The effects of histamine, cimetidine, and diphenhydramine on picryl chloride (PCl)-induced ear contact sensitivity, as well as liver injury, were examined in mice. Histamine was found to produce less response in mice to PCl. In contrast, cimetidine, a selective antagonist of histamine type 2 receptor, significantly enhanced the response, while diphenhydramine, a selective antagonist of histamine type 1 receptor showed no effect. The pre-treatment of 2,4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) significantly caused a tolerance to the formation of the liver injury induced by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to PCl. Against the tolerance, the single iv administration of 150 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (Cy) at 3 days before the TNBS-treatment recovered the response and induced a remarkable elevation of serum transaminases. On the other hand, cyclosporin A protected the liver injury. These observations revealed that the development of acute PCl-DTH liver injury was regulated by the functional state of suppressor and helper T cells.
... BALB/c mice were sensitized with 0.3% w/v 2,4,6-trinitro-1-chlorobenzene (TNCB) applied to the ear ... three times a week ... . Rolipram, prednisolone and cyclosporine A were administered orally once daily from day 0 to 21. Rolipram at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day significantly inhibited the ear thickness and the increase in cytokine levels and enzyme activity in the ear. Interleukin (IL)-4 production was markedly decreased in cervical lymph node cells from animals treated with rolipram at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. Prednisolone and cyclosporine A significantly reduced ear thickness. These compounds significantly decreased the total cell and lymphocyte number of the cervical lymph nodes. Furthermore, prednisolone markedly suppressed body weight gain, and cyclosporine A significantly increased the serum total IgE concentration compared with that in the vehicle-treated control. Rolipram, unlike prednisolone and cyclosporine A, did not influence body weight and the total IgE concentration in the serum. The present results suggest that the PDE4 inhibitor is a promising oral medicine for the treatment of chronic skin inflammatory diseases.
... Oral administration of extract from Hatakeshimeji (Lyophyllum decastes, LD extract) to NC/Nga mice inhibited the development of atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions /induced by repeated application of picryl chloride/ based on lower total skin severity scores and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels. Splenic lymphocytes were stimulated with the T cell mitogen concanavalin A, and secretion of a Th1 cytokine (IFN-gamma) and a Th2 cytokine (IL-4) was determined by ELISA. IFN-gamma production was not inhibited by treatment with LD extract. On the other hand, IL-4 production was significantly decreased by treatment with LD extract. These results suggest that LD extract exerts anti-allergic actions by suppressing the serum IgE and Th2-type immune responses.
... Rumex japonicus Houtt. (RJH) is one of the herbs used in Eastern countries for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). It has been shown to have an antioxidative effect in human skin disease. ... To examine whether RJH extract (RJH-E) suppresses the development of AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, which are induced by the repeated application of picryl chloride (PC). ... symptom severity, scratching behavior, Staphylococcus aureus numbers on an ear, and serum levels of IgE, interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-gamma /were measured/. ... Oral administration of RJH-E to NC/Nga mice treated with PC inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions as exemplified by a significant decrease in total skin symptom severity scores, and a decrease in hypertrophy, hyperkeratosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the skin. The scratching behavior and numbers of S. aureus, which are known to be exacerbated in AD, were also significantly reduced by RJH-E. No significant change was observed in the serum levels of IFN-gamma, whereas IgE and IL-4 levels were significantly reduced by RJH-E. ...
The fate of (14)C-picryl chloride (PCl) injected intradermally into ears of guinea pigs at minimal sensitizing dose 0.25 ug was followed during induction period of delayed hypersensitivity. Approx 50% PCl rapidly escaped from ear in 3 hr; decomposition products were in urine within 3-4 hr.
Medicament being useful as a fibrosis inhibitor for organs or tissues, which comprises a compound of the formula (I):
wherein Ring Z is optionally substituted pyrrole ring, etc.; W2 is -CO-, -SO2-, optionally substituted C1-C4 alkylene, etc.; Ar2 is optionally substituted aryl, etc.; W1 and Ar1 mean the following (1) and (2):
(1) W1 is optionally substituted C1-C4 alkylene, etc.; Ar1 is optionally substituted bicyclic heteroaryl having 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms as ring-forming atoms:
(2) W1 is optionally substituted C2-C5 alkylene, optionally substituted C2-C5 alkenylene, etc.; and
Ar1 is aryl or monocyclic heteroaryl, which is substituted by carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, etc. at the ortho- or meta-position thereof with respect to the binding position of W1,
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Synthesis and microbiological evaluation of several benzocaine derivatives
作者：Anca Paun、Irina Zarafu、Miron T. Caproiu、Constantin Draghici、Maria Maganu、Ani I. Cotar、Mariana C. Chifiriuc、Petre Ionita
DOI：10.1016/j.crci.2013.03.012
日期：2013.7
Résumé Starting from benzocaine, a well-known anaesthetic, ten derivatives were synthesized and characterized by UV–vis, IR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Most of the compounds contain residues with recognized biological activity, like nicotinic acid (vitamin B3 or PP), biotin (vitamin B7 or H), lipoic acid (thioctic acid), adamantine, as well as other residues of crown-ether type, benzofurazane, naphtylurea, di- and tri-nitrobenzene, and a nitroxide radical. The biological evaluation of the obtained compounds included hydrophobicity (lipophobicity) assay, total antioxidant and microbiological activity tests. Supplementary Materials: Supplementary material for this article is supplied as a separate file: mmc1.docx
Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods for treating various diseases, syndromes, conditions and disorders, including pain. Such compounds are represented by Formula I as follows:
wherein Y, R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
A
, and R
B
are defined herein.
Disclosed herein, inter alia, are compounds and methods of use thereof for the modulation of chemokine receptor activity.
披露的内容包括但不限于，用于调节趋化因子受体活性的化合物及其使用方法。
Steric and electronic effects on the mechanism of nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) reactions of some phenyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl ethers with aniline and N-methylaniline in acetonitrile and in dimethyl sulfoxide
作者：Chukwuemeka Isanbor、Thomas A. Emokpae、Michael R. