...Hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) content, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities, and levels of metabolites arising from phase I metabolism were doubled after repeat oral administration of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), but benzphetamine N-demethylase activity was unchanged. Thus, it seems that DDS induces CYP1A forms, but not CYP2B isozymes. DDS-derived radioactivity was excreted primarily in feces and to a lesser extent in urine as a phenolic metabolite and its glucuronide. The aglycone of this glucuronide was isolated and characterized by NMR and MS as 3-hydroxy-4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone.
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
副作用
职业性肝毒素 - 第二性肝毒素：在职业环境中的毒性效应潜力是基于人类摄入或动物实验的中毒病例。
Occupational hepatotoxin - Secondary hepatotoxins: the potential for toxic effect in the occupational setting is based on cases of poisoning by human ingestion or animal experimentation.
来源:Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/
Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ In 6-month rat oral study, 2.0 mg/kg bw dose affected liver, kidney, and CNS functions. The NOAEL was found to be 0.02 mg/kg bw in this study.
/LABORATORY ANIMALS: Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ Rats were given ... bis(p-chlorodiphenyl)sulfone/kg bw for month. The treatment caused an increase in the pre- and postimplantation embryonal mortality. No adverse effect was observed at 0.5 mg/kg bw.
p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyl sulfone is rapidly absorbed from the gut and metabolized by a saturable process. Although some p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone is eliminated unchanged in feces and urine, most of the elimination is via metabolism. Mathematical modeling of the toxicokinetics supports the view that p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone induces enzymes involved in its metabolism.
...Adult male F344-rats were injected iv with 10 mg/kg carbon-14 (C14) labeled p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DDS). Other rats were administered 1, 10, or 100 mg/kg C14 labeled DDS orally once or daily for 7 days. Urine and feces samples were collected periodically and analyzed for DDS derived C14 activity. Selected rats were killed 72 hr after single DDS dosing or 72 hr or 2, 3, or 5 weeks after multiple dosing to determine the tissue distribution of DDS derived radioactivity. Attempts were made to identify the urine and fecal DDS metabolites. Iv administered DDS was rapidly distributed to the tissues, the largest amount accumulating in the adipose tissues, where it accumulated for 24 hr, and then was eliminated with an estimated halflife of 12 days. ...On repeat oral dosing at 10 mg/kg, levels of DDS in tissues seemed to reach steady state after approximately 2 weeks, at which time the concentrations in adipose reached 265 ug/g tissue. ...The second largest tissue accumulation of radiolabel occurred in the skin. Orally administered DDS was virtually completely absorbed, with essentially the same tissue distribution occurring as was the case with iv administered DDS. Cumulative urine and fecal excretion of DDS derived C14 activity following iv administration amounted to 13.1 and 20.0% of the dose, respectively. Cumulative urine + fecal C14 excretion following repeated oral dosing with 1, 10, and 100 mg/kg DDS amounted to 30.6, 48.8, and 54.4% of the doses, respectively. More than 90% of the radioactivity that accumulated in the tissues was unchanged DDS.
Sulfonyl azides have been widely used as sulfonamido, diazo, and azido donors, as well as all-nitrogen 1,3-dipoles donors in synthetic chemistry. Here, the sulfonyl azides were used as efficient sulfonyl donors, which is very unusual. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-induced formation of the sulfonyl cation reactive species from sulfonyl azides was developed and used for the first time to couple various
Synthesis of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids by Carbonylation of Aryl Halides in the Presence of Epoxide-Modified Cobalt Carbonyls as Catalysts
作者：V. P. Boyarskii、T. E. Zhesko、S. A. Lanina
DOI：10.1007/s11167-005-0619-y
日期：2005.11
A new procedure was developed for synthesis of aromatic and heteroaromatic acids and their derivatives (esters, salts) by carbonylation of the corresponding aryl halides. The acids are selectively formed in a high yield under very mild conditions. Highly active catalytic systems, base-containing alcoholic solutions of cobaltcarbonyl modified with epoxides, were used to activate aryl halides.
Chlorotrimethylsilane−Nitrate Salts as Oxidants: Direct Oxidative Conversion of Thiols and Disulfides to Sulfonyl Chlorides
作者：G. K. Surya Prakash、Thomas Mathew、Chiradeep Panja、George A. Olah
DOI：10.1021/jo070907g
日期：2007.7.1
nitrate salt and chlorotrimethylsilane is found to be a mild and efficient reagent for the direct oxidative conversion of thiols (1) and disulfides (2) to the corresponding sulfonyl chlorides (3) in excellent yields through oxidative chlorination. Sulfides and sulfoxides were also found to undergo oxidation to sulfones under similar reaction conditions. In most cases these reactions are highly selective
Radical Trifluoromethoxylation of Arenes Triggered by a Visible‐Light‐Mediated N−O Bond Redox Fragmentation
作者：Benson J. Jelier、Pascal F. Tripet、Ewa Pietrasiak、Ivan Franzoni、Gunnar Jeschke、Antonio Togni
DOI：10.1002/anie.201806296
日期：2018.10.15
method enables non‐directed functionalization of C−H bonds on a range of substrates, providing access to aryl trifluoromethyl ethers. This light‐driven process is distinctly different from conventional procedures and occurs through an OCF3 radical mechanism mediated by a photoredox catalyst, which triggers an N−O bond fragmentation. The pyridinium‐based trifluoromethoxylation reagent is bench‐stable and
The present invention relates to novel epoxides having the formulas
1
where Y is a CO, CO
2
or SO
2
, AR is the same or different divalent unsubstituted or substituted aromatic, halogen-substituted aromatic or cyano-substituted aromatic hydrocarbon radical having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms, Z is a divalent hydrocarbon or ether radical having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, including Y—Z—Y being CO, and R* is an alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy or arylalkoxy radical having from 0-20 carbon atoms. The epoxides of the present invention are useful in the formation of epoxy resins.
