Penicillin v is a white crystalline powder. (NTP, 1992)
颜色/状态：
white, crystalline powder
气味：
Odorless
稳定性/保质期：
Stable in air up to 37 °C; relatively stable to acid.
旋光度：
The biologically active form is the dextrorotatory D-form; the DL-form is half as active. L-Penicillin V has little, if any, antibiotic activity. Maximum absorption: 268, 274 nm (E= 1330, 1100).
解离常数：
pKa 2.73
碰撞截面：
182.6 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with Waters Major Mix]
About 35-70% of an oral dose is metabolized to penicilloic acid, an inactive metabolite. Small amounts of 6-aminopenicillanic acid have been recovered in the urine of patients on penicillin G. A small percentage of the drug appears to be hydroxylated into one or more active metabolites, which are also excreted via urine.
Approximately 35-70% of an oral dose of penicillin V or penicillin V potassium is metabolized to penicilloic acid which is microbiologically inactive. Small amt of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) have also been found in urine of patients receiving penicillin V. In addition, the drug appears to be hydroxylated to a small extent to one or more microbiologically active metabolites which are also excreted in urine.
参考文献：M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. 美国食品药品监督管理局批准的药物标签用于研究药物诱导的肝损伤，《药物发现今日》，16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank：按人类发展药物诱导肝损伤风险排名的最大参考药物清单。《药物发现今日》2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
References:M Chen, V Vijay, Q Shi, Z Liu, H Fang, W Tong. FDA-Approved Drug Labeling for the Study of Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Drug Discovery Today, 16(15-16):697-703, 2011. PMID:21624500 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2011.05.007
M Chen, A Suzuki, S Thakkar, K Yu, C Hu, W Tong. DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans. Drug Discov Today 2016, 21(4): 648-653. PMID:26948801 DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2016.02.015
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Limited information indicates that penicillin V produces low levels in milk that are not expected to cause adverse effects in breastfed infants. Occasionally disruption of the infant's gastrointestinal flora, resulting in diarrhea or thrush have been reported with penicillins, but these effects have not been adequately evaluated. Penicillin V is acceptable in nursing mothers.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:In one study, 12 infants were breastfed during maternal penicillin V therapy. Seven appeared normal, 3 had looser stools than normal, and 1 had a rash on the buttocks on the last day of therapy. These effects were possibly related to penicillin V in milk, but no control group was present. One infant had stains of blood in the stool, but it had happened once prior to maternal penicillin V treatment.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:Relevant published information was not found as of the revision date.
Upon oral administration, phenoxymethylpenicillin is rapidly but incompletely absorbed. The bioavailability of phenoxymethylpenicillin ranges from 25 to 60%. Compared to the free acid form of the drug, the calcium or potassium salts of phenoxymethylpenicillin displays better absorption profiles. It is reported that fasting state enhances the drug absorption. The peak plasma concentrations of 200 to 700 ng/mL are achieved in 2 hours following an oral dose of 125 mg. Following an oral dose of 500 mg, the peak plasma concentrations of 3 to 5 μg/mL are reached in 30 to 60 minutes post-dose.
While the drug is rapidly excreted, only 25% of the total dose is detected in the urine. Renal excretion may be delayed in neonates, young infants, and patients with renal impairment.
Following intravenous administration, the volume of distribution at steady state was 35.4 L. Small amounts of the drug can be found in various tissues, with the highest amount found in the kidneys, with lesser amounts in the liver, skin, and intes tines. Phenoxymethylpenicillin was found in the cerebrospinal fluid. Phenoxymethylpenicillin was detectable in the placenta and human breast milk.
来源:DrugBank
吸收、分配和排泄
一剂量的100万单位酸可以产生大约2到3微克/毫升的血浆峰值水平...
A dose of 1,000,000 units of the acid gives peak plasma levels of about 2 to 3 ug/ml ...
Approx 60-73% of an oral dose of penicillin V or penicillin V potassium is absorbed from the GI tract in healthy, fasting adults. Following oral administration of a single dose of penicillin V or penicillin V potassium in fasting children or adults, peak serum concn of penicillin V are generally attained within 30-60 min. Peak serum penicillin V concn are attained sooner and are slightly higher following administration of the potassium salt than the free acid.
[EN] DERIVATIVES OF AMANITA TOXINS AND THEIR CONJUGATION TO A CELL BINDING MOLECULE<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE TOXINES D'AMANITES ET LEUR CONJUGAISON À UNE MOLÉCULE DE LIAISON CELLULAIRE
申请人：HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
公开号：WO2017046658A1
公开（公告）日：2017-03-23
Derivatives of Amernita toxins of Formula (I), wherein, formula (a) R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5, R 6, R 7, R 8, R 9, R 10, X, L, m, n and Q are defined herein. The preparation of the derivatives. The therapeutic use of the derivatives in the targeted treatment of cancers, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases.
[EN] A CONJUGATE OF A CYTOTOXIC AGENT TO A CELL BINDING MOLECULE WITH BRANCHED LINKERS<br/>[FR] CONJUGUÉ D'UN AGENT CYTOTOXIQUE À UNE MOLÉCULE DE LIAISON CELLULAIRE AVEC DES LIEURS RAMIFIÉS
申请人：HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
公开号：WO2020257998A1
公开（公告）日：2020-12-30
Provided is a conjugation of cytotoxic drug to a cell-binding molecule with a side-chain linker. It provides side-chain linkage methods of making a conjugate of a cytotoxic molecule to a cell-binding ligand, as well as methods of using the conjugate in targeted treatment of cancer, infection and immunological disorders.
[EN] CROSS-LINKED PYRROLOBENZODIAZEPINE DIMER (PBD) DERIVATIVE AND ITS CONJUGATES<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉ DE DIMÈRE DE PYRROLOBENZODIAZÉPINE RÉTICULÉ (PBD) ET SES CONJUGUÉS
申请人：HANGZHOU DAC BIOTECH CO LTD
公开号：WO2020006722A1
公开（公告）日：2020-01-09
A novel cross-linked cytotoxic agents, pyrrolobenzo-diazepine dimer (PBD) derivatives, and their conjugates to a cell-binding molecule, a method for preparation of the conjugates and the therapeutic use of the conjugates.
The present application provides compounds of formula: Methods of using these compounds for killing bacterial growth and treating bacterial infections are also provided.
本申请提供了以下化合物的公式：还提供了使用这些化合物杀灭细菌生长和治疗细菌感染的方法。
METALLO-BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS
申请人：Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
公开号：US20160333021A1
公开（公告）日：2016-11-17
The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I) that are metallo-β-lactamase inhibitors, the synthesis of such compounds, and the use of such compounds for use with β-lactam antibiotics for overcoming resistance.
