乙烯 | 74-85-1

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 烃类化合物及其衍生物 - 无环烃
• 分子结构分类: 有机化合物 - 碳氢化合物 - 不饱和烃
• 中文名称: 乙烯
• 中文别名: 液化乙烯；高纯乙烯
• 英文名称: ethene
• 英文别名: ethylene
• CAS: 74-85-1
• 化学式: C₂H₄
• mdl: MFCD00008604
• 分子量: 28.0538
• InChiKey: VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 熔点：
  −169 °C(lit.)
• 沸点：
  −104 °C(lit.)
• 密度：
  0.00126
• 蒸气密度：
  0.97 (vs air)
• 闪点：
  -100 °C
• 物理描述：
  Ethylene, refrigerated liquid (cryogenic liquid) appears as a pressurized liquid when shipped below 50°F. Colorless with a sweet odor and taste. Vapors arising from the boiling liquid are lighter than air. Easily ignited. Not toxic but is a simple asphyxiant. Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. Used as an anesthetic, a refrigerant, and to make other chemicals.
• 颜色/状态：
  Colorless gas
• 气味：
  Sweet
• 味道：
  Tasteless
• 溶解度：
  1 volume dissolves in about 4 volumes water at 0 °C, in about 9 volumes water at 25 °C, in about 0.5 volumes alcohol at 25 °C, in about 0.05 volumes ether at 15.5 °C
• 蒸汽密度：
  0.98 (Air = 1)
• 蒸汽压力：
  5.21X10+4 mm Hg at 25 °C /Extrapolated/
• 亨利常数：
  Henry's Law constant = 0.228 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C
• 大气OH速率常数：
  8.52e-12 cm3/molecule*sec
• 稳定性/保质期：
  1. 乙烯具有可燃性和窒息性。对眼、鼻、喉及呼吸道黏膜的刺激较轻，通常在脱离接触数小时后消失。苏醒后无副作用和后遗症。液态乙烯可导致皮肤灼伤。吸入25%～45%的乙烯时，痛觉会消失，但意识不受影响；而吸入70%～90%的乙烯与氧气混合气时，则会立刻引起麻醉，苏醒也较快。长期接触低浓度乙烯可能导致头晕、头痛、疲劳乏力、睡眠障碍、心悸、记忆力减退和胃肠功能紊乱等症状。 2. 稳定性：稳定 3. 禁配物：强氧化剂、强酸、氯化铅、金属氯化物、卤素等 4. 聚合危害：聚合
• 自燃温度：
  842 °F (450 °C)
• 分解：
  Explosive decomposition occurred at 350 °C under a pressure of 170 bar.
• 粘度：
  0.01 mPa.s 20 °C
• 腐蚀性：
  Ethylene is a noncorrosive gas.
• 燃烧热：
  -1411.2 kJ/mol (gas)
• 汽化热：
  13.53 kJ/mol at -103.77 °C
• 表面张力：
  16 dynes/cm = 0.016 N/m at -104 °C
• 聚合：
  Violent polymerization is catalyzed by copper above 400 °C/54 bar.
• 气味阈值：
  Odor Index at 20 °C = 57,100
• 折光率：
  Index of refraction: 1.363 at -100 °C/D
• 保留指数：
  178.1 ;164 ;166 ;158 ;178 ;166 ;166 ;165 ;165 ;165 ;165 ;165 ;188

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  1.2
• 重原子数：
  2
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  0
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  0

ADMET

代谢

大鼠肝微粒体单加氧酶将乙烯转化为环氧化合物...

Rat liver microsomal monooxygenases transform ethylene to oxirane. ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

CBA雄性小鼠暴露在含有19.6毫克/立方米空气中的...（14）C标记的乙烯代谢乙烯生成环氧乙烷，后者与细胞蛋白结合。

Male CBA mice exposed to air containing 19.6 mg/cu m ... (14)C-labeled ethylene metabolized ethylene to ethylene oxide, which binds to cellular proteins.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

