人参皂苷Rb来源于五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.的干燥根,是一种白色粉末状物质。它易溶于水、甲醇和乙醇,但不溶于乙醚和苯。
生物活性20(S)-Ginsenoside Rb(Prosapogenin A2、Sanchinoside B2、Sanchinoside Rb)是从红参中提取的主要生物活性化合物之一,在全球范围内越来越多地用于增强认知和身体健康。它具有抗炎、抗氧化、免疫调节作用以及对神经系统有益的有效特性,并能抑制PPAR-γ、TNF-α、IL-6 和 IL-1β 的表达。
靶点PPAR-γ、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β 以及人类内源性代谢物。
体外研究人参皂苷Rb对3T3-L1细胞的脂质生成有显著抑制作用。在50 μM和100 μM浓度下,它分别抑制了50%和63%的脂质生成。该化合物通过油红O染色和脂滴含量评估脂质生成。从分化早期阶段(如Pref-1、C/EBP-δ 和糖皮质激素受体)检测到的基因表达水平在人参皂苷Rb处理后显著降低,而PPAR-γ、C/EBP-α、FAS和aFABP等特定脂肪细胞基因的表达则显著增加。尽管Pref-1、C/EBP-δ 和GR的表达未受影响。
体内研究当小鼠在高脂饮食(HFD)中喂养8周时,体重和附睾脂肪重量显著增加,而用人参皂苷Rb处理的HFD小鼠的这些指标则显著降低。与低脂饮食(LFD)喂养的小鼠相比,HFD喂养的小鼠血清甘油三酯、葡萄糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白水平显著升高。而人参皂苷Rb能显著降低血清中的甘油三酯水平。
化学性质白色粉末状物质,易溶于甲醇、乙醇和DMSO等有机溶剂,来源于人参。
用途用于含量测定/鉴定/药理实验等。 药理药效:具有滋补强壮及抗肿瘤作用。(20S)-人参皂苷Rb是人参中的主要成分之一,具有抗炎作用。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
人参皂苷 Rg1 | ginsenoside-Rg1 | 22427-39-0 | C42H72O14 | 801.025 |
人参皂苷Rf | ginsenoside Rf | 52286-58-5 | C42H72O14 | 801.025 |
三七皂苷R2(S型) | notoginsenoside R2 | 80418-25-3 | C41H70O13 | 770.999 |
人参皂甙RE | ginsenoside Re | 52286-59-6 | C48H82O18 | 947.168 |
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 分子量 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 6α-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(20S,24R)-epoxydammarane-3β,12β,25-triol | 98474-78-3 | C36H62O10 | 654.882 |
—— | sanchinoside B1 | 97744-96-2 | C36H62O9 | 638.883 |
Glycosylation, which is catalyzed by UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), is an important biological modification for the structural and functional diversity of ginsenosides. In this study, the promiscuous UGT109A1 from Bacillus subtilis was used to synthesize unnatural ginsenosides from natural ginsenosides. UGT109A1 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and then purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Ginsenosides Re, Rf, Rh1, and R1 were selected as the substrates to produce the corresponding derivatives by the recombinant UGT109A1. The results showed that UGT109A1 could transfer a glucosyl moiety to C3-OH of ginsenosides Re and R1, and C3-OH and C12-OH of ginsenosides Rf and Rh1, respectively, to produce unnatural ginsenosides 3,20-di-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6-O-[α-l-rhamnopyrano-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-24-ene-3β,6α,12β,20S-tetraol (1), 3,20-di-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-24-ene-3β,6α,12β,20S-tetraol (6), 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-24-ene-3β,6α,12β,20S-tetraol (3), 3,12-di-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6-O-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-dammar-24-ene-3β,6α,12β,20S-tetraol (2), 3,6-di-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-dammar-24-ene-3β,6α,12β,20S-tetraol (5), and 3,6,12-tri-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-dammar-24-ene-3β,6α,12β,20S-tetraol (4). Among the above products, 1, 2, 3, and 6 are new compounds. The maximal activity of UGT109A1 was achieved at the temperature of 40 °C, in the pH range of 8.0–10.0. The activity of UGT109A1 was considerably enhanced by Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+, but was obviously reduced by Cu2+, Co2+, and Zn2+. The study demonstrated that UGT109A1 was effective in producing a series of unnatural ginsenosides through enzymatic reactions, which could pave a way to generate promising leads for new drug discovery.