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亚硝酸 | 7782-77-6

中文名称
亚硝酸
中文别名
2-氨基苯甲醛苯腙;邻氨基亚苄基苯腙
英文名称
cis-nitrous acid
英文别名
NITROUS ACID
亚硝酸化学式
CAS
7782-77-6
化学式
HNO2
mdl
——
分子量
47.0134
InChiKey
IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 密度:
    1.54±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
  • 物理描述:
    Solid
  • 沸点:
    320
  • 熔点:
    271
  • 溶解度:
    820g/L
  • 分解:
    When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of /nitroxides/.
  • 解离常数:
    Weak acid. pK (25 °C): 3.35
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    亚硝酸有顺式和反式两种几何异构体,其中反式较稳定。目前尚未制得纯净的HNO₂。其水溶液在室温下放置时也会逐渐分解为HNO₃和NO。

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -0.3
  • 重原子数:
    3
  • 可旋转键数:
    0
  • 环数:
    0.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.0
  • 拓扑面积:
    49.7
  • 氢给体数:
    1
  • 氢受体数:
    3

ADMET

代谢
去氧血红蛋白将其还原成一氧化氮。亚硝酸盐也被还原成一氧化氮,然后通过肠道细菌进一步还原成氨。亚硝酸盐可以被氧合血红蛋白氧化成硝酸盐。
Reduced by deoxyhemoglobin to form nitric oxide. Nitrite is also reduced to nitric oxide and further reduced to ammonia by gut bacteria. Nitrite can be oxidized to nitrate by oxyhemoglobin.
来源:DrugBank
代谢
二氧化氮与环己烯的反应已经被研究作为模拟烟雾空气中的二氧化氮与肺脂中的不饱和脂肪酸之间发生的反应的模型。正如早期在高二氧化氮浓度下的研究所预测,这种气体在氮气中二氧化氮浓度为1%(10,000 ppm)到40%时,主要通过加成到环己烯的双键上反应;在空气或氧气存在的情况下,这个反应会引发烯烃的自动氧化。然而,在氮气中二氧化氮浓度低于100 ppm时,二氧化氮几乎专门通过抽取烯丙基氢与环己烯反应;这种意外的反应也会在氧气或空气存在的情况下引发烯烃的自动氧化,但它导致产生亚硝酸而不是含有一个硝基团连接到碳原子上的产物。亚硝酸可以与胺反应产生亚硝胺。此外,通过氢抽提机制产生的亚硝酸盐离子预计会扩散到整个身体,而不像硝化脂质那样局限于肺腔。这些发现已经在甲基油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸中得到证实;这些不饱和脂肪酸的二氧化氮引发的自动氧化的某些动力学特征已经被研究。
The reactions of nitrogen dioxide with cyclohexene have been studied as a model for the reactions that occur between nitrogen dioxide in smoggy air and unsaturated fatty acids in pulmonary lipids. As predicted from earlier studies at high nitrogen dioxide concentrations, this gas reacts with cyclohexene predominantly by addition to the double bond at nitrogen dioxide concentrations of 1 percent (10,000 parts per million) to 40 percent in nitrogen; in the presence of air or oxygen, this reaction initiates the autoxidation of the alkene. However, at concentrations below 100 parts per million in nitrogen, nitrogen dioxide reacts with cyclohexene almost exclusively by abstraction of allylic hydrogen; this unexpected reaction also initiates the autoxidation of the alkene in the presence of oxygen or air, but it leads to the production of nitrous acid rather than of a product containing a nitro group attached to a carbon atom. The nitrous acid can react with amines to produce nitrosamines. Moreover, the nitrite ion produced by the hydrogen abstraction mechanism would be expected to diffuse throughout the body, unlike nitrated lipids that would be confined to the pulmonary cavity. These findings have been confirmed with methyl oleate, linoleate, and linolenate; some of the kinetic features of the nitrogen dioxide-initiated autoxidation of these unsaturated fatty acids have been studied. .
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
亚硝酸盐及其代谢物通过尿液排出体外。