四只雄性CBA小鼠（平均体重31克）被一起放入一个封闭的玻璃室（5.6升）中，暴露于空气中浓度为17 ppm x hr的(14)C-乙烯（22 mCi/mmol）1小时。在暴露结束后4小时，取两只小鼠的血和器官进行混合。放射性在肾脏（0.16 uCi/g湿重）和肝脏（0.14 uCi/g）中大约相同，但在睾丸（0.035 uCi/g）、大脑（0.02 uCi/g）和血红蛋白（Hb，0.0094 uCi/g Hb）中较低。从另外两只小鼠中收集48小时的尿液，并在21天后收集血液。通过薄层色谱法在尿液中鉴定出5-(2-羟基乙基)半胱氨酸作为乙烯的代谢物（占尿液中(14)C的3%）。血红蛋白中的放射性为0.011 uCi/g Hb。这些数据，连同血红蛋白氨基酸残基上特定羟基乙基衍生物的数据，表明乙烯被代谢为环氧乙烷。

Four male CBA mice (average body weight, 31 g) were exposed together for 1 hr in a closed glass chamber (5.6 L) to (14)C-ethylene (22 mCi/mmol) in air at 17 ppm x hr (22.3 (mg/cu m) x hr, equivalent to about 1 mg/kg bw). Blood and organs from two mice were pooled 4 hr after the end of exposure. Radioactivity was about the same in kidney (0.16 uCi/g wet weight) and liver (0.14 uCi/g) but lower in testis (0.035 uCi/g), brain (0.02 uCi/g) and Hb (0.0094 uCi/g Hb). Urine was collected from the two other mice during 48 hr, and blood was collected after 21 days. 5-(2-Hydroxyethyl)cysteine was identified as a metabolite of ethylene in urine (3% of (14)C in urine) by thin-layer chromatography. The radioactivity in Hb was 0.011 uCi/g Hb. These data, together with those on specific hydroxyethyl derivatives at amino acid residues of Hb, indicated that ethylene was metabolized to ethylene oxide.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

代谢

实验证明，在某些物种中，尤其是小鼠和大鼠，可以将乙烯转化为致癌和致突变的环氧乙烷。建议研究乙烯内源性的致癌效应。目前尚不清楚口服乙烯是否可能产生此类效应。

Experiments proved ethylene to be converted in certain species, notably mice and rats, into the carcinogenic and mutagenic ethylene oxide. Carcinogenic effect of ethylene of endogenous origin is suggested. Whether such an effect is possible with oral administration of ethylene is not clear.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

