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毒扁豆碱 | 57-47-6

中文名称
毒扁豆碱
中文别名
1,2,3,3A-六氢-1,3A,8-三甲基吡咯并[2,3-B]吲哚-5-酚甲基氨基甲酸酯;依色林,卡拉巴豆碱;卡拉巴豆碱;依色林,ESERLNE;依色林
英文名称
Physostigmin
英文别名
Physostigmine;[(3aR,8bS)-3,4,8b-trimethyl-2,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-7-yl] N-methylcarbamate
毒扁豆碱化学式
CAS
57-47-6
化学式
C15H21N3O2
mdl
——
分子量
275.351
InChiKey
PIJVFDBKTWXHHD-HIFRSBDPSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    102-104 °C(lit.)
  • 比旋光度:
    D17 -76° (c = 1.3 in chloroform); D25 -120° (benzene)
  • 沸点:
    418.29°C (rough estimate)
  • 密度:
    1.166±0.06 g/cm3 (20 ºC 760 Torr)
  • 闪点:
    >100℃
  • 溶解度:
    氯仿(微溶、超声处理)、DMSO(微溶)、乙醇(微溶)、甲醇
  • 物理描述:
    Physostigmine is a white, odorless, microcrystalline powder. Used as a cholinergic (anticholinesterase) agent and as a veterinary medication. (EPA, 1998)
  • 颜色/状态:
    ORTHORHOMBIC SPHENOIDAL PRISMS OR CLUSTERS OF LEAFLETS FROM ETHER OR BENZENE
  • 气味:
    ODORLESS
  • 稳定性/保质期:
    SOLID & SOLNS TURN RED ON EXPOSURE TO HEAT, LIGHT, AIR, & ON CONTACT WITH TRACES OF METALS.
  • 旋光度:
    SPECIFIC OPTICAL ROTATION @ 17 °C/D= -76 DEG (CONCENTRATION BY VOLUME = 1.3 GIN 100 ML CHLOROFORM); @ 25 °C/D= -120 DEG (BENZENE)
  • 分解:
    When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen.
  • 解离常数:
    K1= 7.6X10-7; K2= 5.7X10-13

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    0.7
  • 重原子数:
    20
  • 可旋转键数:
    2
  • 环数:
    3.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.53
  • 拓扑面积:
    44.8
  • 氢给体数:
    1
  • 氢受体数:
    4

ADMET

代谢
迅速被胆碱酯酶水解
Quickly hydrolyzed by cholinesterases
来源:DrugBank
代谢
/PHYSOSTIGMINE/ 主要通过水解裂解酯键被血浆酯酶大量破坏。在人身上,1毫克剂量...皮下注射在2小时内大部分被破坏。
/PHYSOSTIGMINE/ IS LARGELY DESTROYED IN BODY, MAINLY BY HYDROLYTIC CLEAVAGE @ ESTER LINKAGE BY PLASMA ESTERASES. ... IN MAN, 1 MG DOSE ... INJECTED SC IS LARGELY DESTROYED IN 2 HR.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
/PHYSOSTIGMINE/ 与酶在酯化位点上结合,产生不活性的甲基碳酰胺酶。
/PHYSOSTIGMINE/ COMBINES WITH THE ENZYME AT THE ESTERATIC SITE TO YIELD THE INACTIVE METHYLCARBAMOYL ENZYME.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
迅速被胆碱酯酶水解。
Rapidly hydrolyzed by cholinesterases.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
化合物:毒扁豆碱
Compound:physostigmine
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
DILI 注释:无 DILI(药物性肝损伤)担忧
DILI Annotation:No-DILI-Concern
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
标签部分:无匹配
Label Section:No match
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 药物性肝损伤
参考文献:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 《FDA-批准的药物标签用于研究药物诱导的肝损伤》,药物发现今天,16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007 M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: 最大的参考药物列表,按在人类中发展药物诱导肝损伤的风险排名。药物发现今天 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007 M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
来源:Drug Induced Liver Injury Rank (DILIrank) Dataset
毒理性
  • 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响
◉ 母乳喂养期间使用总结:目前没有关于在哺乳期间使用毒扁豆碱的信息。 ◉ 对哺乳婴儿的影响:截至修订日期,没有找到相关的已发布信息。 ◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响:截至修订日期,在哺乳母亲中没有找到相关的已发布信息。在动物中,胆碱能药物会增加催产素的释放,而毒扁豆碱在人类中会增加血清催乳素水平。在已建立泌乳的母亲中,催乳素水平可能不会影响她的哺乳能力。
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:No information is available on the use of physostigmine during breastfeeding. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information in nursing mothers was not found as of the revision date. In animals, cholinergic drugs increase oxytocin release, and physostigmine increases serum prolactin in humans. The prolactin level in a mother with established lactation may not affect her ability to breastfeed.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
吸收、分配和排泄
毒扁豆碱可轻易从胃肠道、皮下组织和粘膜吸收。...肾脏排泄在其清除过程中仅起次要作用。
PHYSOSTIGMINE IS READILY ABSORBED FROM GI TRACT, SC TISSUES, & MUCOUS MEMBRANES. ... RENAL EXCRETION PLAYS ONLY MINOR ROLE IN ITS DISPOSAL.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
毒扁豆碱,一种叔胺,能够穿过血脑屏障,与此相反的是,季铵抗乙酰胆碱酯酶药物则不能。/乙酰胆碱酯酶/
PHYSOSTIGMINE, A TERTIARY AMINE, CROSSES THE BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER IN CONTRAST TO THE QUATERNARY ANTI-ACETYL CHOLINESTERASE DRUGS. /ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE/
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
轻松穿透血脑屏障。
Easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
给药后达峰时间:静脉注射5分钟内;作用持续时间:静脉注射大约1到2小时。
Time to peak effect: iv within 5 min; duration of action: iv approximately 1 to 2 hr.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
吸收、分配和排泄
非常小的量通过尿液排出;大部分在体内通过水解破坏。
Very small amounts eliminated in urine; largely destroyed in body by hydrolysis.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

