Frog liver microsomes catalyzed the hydroxylation of 1-dodecanol into the corresponding omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxy derivatives. The hydroxylation rate for 1-dodecanol was much lower than that for lauric acid. Both NADPH and O2 were required for hydroxylation activity. NADH had no effect on the hydroxylation. The hydroxylating system was inhibited 49% by CO at a CO:O2 ratio of 4.0. The formation of omega-hydroxydodecanol was more sharply inhibited by CO than was the formation of (omega-1)-hydroxydodecanol, implying that more than one cytochrome P-450 was involved in the hydroxylation of 1-dodecanol and that CO has a higher affinity for the P-450 catalyzing the omega-hydroxylation. The formation of laurate during the incubation of 1-dodecanol with frog liver microsomes suggests that a fatty alcohol oxidation system is also present in the microsomes. NAD+ was the most effective cofactor for the oxidation of 1-dodecanol and NADP+ had a little effect. Pyrazole (an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase) had a slight inhibitory effect on the oxidation and sodium azide (an inhibitor of catalase) had no effect.
The liver microsomes of the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus catalyzed the hydroxylation of various saturated fatty acids (C8-C18), alcohols (C12 and C16) and hydrocarbon (C12) to the corresponding omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxy derivatives. Lauric acid was hydroxylated most effectively among saturated fatty acids and the order of activity as hydroxylation substrates was C12 greater than C14 greater than C13 greater than C16 greater than C10 greater than C18 greater than C8. The specific activity of laurate hydroxylation (5.99 nmol/mg microsomal protein/min) in gerbil liver microsomes was higher than that observed in other species. 1-Dodecanol was also hydroxylated very effectively (4.58 nmol/mg microsomal protein/min) by gerbil liver microsomes, but in general the hydroxylation rates for fatty alcohols were much lower than those for the corresponding acids.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 1-Dodecanol is used principally as chemical intermediate for salts of n-dodecyl sulfate and foam stabilizer for alcohol sulfate surfactants. It is also used in synthetic detergents, lube additives, pharmaceuticals, rubber, textiles, perfumes, and as a flavoring agent. The substance is practically non-toxic, and is a permitted food additive (GRAS) in both the U.S. and the EU. It is registered for pesticide use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Contact for 48 hours with 4% 1-dodecanol in petrolatum was not irritating to 25 human volunteers, but marked skin irritation was noted when 25% 1-dodecanol in mineral oil was given in open contact with scarified skin of 5 to 10 volunteers once a day for 3 days. There was no skin sensitization in 25 human volunteers at a concentration of 4% in petrolatum. ANIMAL STUDIES: Aspiration of 0.2 mL of 1-dodecanol produced death among 9 out of 10 rats. The deaths were caused by pulmonary edema rather than cardiac arrest or respiratory failure as with the C3 to C10 alcohols. The lungs were dark red; seven rats died within 7 to 30 min, and two rats died 5 hr or longer after dosing. 1-Dodecanol did not cause developmental or reproductive toxicities when tested in rats at concentrations of 0, 100, 500, 2000 mg/kg /day for 14 days prior to mating. 1-Dodecanol, in the doses administered, had no effect on fetal weight, weight gain, food consumption, and food efficiency in the parental generation. When tested for carcinogenicity, 1-dodecanol showed weak tumor-promoting activity when applied three times a week for 60 weeks to the skin of mice that had previously received an initiating dose of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. In another study, in 6-8 week old mice, ip injections of dodecanol in 0.1 mL tricaprylin (12.0 g/kg to 30 animals in high dose group, and 2.4 g/kg to 28 animals in low dose group) was administered 3 times weekly for eight weeks. Papillomas developed in 2 of 30 mice after 39 and 49 weeks of treatment. Lung tumors were observed in 2/15 female mice in the high dose group, and in 2/15 males and 3/13 females in the low dose group. 1-Dodecanol was not mutagenic to Salmonella typhimurium in the Ames assay with and without metabolic activation, or to Escherichia coli without metabolic activation. However, it diminished cell mitotic activity and caused structural changes to chromosomes and the mitotic apparatus in Vicia faba after 14 hours exposure. ECOTOXICITY: Although Dodecanol exhibits non-polar CNS depressant toxicity to aquatic organisms of about 1 mg/L, the substance is readily degradable and releases during production, or through diffuse uses of the free alcohol do not give rise to environmental concerns.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
暴露途径
这种物质可以通过吸入、皮肤接触和摄入被身体吸收。
The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
吸入症状
咳嗽。喉咙痛。
Cough. Sore throat.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
皮肤症状
Redness.