乙烯是一种无色气体。它用于氧乙炔焊接和切割金属，以及生产酒精、芥子气和其他许多有机物。它还用于生产环氧乙烷（用于塑料）、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯和其他塑料。乙烯是一种植物生长调节剂，商业上用于加速各种水果的成熟。人体研究：暴露于37.5%乙烯15分钟可能导致明显的记忆障碍。人类暴露于高达50%的乙烯空气中，其中氧气含量降低到10%，会出现意识丧失。长期吸入空气中85%的乙烯略有毒性，而在氧气中94%是致命的。在8%氧气下必死无疑。在致命的人类中毒情况下，乙烯影响大脑的呼吸中枢并通过窒息死亡。尸检分析发现心脏的右侧充满血液，而左侧是空的。在长期接触的工人中，乙烯与最大动脉压降低、脉搏减慢、视觉运动反应后期延长、嗅觉和听觉阈值增加以及热调节装置的紧张有关。在8个非职业接触乙烯的人中，外周淋巴细胞的DNA加合物7-（2-羟基乙基）鸟嘌呤在背景水平被检测到。动物研究：小鼠通过灌胃给予3.75毫克/千克体重乙烯，持续4个月。处理的动物在行为或体重增加和氧气消耗方面没有变化。大体病理学检查内脏器官的相对重量或组织结构没有变化。大鼠连续90天暴露于600,000 ppm，导致食物摄入量和活动减少，外周白细胞减少，血小板和红细胞计数减少，骨髓细胞减少。一天大的大鼠和成年大鼠每天连续暴露于3毫克/立方米，持续90天，出现高血压、亚等级时间常数的破坏和胆碱酯酶活性的降低。实验证明乙烯在某些物种中，尤其是小鼠和大鼠，代谢为致癌和致突变的环氧乙烷。通过头部暴露给予乙烯的实验表明，在大鼠中没有出现不良生殖效应的潜力。乙烯在鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98、TA1537、TA100或TA1535株中，有或没有代谢激活，均未发现其具有致突变性。大鼠和小鼠每天6小时，每周5天，连续4周暴露于40-3000 ppm乙烯，与对照组相比，在骨髓中微核多色红细胞的出现频率没有显著增加。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ethylene is a colorless gas. It is used for oxyethylene welding and cutting metals, as well as in the manufacture of alcohol, mustard gas, and many other organics. It is also used in manufacture of ethylene oxide (for plastics), polythene, polystyrene and other plastics. Ethylene is a plant growth regulator, which is used commercially to accelerate the ripening of various fruits. HUMAN STUDIES: Exposure to 37.5% ethylene for 15 min may result in marked memory disturbances. Humans exposed to as much as 50% ethylene in air, whereby the oxygen availability is decreased to 10%, experienced a loss of consciousness. Prolonged inhalation of 85% ethene in air is slightly toxic, whereas 94% in oxygen is fatal. Death is certain at 8% oxygen. In fatal human intoxication, ethylene affects the respiratory center of the brain and kills by suffocation. Postmortem analysis has revealed that the right side of the heart is full of blood, while the left side is empty. In workers chronically exposed, ethylene has been associated with a decrease in maximum arterial pressure, slower pulse, lengthened later period of the visual-motor response, increased thresholds of olfaction and hearing, and tension of the thermoregulatory apparatus. In eight people not occupationally exposed to ethylene, the DNA adduct 7-(2-hydroxyethyl)guanine was detected at a background level in peripheral lymphocytes. ANIMAL STUDIES: Mice were dosed by gavage with 3.75 mg/kg bw ethylene for 4 months. The treated animals displayed no changes in behavior or in body weight gain and oxygen consumption. Gross pathology examination revealed no changes in the relative weights or in the histological structure of the visceral organs. Inhalation exposure to 600,000 ppm continuously for 90 days in rats caused reduced food uptake and activity, peripheral leucopenia, decreased thrombocyte and erythrocyte count, and decrease in bone marrow cellularity. One-day-old and adult rats continuously exposed to 3 mg/cu m per day for 90 days exhibited hypertension, disruption of the subordination chronaxy, and decreased cholinesterase activity. Experiments proved ethylene to be metabolized in certain species, notably mice and rats, into the carcinogenic and mutagenic ethylene oxide. Administration of ethylene by head-only exposure revealed no potential for adverse reproductive effects in the rat. Ethylene was not found to be mutagenic with or without metabolic activation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA1537, TA100, or TA1535. Rats and mice exposed 6 hr/day 5 days/week for 4 weeks to 40-3000 ppm ethylene did not have a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow, when compared to the control group.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

评价：对于乙烯对人类的致癌性，人类的证据不足。对于乙烯对实验动物的致癌性，实验动物的证据不足。总体评价：乙烯对人类的致癌性无法分类（第3组）。

Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ethylene. There is inadequate evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ethylene. Overall evaluation: Ethylene is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌性证据

A4；不可归类为人类致癌物。

A4; Not classifiable as a human carcinogen.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构致癌物：乙烯

IARC Carcinogenic Agent:Ethylene

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

国际癌症研究机构（IARC）致癌物分类：第3组：无法归类其对人类致癌性

IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans

来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)

吸收、分配和排泄

当达到平衡时，气体分子从肺泡空间转移到血液的速率等于血液从肺泡空间移除的速率。例如，乙烯的血液/气体相溶解度比很低（0.14）。对于像乙烯这样具有低溶解度比的物质，每次循环中只有很小比例的气体被血液移除，因为血液很快就会饱和该气体。

When equilibrium is reached, the rate of transfer of gas molecules from the alveolar space to blood equals the rate of removal by blood from the alveolar space. For example, ... ethylene has a low (0.14) blood/gas phase solubility ratio. For a substance with a low solubility ratio such as ethylene, only a small percentage of the total gas is removed by blood during each circulation because blood is soon saturated with the gas.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

乙烯在2/8受试者的呼出气中的浓度为0.91和120微克/小时。

Ethylene has been determined in expired air of 2/8 human subjects at rate of 0.91 and 120 ug/hr.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

以尿液形式排出。

... Excreted in urine ...