Nitrites and their metabolites are excreted in the urine. (L1137)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 毒性总结
亚硝酸盐导致氧合血红蛋白自动催化氧化成过氧化氢和高铁血红蛋白。这种高铁血红蛋白水平的升高是一种称为高铁血红蛋白血症的状况,其特征是组织缺氧,因为高铁血红蛋白无法结合氧气。
Nitrite causes the autocatalytic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin to hydrogen peroxide and methemoglobin. This elevation of methemoglobin levels is a condition known as methemoglobinemia, and is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen. (A2450, L1613)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 致癌物分类
摄入硝酸盐或亚硝酸盐,在导致内源性亚硝化的条件下,可能对人类具有致癌性(2A组)。
Ingested nitrate or nitrite under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). (L135)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 健康影响
亚硝酸盐中毒导致高铁血红蛋白血症。亚硝酸盐可能导致怀孕并发症和发育影响。它们也可能具有致癌性。
Nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Nitrites may cause pregnancy complications and developmental effects. They may also be carcinogenic. (L1137)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 暴露途径
口服 (L1137) ;吸入 (L1137)
Oral (L1137) ; inhalation (L1137)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
毒理性
  • 症状
亚硝酸盐中毒导致高铁血红蛋白血症。症状包括发绀、心脏心律不齐和循环衰竭,以及逐渐加重的中枢神经系统(CNS)影响。中枢神经系统的影响可能从轻微的头晕和乏力到昏迷和抽搐不等。
Nitrite poisoning causes methemoglobinemia. Symptoms include cyanosis, cardiac dysrhythmias and circulatory failure, and progressive central nervous system (CNS) effects. CNS effects can range from mild dizziness and lethargy to coma and convulsions. (L1137)
来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
吸收、分配和排泄
一氧化氮衍生的活性氮种类是在炎症过程中形成的强氧化剂,能够氧化体内膜和脂蛋白脂质。... 其中几种物种与不饱和脂肪酸反应,产生硝化氧化产物。... 磷脂酸(HPODE),而不是亚油酸,与亚硝酸(HONO)或异丁基亚硝酸盐(BuiONO)反应,得到一个 m/z 为 340 或 341 的产物,与 [15N]HONO 反应。MS/MS 分析给出了一个 NO2- 片段,15N NMR 表明产物含有一个硝基(RNO2)功能团,提示该产物是硝基环氧亚油酸 [L(O)NO2]。这种物种可能通过 LOONO 的均裂解离形成 LO* 和 *NO2,LO* 重排到环氧烯丙基自由基 L(O)*,然后 L(O)* 与 *NO2 重组。由于膜和脂蛋白的不饱和脂质是活性氧和氮物种的关键靶标,这些途径为体内新型含氮脂质产物的形成机制提供了洞见,并为进一步的 结构和功能研究提供了合成策略。
Reactive nitrogen species derived from nitric oxide are potent oxidants formed during inflammation that can oxidize membrane and lipoprotein lipids in vivo. ... Several of these species react with unsaturated fatty acid to yield nitrated oxidation products. ... Reaction of HPODE, but not linoleate, with nitrous acid (HONO) or isobutyl nitrite (BuiONO) yielded a product at m/z 340, or 341 upon reacting with [15N]HONO. MS/MS analysis gave an NO2- fragment, and 15N NMR indicated that the product contained a nitro (RNO2) functional group, suggesting that the product was nitroepoxylinoleic acid [L(O)NO2]. This species could form via homolytic dissociation of LOONO to LO* and *NO2 and rearrangement of LO* to an epoxyallylic radical L(O)* followed by recombination of L(O)* with *NO2. Since unsaturated lipids of membranes and lipoproteins are critical targets of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, these pathways lend insight into mechanisms for the formation of novel nitrogen-containing lipid products in vivo and provide synthetic strategies for further structural and functional studies.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