  • TSCA:
    Yes
  • 危险等级:
    6.1(a)
  • 危险品标志:
    T+
  • 安全说明:
    S23,S25,S45
  • 危险类别码:
    R26/28
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN 1544 6.1/PG 1
  • RTECS号:
    TJ2100000
  • 包装等级:
    II
  • 危险类别:
    6.1(a)

SDS

SDS:cdff4e1bfdf10e93f2fa28a3a0678f90
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制备方法与用途

理化性质

毒扁豆碱亦称“依色林”,是一种吲哚类生物碱,化学式为C15H21N3O2。它存在于非洲西部的一种豆科植物——毒扁豆的种子中,含量约为0.1%。在乙醚中析出时呈片状结晶,熔点为105~106°C,该晶体不稳定,易变为熔点86~87°C的结晶。微溶于水,可溶于乙醇、苯、氯仿或脂肪油中。毒扁豆碱能抑制胆碱酯酶而引起机体中毒,是一种副交感神经兴奋剂,其中毒症状类似于神经性毒剂。口服中毒的人致死剂量为6~10毫克/人。

生物活性

Physostigmine(Eserine)是一种可逆的乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)抑制剂,能够透过血脑屏障并刺激中枢胆碱能神经传递。它能够逆转阿尔茨海默病转基因小鼠的记忆缺陷,并且也是抗胆碱能中毒的解毒剂。

体内研究
  • 改善记忆功能:在异氟烷麻醉下,Physostigmine(0.1, 0.2 mg/kg)剂量大于等于0.2 mg/kg时可以延迟雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠从麻醉中苏醒的时间。
  • 转基因小鼠实验:Physostigmine (Eserine; 0.03-0.3 mg/kg;s.c.; 每日一次,持续6周) 能够在一定程度上改善heterozygous transgenic mice(Tg(+))的环境和提示记忆缺陷,使其更接近于非转基因小鼠的记忆表现。
化学性质

毒扁豆碱为无色片状结晶,无特殊气味。遇光、热及微量金属时逐渐变红。该物质在碱性条件下不稳定,水解后生成毒扁豆酚碱,并进一步氧化生成红色的依色林红。其熔点为105-106°C,比旋光度[α]17D -76° (1.3%,氯仿),[α]25D -120°(苯)。易溶于二氯甲烷,可溶于氯仿(1:1)、乙醇(1:10)和乙醚(1:30),微溶于水。毒扁豆碱有毒性,成年鼠口服LD50为4.5毫克/公斤,小鼠为3毫克/公斤。