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

乙烯的吸入药代动力学已经在人类志愿者中进行了研究，研究是在大气浓度为高达50 ppm（157.5 mg/m³）的条件下，通过闭合呼吸计系统中的气体吸收进行的。乙烯的吸收、呼出和代谢可以用一级动力学来描述。乙烯进入人体的吸收率很低。由于吸收导致的清除，反映了乙烯从大气进入人体的转移速率，对于一个70公斤的男性来说，这个值是25升/小时。这个值只代表了实验测得的肺泡通气率150升/小时的5.6%。吸入肺部的乙烯大部分（94.4%）再次呼出，没有通过血液流传入全身。在同一个男性体内，乙烯的最大积累量，以整体：空气的热力学分配系数来确定，为0.53。稳态下的浓度比甚至更小（0.33），这是由于代谢消除。相对于大气中的浓度，代谢导致的清除，对于一个70公斤的男性，被计算为9.3升/小时。这表明在稳态下，大约36%的全身可用乙烯通过代谢消除，64%通过呼出未改变的物质来消除，这可以从吸收清除和代谢清除的值中计算得出。乙烯的生物半衰期是0.65小时。稳态下乙烯在肺泡中的保留率被计算为2%。从理论上考虑肺部对气体和蒸气的吸收，可以推断出乙烯的低吸收率是由于其在血液中的低溶解度：在37°C时，人类血液的奥斯瓦尔德溶解系数为0.15。

The inhalation pharmacokinetics of ethylene have been investigated in human volunteers at atmospheric concentrations of up to 50 ppm (157.5 mg/cu m) by gas uptake in a closed spirometer system. The uptake, exhalation and metabolism of ethylene can be described by first-order kinetics. Uptake of ethylene into the body is low. Clearance due to uptake, which reflects the transfer rate of ethylene from the atmosphere into the body, was 25 L/hr for a man of 70 kg. This value represents only 5.6% of the experimentally obtained alveolar ventilation rate of 150 L/hr. The majority (94.4%) of ethylene inhaled into the lungs is exhaled again without becoming systemically available via the blood stream. Maximal accumulation of ethylene in the same man, determined as the thermodynamic partition coefficient whole body:air was 0.53. The concentration ratio at steady state was even smaller (0.33), owing to metabolic elimination. Clearance due to metabolism, in relation to the concentration in the atmosphere, was calculated to be 9.3 L/hr for a man of 70 kg. This indicates that at steady state about 36% of systemically available ethylene is eliminated metabolically and 64% is eliminated by exhalation as the unchanged substance, as can be calculated from the values of clearance of uptake and of clearance of metabolism. The biological half-life of ethylene was 0.65 hr. The alveolar retention of ethylene at steady state was calculated to be 2%. From theoretical considerations of the lung uptake of gases and vapors, it can be deduced that the low uptake rate of ethylene is due to its low solubility in blood: Ostwald's solubility coefficient for human blood at 37 °C, 0.15.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  2.1
• 危险品标志：
  F+
• 安全说明：
  S16,S33,S46,S9
• 危险类别码：
  R67,R12
• WGK Germany：
  -
• 海关编码：
  2901210000
• RTECS号：
  KU5340000
• 危险类别：
  2.1
• 危险标志：
  GHS02,GHS04,GHS07
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 1962 2.1
• 危险性描述：
  H220,H280,H336
• 危险性防范说明：
  P210,P304 + P340 + P312,P377,P381,P410 + P403

SDS

第一部分：化学品名称

制备方法与用途

乙烯是一种重要的有机化工基本原料，具有广泛的应用范围。以下是关于乙烯的一些重要信息：

物理化学性质

• 物理状态: 无色可燃性气体。
• 气味: 略有烃类特有的气味。

主要用途

1. 合成材料:
   • 生产聚乙烯、氯乙烯及聚氯乙烯，乙苯、苯乙烯及聚苯乙烯以及乙丙橡胶等。
2. 有机合成:
   • 合成乙醇、环氧乙烷及乙二醇、乙醛、乙酸、丙醛、丙酸及其衍生物等多种基本有机合成原料。
3. 聚合反应:
   • 经卤化可制氯代乙烯、氯代乙烷、溴代乙烷；经齐聚可制α-烯烃，进而生产高级醇、烷基苯等。

生产方法

1. 石油烃裂解法: 大规模工业中主要采用此法。
2. 乙醇催化脱水：主要用于精细化学品的乙烯供应。
3. 焦炉煤气分离：适用于小型企业或特定情况下的乙烯生产。

急性毒性与爆炸危险性

• 急性毒性: 吸入-哺乳动物 LCL0 950000 PPM/2分（表示在2分钟内吸入这种浓度的气体对实验动物是致命的）。
• 爆炸危险性: 与空气混合可形成爆炸性混合物，需注意安全。

