs; to form an inert atmosphere for preservation of materials; as a pharmaceutic aid (air displacement); and for use in dry boxes or glove bags. Liquid nitrogen is used in food-freezing processes; and in the laboratory as a coolant. Nitrogen is used by oil industry to build up great pressures in wells to force crube oil upward, and in hydraulic fracturing. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Nitrogen gas is an inert substance and is present in the atmosphere at a level of 78.1%. It does not exhibit a direct toxicological effect and has no toxicological profile. It acts by simple asphyxia. If the level of nitrogen increases, this will lead to a reduction in the level of oxygen to below normal atmospheric levels of 20.8%. Nitrogen has a direct toxic action of its own, affecting brain functions and inducing a stupor or euphoria. Nitrogen induced CNS depression ("rapture of the deep" or "the martini effect") results from a direct toxic effect of high nitrogen pressure on nerve conduction and produces effects similar to alcohol intoxication. Complex reasoning, decision-making ability, motor function, and manual dexterity decrease. Individuals vary in this response widely, but it typically can be noticed among divers at depths exceeding 100 ft (30 m). For example, certain individuals experience no effect at depths of < or = 130 ft, whereas others feel some effect at around 80 ft. Nonetheless, the CNS depressant effect increases with increasing depth so that each additional 50 ft incrementally produces the effect of "another martini". Contact with liquid nitrogen may cause frostbite and severe skin burns. On resurfacing from deep sea diving, decompression sickness can arise from the subsequent release of nitrogen from body tissues. Decompression sickness is attributed to the formation of gas bubbles, mainly nitrogen, in tissues with the rapid release of pressure. ANIMAL STUDIES: Acute nitrogen normobaric hypoxic challenges resulting in an approximate 50% survival, was performed in young adult male and female heterozygous OF1 mice under various environmental conditions. The time required for 50% survival was 20 minutes for a constant pO2 of 42 torr, and 151 minutes when pO2 was progressively lowered by nitrogen flushing from 159 to 16.5 torr. In synchronized animals, survival was significantly (p > 0.001) less when hypoxia was performed during the light phase than during the dark phase. Lowering the ambient temperature from 33.8 to 13.2 °C increased the length of the progressive hypoxia necessary to obtain a 50% survival of the mice and diminished the final pO2 from 35 to 12 torr. Grouping and crowding both decreased the hypoxic survival. Starvation diminished hypoxic resistance of mice, while carbon monoxide inhalation, or sodium cyanide injection had the opposite effect. In all these variations, OF1 females were more resistant than males. Most of these variations can be related to differences in respiratory exchanges, locomotor activity, and aggressiveness, which are dependent upon the various experimental environmental parameters. Another study in mice, found that excitement threshold pressures decrease with increased concentration of nitrogen; coarse tremor onset is delayed in direct proportion to the amount of nitrogen present with the same relative potency in compression at 60 atm/hr as at 1000 atm/hr; and threshold pressure of convulsion from high pressure neurological syndrome increases with increased amount of nitrogen. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development but is unavailable in its most prevalent form as atmospheric nitrogen. Plants instead depend upon combined, or fixed, forms of nitrogen, such as ammonia and nitrate. Much of this nitrogen is provided to cropping systems in the form of industrially produced nitrogen fertilizers. Use of these fertilizers has led to worldwide, ecological problems, such as the formation of coastal dead zones. Biological nitrogen fixation, on the other hand, offers a natural means of providing nitrogen for plants. It is a critical component of many aquatic, as well as terrestrial ecosystems across our biosphere.
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:No information is available on the clinical use of liquid nitrogen on the skin during breastfeeding. Because it is a nontoxic gas that is unlikely to appear in breastmilk or be absorbed by the infant, it is considered safe to use during breastfeeding. No special precautions are required.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
毒理性
暴露途径
这种物质可以通过吸入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
暴露途径
这种物质可以通过吸入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
吸入症状
失去意识。虚弱。窒息。
Unconsciousness. Weakness. Suffocation.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
The principal route of exposure to nitrogen is via the inhalation route. The concentration of nitrogen between inhaled and exhaled human breath is not significantly different. Also, nitrogen is only sparingly soluble in water. Therefore an insignificant amount of nitrogen is absorbed into the human body.