Redness.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
毒理性
眼睛症状
红斑。疼痛。
Redness. Pain.
来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
After 24-hr covered contact with the skin of mice, about 95% of a 100-uL dose of 0.5% 1-dodecanol in triethyl citrate remained on the skin. A small proportion, 0.1%, was recovered in the feces and urine, 0.13% was recovered from the body, and 2.61% was excreted in the air. These data indicate a low amount of dermal uptake.
Kinetic Model for Studying the Effect of Quercetin on Cholesterol Oxidation during Heating
摘要：
Inhibition of the heat-induced cholesterol oxidation at 150 degrees C by incorporation of quercetin was kinetically studied. Results showed that without quercetin, the cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) concentration increased with increasing heating time. A low amount (0.002%, w/w) of quercetin was effective in inhibiting the formation of COPs during the initial heating period (<= 30 min) at 150 degrees C. However, after prolonged heating (30-120 min), a low antioxiclant activity was observed because of the degradation of quercetin. When using nonlinear regression models for kinetic study of cholesterol oxidation in the absence of quercetin, the epoxidation showed the highest rate constant (h(-1) = 683.1), followed by free radical chain reaction (h(-1) = 453.5), reduction (h(-1) = 290.3), dehydration (h(-1) = 155.5), triol dehydrogenation (h(-1) = 5.35), dehydrogenation (h(-1) = 0.68), thermal degradation (h(-1) = 0.66), and triol formation (h(-1) = 0.38). However, in the presence of quercetin, the reaction rate constants (h(-1)) for epoxidation (551.4), free radical chain reaction (111.7), and thermal degradation (0.28) were reduced greatly. The kinetic model developed in this study can be used to predict the inhibition of COPs by quercetin during the heating of cholesterol.
The present invention relates to oligoesters and their use or the creation of additives. Oligoester containing additives and/or oligoesters themselves may be used for formulating pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetics or personal care products such as shampoos and conditioners. These oligoesters are particularly useful for the creation of multi-purpose additives that can impart conditioning, long substantivity and/or UV protection. Individual oligoesters and oligoester mixtures are described.
[EN] 3-[(HYDRAZONO)METHYL]-N-(TETRAZOL-5-YL)-BENZAMIDE AND 3-[(HYDRAZONO)METHYL]-N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL)-BENZAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS HERBICIDES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE 3-[(HYDRAZONO))MÉTHYL]-N-(TÉTRAZOL-5-YL)-BENZAMIDE ET DE 3-[(HYDRAZONO)MÉTHYL]-N-(1,3,4-OXADIAZOL-2-YL)-BENZAMIDE UTILISÉS EN TANT QU'HERBICIDES
申请人：SYNGENTA CROP PROTECTION AG
公开号：WO2021013969A1
公开（公告）日：2021-01-28
The present invention related to compounds of Formula (I): or an agronomically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Q, R2, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as described herein. The invention further relates to compositions comprising said compounds, to methods of controlling weeds using said compositions, and to the use of compounds of Formula (I) as a herbicide.
[EN] DIHYDROPYRROLONAPHTYRIDINONE COMPOUNDS AS INHIBITORS OF JAK<br/>[FR] COMPOSÉS DE DIHYDROPYRROLONAPHTYRIDINONE COMME INHIBITEURS DE JAK
申请人：TAKEDA PHARMACEUTICAL
公开号：WO2010144486A1
公开（公告）日：2010-12-16
Disclosed are JAK inhibitors of formula (I) where G1, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are defined in the specification. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions, kits and articles of manufacture which contain the compounds, methods and materials for making the compounds, and methods of using the compounds to treat diseases, disorders, and conditions involving the immune system and inflammation, including rheumatoid arthritis, hematological malignancies, epithelial cancers (i.e., carcinomas), and other diseases, disorders or conditions associated with JAK.
Probing a sialyltransferase’s recognition domain to prepare α(2,8)-linked oligosialosides and analogs
作者：Ping Zhang、Amir J. Zuccolo、Wenling Li、Ruixiang Blake Zheng、Chang-Chun Ling
DOI：10.1039/b908933k
日期：——
We report the first observation that a monosialyl residue is the essential structural element recognized by the enzyme CST-II; this has resulted in an attractive route to synthesize a series of α(2,8)-linked oligosialic acids and their thioanalogs in one step.