用途

毒扁豆碱主要用于生化研究、药物合成中间体以及抗胆碱酯酶药的制备。它能够抑制体内胆碱酯酶的活力,是一种副交感神经兴奋剂,主要用于治疗青光眼,其效力较毛果芸香碱强而持久,可维持几个小时至几天。目前在中国还被用作中药麻醉的催醒药物。

生产方法

毒扁豆碱存在于豆科植物——毒扁豆(Physostigma venenosum)的种子中。通过乙醇或丙酮萃取出生物碱后,将醇溶液或丙酮溶液与双氧水作用,在低温下蒸发未反应的生物碱,再用醚溶解生成毒扁豆碱N-氧化物。使用乙酸和锌粉还原可以恢复为毒扁豆碱。

安全信息 性质

有毒物质

毒性分级

剧毒

急性毒性

大鼠口服LD50:4.5毫克/公斤;小鼠口服LD50: 3毫克/公斤

可燃性危险特性

可燃,火场分解产生有毒氮氧化物气体

储运特性

库房低温通风干燥;与食品原料分开存放

灭火剂

水、二氧化碳、泡沫、砂土

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
    • 1
    • 2
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    毒扁豆碱重铬酸吡啶 作用下, 以 二氯甲烷 为溶剂, 反应 24.0h, 以28%的产率得到[(3aR,8bS)-4-formyl-3,8b-dimethyl-2,3a-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]indol-7-yl] N-methylcarbamate
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Total Syntheses and Anticholinesterase Activities of (3aS)-N(8)-Norphysostigmine, (3aS)-N(8)-Norphenserine, Their Antipodal Isomers, and Other N(8)-Substituted Analogues
    摘要:
    N(8)-Benzylesermethole (6) was prepared from 5-methoxytryptamine (1) in five steps. Resolution of compound 6 by dibenzoyl- and ditoluyltartaric acid provided enantiomers (-)- and (+)-7. After demethylation, reaction with isocyanates and catalytic debenzylation over hydrogen, the total syntheses of(-)-and (+)-N(8)-norphysostigmine [(-)-and (+)-11] and (-)-and (+)N(8)-norphenserine [(-)-and (+)-12] were accomplished. (-)-N(8)-Norphysostigmine [(-)-11] and (-)-N(8)-norphenserine [(-)-12] were also obtained by transformations of natural physostigmine [(-)-13] and phenserine [(-)-14] prepared from(-)-13. The absolute configurations and optical purity of compounds (-)-11, (-)-12, (+)-11, and (+)-12 were confirmed by a comparison of their optical rotations with those of the compounds synthesized from physostigmine [(-)-13]. The anticholinesterase activities of N(8)-nor-and N(8)-substituted analogues, (-)-and (+)-9, -10, -11, -12, 15, and 16, were compared with those of physostigmine [(-)-and (+)-13] and phenserine [(-)- and (+)-14] and are reported.
    DOI:
    10.1021/jm970210v
  • 作为产物:
    描述:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    The enantioselective synthesis of (-)-physostigmine via chiral sulfoxides
    摘要:
    The total synthesis of naturally occurring (-)-physostigmine is described. The key element for the asymmetric induction is the chirality transfer from optically active 2-(alkylsulfinyl)indoles to indoline butyrolactones bearing two chiral centers. Novel features of this synthesis involve the use of a new class of sulfoxylating agents, N-(alkylsulfinyl)oxazolidinones, to prepare the starting indolyl sulfoxides and the correlation of the size of the alkyl group on the sulfoxide with the degree of asymmetric induction. The overall synthesis requires a dozen steps from commercially available 5-(benzyloxy)indole.
    DOI:
    10.1021/ja00040a013
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文献信息