CYCLOHEXYLGYCINE DERIVATIVES AS SELECTIVE CYTOTOXIC AGENTS
摘要:
The present disclosure is directed to cyclohexylglycine derivatives of Formula I
and their use as HIV-infected cell kill agents which accelerate the death of HIV GAG-POL expressing cells without concomitant cytotoxicity to HIV naïve cells.
Preparation, Characterization, and Reactivity of Dinitrogen Molybdenum Complexes with Bis(diphenylphosphino)amine Derivative Ligands that Form a Unique 4-Membered P–N–P Chelate Ring
revealed that the competition between the back-donation from metal to dinitrogen and that from metal to ligand was affected by P–N–P bite angle and the dihedral angle of N-substituent of ligand. In order to examine the reactivity with respect to conversion of dinitrogen to ammonia, protonation and trimethylsilylation reactions of the coordinateddinitrogens were carried out for 2R.
[EN] IRON AND COBALT CATALYZED HYDROGEN ISOTOPE LABELING OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS<br/>[FR] MARQUAGE ISOTOPIQUE D'HYDROGÈNE, CATALYSÉ PAR LE FER ET LE COBALT, DE COMPOSÉS ORGANIQUES
申请人:UNIV PRINCETON
公开号:WO2016019038A1
公开(公告)日:2016-02-04
Methods of isotopic labeling are described herein. For example, a method of isotopically labeling an organic compound, in some embodiments, comprises providing a reaction mixture including the organic compound, an iron complex or a cobalt complex and a source of deuterium or tritium. The organic compound is labeled with deuterium or tritium in the presence of the iron complex or cobalt complex or derivative of the iron complex or cobalt complex.
Mechanistic Interrogation of Alkyne Hydroarylations Catalyzed by Highly Reduced, Single-Component Cobalt Complexes
作者:Benjamin A. Suslick、T. Don Tilley
DOI:10.1021/jacs.0c04072
日期:2020.6.24
complexes. Studies of the stoichiometric reaction of Co(I) or Co(II) precursors with CyMgCl implicated catalyst initiation via a β-H elimination/deprotonation pathway. The resulting single-component Co(-I) complex is proposed as the direct precatalyst. Michaelis-Menten enzyme kineticstudies provide mechanistic details regarding the catalytic dependence on substrate. The (N-aryl)aryl ethanimine substrate
The Reactions of NH Radicals with Ethylene and Propene in the Liquid Phase
作者:Takashi Kitamura、Shigeru Tsunashima、Shin Sato
DOI:10.1246/bcsj.54.55
日期:1981.1
concentration of hydrogen azide in the range of 0.8–8×10−2 mol dm−3. The reaction of NH(a1Δ) radicals with olefin consists of three processes: the addition to double bond, the insertion into the C–H bond, and the deactivation to the 3Σ− state. The branching ratios and the relative rate constants of the reactions of NH(a1Δ) radicals with ethylene, propene, and ethane were estimated.
Reactivity of a Titanium Dinitrogen Complex Supported by Guanidinate Ligands: Investigation of Solution Behavior and a Novel Rearrangement of Guanidinate Ligands
作者:Sarah M. Mullins、Andrew P. Duncan、Robert G. Bergman、John Arnold
DOI:10.1021/ic010631+
日期:2001.12.1
rotation and racemization reactions were observed. Rearrangement of the guanidinate ligand to an asymmetrical bonding mode utilizing the dimethylamino and amide-nitrogen atoms is observed in the bridging oxo and sulfido derivatives (4 and 5). These compounds are formed by the reactions of 2 with pyridine N-oxide and propylene sulfide, respectively. The ligand rearrangement was observed to be reversible