SDS

SDS:ec125599831c5bdbff6c2dc8a1ce70e8
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制备方法与用途

生产方法

制法: [ \text{Ba(NO}_2\text{)}_2 + H_2SO_4 \rightarrow 2HNO_2 + BaSO_4 ] [ AgNO_2 + HCl \rightarrow HNO_2 + AgCl \downarrow ]

在冰水充分冷却下,将 (\text{Ba(NO}_2\text{)}_2) (或 (AgNO_2)) 溶于水中,加入稀硫酸(或稀盐酸)。过滤除去析出的 (BaSO_4) (或 (AgCl) )沉淀,亚硝酸留在溶液中。若溶液中有盐存在也无关系时,在低于0℃下,用盐酸酸化亚硝酸钠即可。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    亚硝酸 在 (NC7H3NS(C2H5)SO3)2(2-) 作用下, 以 高氯酸 为溶剂, 生成 氧化亚氮
    参考文献:
    名称:
    水溶液中一氧化氮和亚硝酸对水溶性磷化氢和某些光谱探针的氧化作用†
    摘要:
    在酸性水溶液中,一氧化氮直接氧化单磺化三苯基膦,TPPMS - ,为相应的氧化膦。的NO衍生产物是N 2 O.所报道的NO与在非极性有机溶剂的或未取代的三苯基膦反应该化学相似之处,但在此工作测得的速率常数,5.14×10 6中号-2小号-1,是增大了几个数量级。这使得TPPMS –成为水溶液中NO的有用分析试剂。在目前的工作中,增加的速率常数似乎是中等效果,与在膦中引入单个磺酸盐基团无关。亚硝酸与TPPMS的反应-具有2:1 [TPPMS - ] / [HNO 2 ]的化学计量,并且产生NH 2定量OH。率法,速率= 4 ķ d [HNO 2 ] 2 [TPPMS - ],识别HNO的二阶自反应2作为限速步骤,其产生活性氧化剂(一个或多个),用于与快速后续反应TPPMS - 。活性氧化剂似乎是N 2 O 3,尽管也可能涉及其衍生的氧化物NO和NO 2。HNO 2的双分子自反应也先于ABTS
    DOI:
    10.1021/ic900688g
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    氧化亚氮 在 H2O 、 NO2 作用下, 生成 亚硝酸
    参考文献:
    名称:
    HONO的状态状态寿命的振动状态依赖性
    摘要:
    通过超声速射流中的光解离实验,获得准稳态Ã态特定振动水平的亚皮秒寿命的下限。由HONO的γ状态发射的OH片段的激光诱导荧光被用作亲本的γ-X̃吸收的探针。激发态寿命通过通过扫描光解离波长测量的̃-X̃吸收宽度来估算,显示出对光学可及的-NO拉伸(v 2)振动的量子数量的依赖性,并根据拓扑进行解释Ã状态的曲面。
    DOI:
    10.1016/0009-2614(89)87343-9
  • 作为试剂:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    美拉德反应条件下L-苏糖的降解
    摘要:
    L-苏糖,一种相对不稳定的醛糖,是在氧气存在下由L-抗坏血酸产生的,即使在相对温和的条件下,也能强烈参与美拉德反应。在本研究中,通过鉴定一些在乙醇中产生的产物,研究了仅在pH 7.0时,在N-α-乙酰基-L-赖氨酸存在下,以及仅pH 2.0时在37℃下L-苏糖的降解情况。通过GLC和GLC-MS进行反应。在鉴定出的化合物中,有3-脱氧-四-2-戊糖(1),预测的碱重排产物,其衍生自1(2,4-二羟基丁酸酯,4-碳间糖酸)以及甘油醛。同位素示踪剂研究清楚地表明,甘油醛是由起始L-苏糖分子中C-1的丢失而产生的。
    DOI:
    10.1016/0008-6215(94)84225-6
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文献信息