  • NOVEL GLUCOKINASE ACTIVATORS AND METHODS OF USING SAME
    申请人:Ryono Denis E.
    公开号:US20080009465A1
    公开(公告)日:2008-01-10
    Compounds are provided which are phosphonate and phosphinate activators and thus are useful in treating diabetes and related diseases and have the structure wherein is a heteroaryl ring; R 4 is —(CH 2 ) n -Z-(CH 2 ) m —PO(OR 7 )(OR 8 ), —(CH 2 ) n Z-(CH 2 ) m —PO(OR 7 )R g , —(CH 2 ) n -Z-(CH 2 ) m —OPO(OR 7 )R g , —(CH 2 ) n Z—(CH 2 ) m —OPO(R 9 )(R 10 ), or —(CH 2 ) n Z—(CH 2 ) m —PO(R 9 )(R 10 ); R 5 and R 6 are independently selected from H, alkyl and halogen; Y is R 7 (CH 2 ) s or is absent; and X, n, Z, m, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , and s are as defined herein; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A method for treating diabetes and related diseases employing the above compounds is also provided.
    提供了磷酸酯和磷酸酯激活剂,因此在治疗糖尿病和相关疾病方面非常有用,并具有以下结构: 其中 是杂环芳基环; R 4 为—(CH 2 ) n -Z-(CH 2 ) m —PO(OR 7 )(OR 8 )、—(CH 2 ) n Z-(CH 2 ) m —PO(OR 7 )R g 、—(CH 2 ) n -Z-(CH 2 ) m —OPO(OR 7 )R g 、—(CH 2 ) n Z—(CH 2 ) m —OPO(R 9 )(R 10) 或—(CH 2 ) n Z—(CH 2 ) m —PO(R 9 )(R 10) ; R 5 和R 6 分别选择自H、烷基和卤素; Y为R 7 (CH 2 ) s 或不存在;以及 X、n、Z、m、R 4 、R 5 、R 6 、R 7 和s如本文所定义;或其药用盐。 还提供了一种利用上述化合物治疗糖尿病和相关疾病的方法。
  • Novel Compounds
    申请人:Chhipa Laxmikant
    公开号:US20100168110A1
    公开(公告)日:2010-07-01
    The present invention discloses a novel thyroid like compounds of formula (I), wherein R 1 R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and Z are as defined in the specification, method for its preparation, composition containing such compounds and use of such compounds and composition as medicament. Further, compounds of formula (I) has significantly low binding affinity to thyroid receptors and thus considerably devoid of thyrotoxic effects. The invention also relates to the use of the compound of formula (I) for the preparation of a medicament for treating various disease conditions such as obesity, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome and co-morbidities associated with metabolic syndrome.
    本发明公开了一种新型的甲状腺类似化合物,其化学式为(I),其中R1、R2、R3、R4和Z如规范中所定义,以及其制备方法、含有这种化合物的组合物和这种化合物及组合物作为药物的用途。此外,化合物的化学式(I)具有与甲状腺受体显著低的结合亲和力,因此在很大程度上缺乏甲状腺毒性作用。该发明还涉及将化学式(I)的化合物用于制备用于治疗肥胖、血脂异常、代谢综合征以及与代谢综合征相关的合并症等各种疾病状况的药物。
  • [EN] BIS-HETEROARYL DERIVATIVES AS MODULATORS OF PROTEIN AGGREGATION<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS BIS-HÉTÉROARYLIQUES EN TANT QUE MODULATEURS DE L'AGRÉGATION DES PROTÉINES
    申请人:NEUROPORE THERAPIES INC
    公开号:WO2017020010A1
    公开(公告)日:2017-02-02
    The present invention relates to certain bis-heteroaryl compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of using them, including methods for preventing, reversing, slowing, or inhibiting protein aggregation, and methods of treating diseases that are associated with protein aggregation, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, fronto- temporal dementia, Huntington's Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple system atrophy, and cancer including melanoma.
    本发明涉及某些双杂环芳基化合物,含有它们的药物组合物,以及使用它们的方法,包括用于预防、逆转、减缓或抑制蛋白聚集的方法,以及治疗与蛋白聚集相关的疾病的方法,包括帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、路易体病、帕金森病伴痴呆、额颞型痴呆、亨廷顿病、肌萎缩侧索硬化和多系统萎缩等神经退行性疾病,以及包括黑色素瘤在内的癌症。
  • Amino-substituted heterocycles, compositions thereof, and methods of treatment therewith
    申请人:D'Sidocky Neil R.
    公开号:US20080242694A1
    公开(公告)日:2008-10-02
    Provided herein are Heterocyclic Compounds having the following structure: wherein R 1 , R 2 , X, Y and Z are as defined herein, compositions comprising an effective amount of a Heterocyclic Compound and methods for treating or preventing cancer, inflammatory conditions, immunological conditions, metabolic conditions and conditions treatable or preventable by inhibition of a kinase pathway comprising administering an effective amount of a Heterocyclic Compound to a patient in need thereof.
    本文提供具有以下结构的杂环化合物: 其中R1、R2、X、Y和Z如本文所定义,包含有效量杂环化合物的组合物,以及治疗或预防癌症、炎症性疾病、免疫疾病、代谢性疾病以及通过给予患者需要的有效量杂环化合物来抑制激酶途径治疗或预防的疾病的方法。
  • [EN] ALKOXY BIS-HETEROARYL DERIVATIVES AS MODULATORS OF PROTEIN AGGREGATION<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS BIS-HÉTÉROARYLIQUES D'ALCOXY UTILISÉS EN TANT QUE MODULATEURS DE L'AGRÉGATION DE PROTÉINES
    申请人:UCB BIOPHARMA SPRL
    公开号:WO2018138085A1
    公开(公告)日:2018-08-02
    The present invention relates to certain bis-heteroaryl compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and methods of using them, including methods for preventing, reversing, slowing, or inhibiting protein aggregation, and methods of treating diseases that are associated with protein aggregation, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease with dementia, fronto-temporal dementia, Huntington's Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple system atrophy, and cancer including melanoma.
    本发明涉及某些双杂环芳基化合物,含有它们的药物组合物,以及使用它们的方法,包括用于预防、逆转、减缓或抑制蛋白聚集的方法,以及治疗与蛋白聚集相关的疾病的方法,包括帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病、路易体病、帕金森病合并痴呆、额颞叶痴呆、亨廷顿病、肌萎缩侧索硬化和多系统萎缩等神经退行性疾病,以及包括黑色素瘤在内的癌症。
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表征谱图