安全储存及运输

• 应储存在通风良好、干燥低温的库房中，并远离氧化剂存放。
• 运输过程中要防止泄漏并使用适当的灭火器如泡沫或二氧化碳进行扑救。

职业卫生标准

• 推荐的职业暴露水平：时间加权平均浓度（TWA）为11500 毫克/立方米以下。

乙烯作为一种基本化工原料，在工业生产中发挥着重要作用，但同时也需注意其潜在的安全风险。

反应信息

• 作为反应物：
  描述：

  乙烯 在 三(2-氯乙基)胺 作用下， 生成 乙烯亚胺
  参考文献：
  名称：

  NH自由基与乙烯和丙烯在液相中的反应

  摘要：

  在液体乙烯、丙烯和乙烷的混合物中，在干冰-甲醇的温度下研究了叠氮化氢的光解。观察到的产物是来自乙烯溶液的氮丙啶 (0.18)、氨 (0.16) 和氮 (1.0) 以及来自丙烯溶液的 2-甲基氮丙啶 (0.33)、烯丙胺 (0.12)、氨 (0.17) 和氮 (1.0) . 括号中的值表示相对于氮的产量。相对产率在 0.8–8×10-2 mol dm-3 范围内与叠氮化氢的浓度无关。NH(a1Δ)自由基与烯烃的反应包括三个过程：双键的加成、C-H键的插入和3Σ-态的失活。估算了NH(a1Δ)自由基与乙烯、丙烯和乙烷反应的支化率和相对速率常数。

  DOI：

  10.1246/bcsj.54.55
• 作为产物：
  描述：

  特普 生成 乙烯
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Schrader, Angewandte Chemie, 1952, vol. 62, p. 28

  摘要：

  DOI：
• 作为试剂：
  描述：

  烯丙基丙二酸二乙酯 在 RuCl2(1,3-dimesityl-imidazolidin-2-yl)(PCy3)(=CHPh) 、 titanium(IV) isopropylate 、 乙烯 、 sodium hydride 作用下， 以 四氢呋喃 、 二氯甲烷 、 甲苯 为溶剂， 反应 42.25h， 生成 Diethyl 4,4,5,5-tetracyano-1,3,3a,6-tetrahydroindene-2,2-dicarboxylate
  参考文献：
  名称：

  通过Enyne复分解和Diels-Alder反应作为关键步骤设计和合成角环螺环

  摘要：

  摘要 通过应用烯炔复分解和Diels-Alder反应作为关键步骤，我们已经开发出了一种简单而有效的途径，可用于一系列有角度融合的螺环。借助Grubbs的第一代催化剂，在hexa-1,5-diene存在下使用交叉烯炔复分解，将烯炔复分解方案进一步扩展至茚满1,3-二酮的二苄基化反应。与DDQ。 通过应用烯炔复分解和Diels-Alder反应作为关键步骤，我们已经开发出了一种简单而有效的途径，可用于一系列有角度融合的螺环。借助Grubbs的第一代催化剂，在hexa-1,5-diene存在下使用交叉烯炔复分解，将烯炔复分解方案进一步扩展至茚满1,3-二酮的二苄基化反应。与DDQ。

  DOI：

  10.1055/s-0034-1378280

文献信息

• Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
  申请人：Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated

  公开号：US20150231142A1

  公开（公告）日：2015-08-20

  The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.

  本发明涉及含有上皮钠通道活性抑制剂与至少一种ABC转运蛋白调节剂化合物（A式、B式、C式或D式）的药物组合物。该发明还涉及这些药物配方，以及使用这些组合物治疗CFTR介导的疾病，特别是囊性纤维化的方法。
• Fe and Co Complexes of Rigidly Planar Phosphino-Quinoline-Pyridine Ligands for Catalytic Hydrosilylation and Dehydrogenative Silylation
  作者：Debashis Basu、Ryan Gilbert-Wilson、Danielle L. Gray、Thomas B. Rauchfuss、Aswini K. Dash

  DOI：10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00416

  日期：2018.8.27

  of simple and complex 1-alkenes with a variety of hydrosilanes. Catalysts derived from MesNQpy exhibited low activity. Fe-RPQpy derived catalysts favor hydrosilylation, whereas Co-RPQpy based catalysts favor dehydrogenative silylation. Catalysts derived from CoX2(iPrPQpy) convert hydrosilanes and ethylene to vinylsilanes. Related experiments were conducted on propylene to give propenylsilanes.