  • THE REACTION OF NITROUS ACID WITH 4-SUBSTITUTED-THIOSEMICARBAZIDES
    作者:Eugene Lieber、C. N. Pillai、Ralph D. Hites
    DOI:10.1139/v57-116
    日期:1957.8.1
    degradation to an isothiocyanate and azide ion, and (2) isomerization to a 1-substituted-tetrazole-5-thiol, the extent of path (1) or (2) depending on the nature of the substituent. Path (1) predominates when the substituent is alkyl, whereas when the substituent is aryl both paths (1) and (2) occur, the relative proportion depending on the electrical nature of the aromatic group, path (2) increasing as the
    亚硝酸与 4-烷基-或 4-芳基-氨基硫脲的反应,以及烷基-或芳基-异硫氰酸酯与肼酸的反应,产生相同的 5-(取代)氨基-1,2,3, 4-噻三唑。这是通过红外吸收和化学降解研究确定的。5-(取代)氨基-1,2,3,4-噻三唑与碱水溶液的反应导致两个竞争性反应:(1)降解为异硫氰酸盐和叠氮离子,以及(2)异构化为 1-取代-tetrazole-5-thiol,路径 (1) 或 (2) 的程度取决于取代基的性质。当取代基是烷基时,路径 (1) 占主导地位,而当取代基是芳基时,路径 (1) 和 (2) 都发生,相对比例取决于芳基的电学性质,路径(2)随着电负性的增加而增加。发现 1-芳基-四唑-5-硫醇在其熔点下是热不稳定的,或多或少地剧烈降解为 1 摩尔比例的纯镍。
  • Kinetic study of an autocatalytic reaction: nitrosation of formamidine disulfide
    作者:Vitor Francisco、Luis Garcia-Rio、José António Moreira、Geoffrey Stedman
    DOI:10.1039/b810761k
    日期:——
    the kinetic data enabled extraction of the bimolecular rate constants, kNO+ = (3.2 ± 1.8) × 1010 M−1 s−1; kNOSCN = (2.1 ± 0.2) × 105 M−1 s−1; kNOBr = (9.4 ± 0.2) × 106 M−1 s1 and kNOCl = (4.0 ± 0.2) × 107 M−1 s−1, for the pathways catalyzed by SCN−, Br− and Cl−, respectively. Kinetic results are consistent with the attack on the nitrosating agent as the rate limiting step, i.e., the nitrosation of FDS
    酸亚硝化的反应动力学。 二am甲am (FDS)显示出自催化行为,这是由于以下事实引起的: 硫氰酸盐 作为产品形成的离子起着强大的作用 催化剂用于亚硝化反应。在存在添加的亲核试剂的情况下,自催化途径的抑制是由于添加的亲核试剂之间的亚硝酸竞争而产生的。卤化物 和 硫氰酸盐阴离子,作为反应产物形成。分析动力学数据萃取双分子速率常数k NO +=(3.2±1.8)×10 10 M -1 s -1;k NOSCN =(2.1±0.2)×10 5 M -1 s -1 ; ķ NOBR =(9.4±0.2)×10 6中号-1小号1和ķ NOCl =(4.0±0.2)×10 7中号-1小号-1,对于由SCN催化的途径-,溴-和Cl -, 分别。动力学结果与速率限制步骤对亚硝化剂的攻击是一致的,即FDS的亚硝化行为与亚硝基化剂的亚硝化行为相似。胺。对于其他具有以下特性的基材,发现的行为却有所不同。亚米诺 与
  • Synthesis of Copper and Lithium Copper Ferrites as High Magnetization Materials
    作者:K. E. Kuehn、D. Sriram、S. S. Bayya、J. J. Simmins、R. L. Snyder
    DOI:10.1557/jmr.2000.0235
    日期:2000.7

    The ferrite with composition Cu0.5Fe2.5O4 was heat treated in air and in reducing atmospheres to different temperatures within the solid solution region confirmed by dynamic high-temperautre x-ray characterization. The samples were quenched in oil and air, and lattice parameter, Curie temperature, and saturation magnetization measurements were completed. The magnetization measurements for these samples showed a maximum 4πMs of 0.7729 and 0.5426 T at 10 and 300 K, respectively. The cationic distribution based on the low-temperature 4πMs measurements is (Cu+0.24Fe3+0.76)A[Cu+0.26Fe3+1.74]BO4 → 4.9 µ B. X-ray-pure Cu0.5Fe2.5O4 samples were also synthesized by slow cooling from the formation temperature to 900 °C in a reducing atmosphere. A temperature–PO2 diagram for the stability of Cu0.5Fe2.5O4 under the conditions of the experiment was determined. Low-temperature 4πMs measurements did not indicate an increase in the Cu+ A site occupancy for the samples cooled to 900 °C in a reducing environment above those samples that were quenched from high temperature. Curie temperatures for all Cu0.5Fe2.5O4 samples ranged from 348 to 369 °C. Lithium additions (0.1 mol/unit formula) to copper ferrite Li0.1Cu0.4Fe2.5O4 decreased the room-temperature 4πMs values to 0.5234 T with a corresponding decrease in the 10 K measurements to 0.7047 T. From the low-temperature magnetization measurements, the distribution was (Cu+0.15Fe3+0.85)A[Cu+0.25Li+0.1Fe3+1.65]BO4 → 4.48 µ B.