  • 氢谱
    1HNMR
  • 质谱
    MS
  • 碳谱
    13CNMR
  • 红外
    IR
  • 拉曼
    Raman
hnmr
mass
cnmr
ir
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  • 峰位数据
  • 峰位匹配
  • 表征信息
Shift(ppm)
Intensity
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Assign
Shift(ppm)
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测试频率
样品用量
溶剂
溶剂用量
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(Z)-3-[[[2,4-二甲基-3-(乙氧羰基)吡咯-5-基]亚甲基]吲哚-2--2- (S)-(-)-5'-苄氧基苯基卡维地洛 (R)-(+)-5'-苄氧基卡维地洛 (R)-卡洛芬 (N-(Boc)-2-吲哚基)二甲基硅烷醇钠 (4aS,9bR)-6-溴-2,3,4,4a,5,9b-六氢-1H-吡啶并[4,3-B]吲哚 (3Z)-3-(1H-咪唑-5-基亚甲基)-5-甲氧基-1H-吲哚-2-酮 (3Z)-3-[[[4-(二甲基氨基)苯基]亚甲基]-1H-吲哚-2-酮 (3R)-(-)-3-(1-甲基吲哚-3-基)丁酸甲酯 (3-氯-4,5-二氢-1,2-恶唑-5-基)(1,3-二氧代-1,3-二氢-2H-异吲哚-2-基)乙酸 齐多美辛 鸭脚树叶碱 鸭脚木碱,鸡骨常山碱 鲜麦得新糖 高氯酸1,1’-二(十六烷基)-3,3,3’,3’-四甲基吲哚碳菁 马鲁司特 马来酸阿洛司琼 马来酸替加色罗 顺式-ent-他达拉非 顺式-1,3,4,4a,5,9b-六氢-2H-吡啶并[4,3-b]吲哚-2-甲酸乙酯 顺式-(+-)-3,4-二氢-8-氯-4'-甲基-4-(甲基氨基)-螺(苯并(cd)吲哚-5(1H),2'(5'H)-呋喃)-5'-酮 靛红联二甲酚 靛红磺酸钠 靛红磺酸 靛红乙烯硫代缩酮 靛红-7-甲酸甲酯 靛红-5-磺酸钠 靛红-5-磺酸 靛红-5-硫酸钠盐二水 靛红-5-甲酸甲酯 靛红 靛玉红3'-单肟5-磺酸 靛玉红-3'-单肟 靛玉红 青色素3联己酸染料,钾盐 雷马曲班 雷莫司琼杂质13 雷莫司琼杂质12 雷莫司琼杂质 雷替尼卜定 雄甾-1,4-二烯-3,17-二酮 阿霉素的代谢产物盐酸盐 阿贝卡尔 阿西美辛叔丁基酯 阿西美辛 阿莫曲普坦杂质1 阿莫曲普坦 阿莫曲坦二聚体杂质 阿莫曲坦 阿洛司琼杂质