  制备了一种新的刚性平面PNN配体平台的Co和Fe二卤化物配合物，并将其作为烯烃氢化硅烷化的预催化剂。将Thummel的8-溴-2-（吡啶-2'-基）喹啉锂化，然后用（i- Pr）2 PCl和（C 6 F 5）2 PCl处理，得到膦-喹啉-吡啶配体，缩写为R PQpy对于R ＝i- Pr和C 6 F 5。这些配体与铁和钴的二氯化物和二溴化物形成1：1加合物。FeBr 2（iPr PQpy），FeBr 2（ArFPQpy），CoCl 2（iPr PQpy），CoBr 2（iPr PQpy）和CoCl 2（ArF PQpy）证实这些配合物的M–P–C–C–N–C–C–N部分在0.078范围内为平面不同于前几代的PNN配合物，其平面度偏差约为0.35。键距和磁性表明Fe络合物为高自旋，而钴络合物为高自旋或参与自旋平衡。还研究了R PQpy配体的NNN类似物，其中膦基被异丁烯酮取代。FeBr 2（Mes
• Model Guided Development of a Simple Catalytic Method for the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Stilbenes by Sequential Heck Reactions of Aryl Bromides with Ethylene
  作者：Helen Barlow、Jonas Y. Buser、Hendrik Glauninger、Carla V. Luciani、Joseph R. Martinelli、Niall Oram、Nichole Thompson‐Van Hook、Jeffery Richardson

  DOI：10.1002/adsc.201800167

  日期：2018.7.16

  moieties, but methods for their preparation typically possess numerous inefficiencies. Presented here is a methodology for the two‐step, one pot preparation of unsymmetrical stilbenes via sequential Heck reactions. The first Heck reaction with ethylene gas was analysed as a function of temperature and pressure for electronically differentiated naphthyl bromides and model‐aided reaction optimization was utilized

  丁苯酯是重要且有用的结构部分，但是其制备方法通常具有许多低效的地方。这里介绍的是一种通过连续的Heck反应分两步，一锅制备不对称丁苯甲醚的方法。对于电子分化的萘基溴化物，分析了乙烯气体的第一个Heck反应与温度和压力的关系，并利用模型辅助的反应优化来定义系统。此外，reactNMR用于确定乙烯在可用于Heck反应的普通有机溶剂中的溶解度。最终，开发了优化的顺序Heck反应工艺并将其应用于多种底物，从而可以有效制备不对称的对苯二甲酸酯，包括天然抗氧化剂，紫檀二烯。
• Synthesis of styrene and stilbene derivatives by the palladium-catalysed arylation of ethylene with aroyl chlorides
  作者：Alwyn Spencer

  DOI：10.1016/s0022-328x(00)98836-3

  日期：1983.5

  with aroyl chlorides, catalysed by palladium(II) acetate, leads to styrene and stilbene derivatives. By appropriate choice of reaction conditions, particularly the ethylene pressure, the reaction can be made to produce either styrene or stilbene derivatives selectively. The reaction tolerates those common substituents which do not react with aroyl chlorides. Only trans-stilbene derivatives are formed

  在乙酸钯（II）的催化下，乙烯与芳酰氯发生芳基化反应，生成苯乙烯和二苯乙烯衍生物。通过反应条件，特别是将乙烯压力适当选择，反应可以进行，以选择性地产生任一苯乙烯或茋衍生物。该反应容许不与芳酰氯反应的那些常见的取代基。仅形成反式-二苯乙烯衍生物。
• 一种β-氰基膦酰类衍生物及其制备方法与应 用
  申请人：苏州大学

  公开号：CN106432329B

  公开（公告）日：2018-07-31

  本发明公开了一种β‑氰基膦酰类衍生物及其制备方法与应用。本发明使用烯烃为起始物，原料易得，种类广泛；利用本发明方法得到的产物类型多样，用途广泛，既可直接使用，又可用于合成有机膦阻燃剂、药物和萃取剂；此外，本发明公开的方法步骤简单、反应条件温和、目标产物的收率高、污染小、反应操作和后处理过程简单，适合于工业化生产。

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