    在空气和还原气氛中将成分为 Cu0.5Fe2.5O4 的铁氧体热处理到固溶体区域内的不同温度,并通过动态高温 X 射线表征加以确认。样品在油和空气中淬火后,完成了晶格参数、居里温度和饱和磁化测量。这些样品的磁化测量结果显示,在 10 K 和 300 K 时,最大 4πMs 分别为 0.7729 和 0.5426 T。根据低温 4πMs 测量结果,阳离子分布为 (Cu+0.24Fe3+0.76)A[Cu+0.26Fe3+1.74]BO4 → 4.9 µ B。X-射线纯 Cu0.5Fe2.5O4 样品也是在还原气氛中从形成温度缓慢冷却至 900 ℃ 合成的。确定了 Cu0.5Fe2.5O4 在实验条件下的稳定性温度-PO2 图。低温 4πMs 测量结果表明,在还原环境中冷却到 900 ℃ 的样品的 Cu+ A 位点占有率并没有比高温淬火的样品增加。所有 Cu0.5Fe2.5O4 样品的居里温度都在 348 ℃ 至 369 ℃ 之间。在铜铁氧体 Li0.1Cu0.4Fe2.5O4 中添加锂(0.1 摩尔/单位配方)后,室温 4πMs 值降至 0.5234 T,10 K 测量值相应降至 0.7047 T。
  • Accurate Rate Constants for Decomposition of Aqueous Nitrous Acid
    作者:Mark S. Rayson、John C. Mackie、Eric M. Kennedy、Bogdan Z. Dlugogorski
    DOI:10.1021/ic202081z
    日期:2012.2.20
    Decomposition of nitrous acid in aqueous solution has been studied by stopped flow spectrophotometry to resolve discrepancies in literature values for the rate constants of the decomposition reactions. Under the conditions employed, the rate-limiting reaction step comprises the hydrolysis of NO2. A simplified rate law based on the known elementary reaction mechanism provides an excellent fit to the
    已经通过停止流动分光光度法研究了亚硝酸在水溶液中的分解,以解决分解反应速率常数的文献值差异。在所采用的条件下,限速反应步骤包括NO 2的水解。基于已知基本反应机理的简化速率定律非常适合实验数据。速率常数1.34×10 –6 M –1 s –1由于不依赖于平行反应路径的速率或气态反应产物的相间传质的速率,因此,据认为该方法比文献中的具有更高的准确度。简化速率定律的活化能被确定为107 kJ mol –1。量子化学计算表明,大多数从平衡2HNO的吸热性质的大的活化能结果的2 ⇆NO + NO 2 + H 2 O.速率常数为硝酸根离子和亚硝酸的反应,从而抑制HNO 2分解,也被确定。
  • The electrochemical studies of cytochrome c incorporated in 3D porous calcium alginate films on glassy carbon electrodes
    作者:Shan Jian、Xingchao Liu、Hong Sun、Shifeng Hou
    DOI:10.1039/c3ra45801f
    日期:——
    In this work, the cytochrome c (Cyt c) was incorporated in three-dimension (3D) porous calcium alginate (CA) films prepared by using sodium alginate, calcium chloride and polyethylene glycol, and formed the electroactive porous Cyt c–CA composite films. The stable composite films were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis absorption, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. UV-vis experiments demonstrated that Cyt c assembled in the 3D porous CA films retains its near native conformation at medium pH. The Cyt c–CA films modified on glassy carbon electrodes showed a pair of well-defined and nearly reversible cyclic voltammetry peaks at about −0.352 V vs. SCE in protein-free buffer, which originated from heme FeIII/II redox couples within Cyt c. The electrochemical parameters such as apparent heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (ks) and formal potential (Eo’) were estimated by fitting the data of SWV with nonlinear regression analysis. The Cyt c–CA films showed the electrocatalytic activity toward dioxygen, hydrogen peroxide, nitrite and trichloroacetic acid with significant decreases in the electrode potential required. Experimental data demonstrated that the porous film can provide a favorable microenvironment for the protein to directly transfer electrons with the underlying electrode and possess good stability and reproducibility, showing the possible future application of the films for biosensors and biocatalysis.
    在这项工作中,通过使用海藻酸钠、氯化钙和聚乙二醇制备的三维多孔海藻酸钙(CA)膜中嵌入了细胞色素c(Cyt c),形成了电活性多孔Cyt c-CA复合膜。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见吸收光谱、循环伏安法(CV)和方波伏安法(SWV)技术对稳定的复合膜进行了表征。紫外-可见实验表明,在中等pH下,Cyt c在三维多孔CA膜中保持了接近天然构象。在无蛋白质缓冲液中,玻璃碳电极上修饰的Cyt c-CA膜显示出位于约−0.352 V(相对于SCE)的一对清晰且几乎可逆的循环伏安峰,这些峰源于Cyt c中血红素FeIII/II氧化还原对。通过非线性回归分析拟合SWV数据,估算出表观的异相电子转移速率常数(ks)和形式电位(Eo’)等电化学参数。Cyt c-CA膜对氧气、过氧化氢、亚硝酸盐和三氯乙酸表现出电催化活性,所需的电极电位显著降低。实验数据表明,多孔膜能为蛋白质提供有利的微环境,使其能直接与底层电极进行电子转移,并具有良好的稳定性和可重复性,显示出这些膜在未来生物传感器和生物催化中的潜在应用。
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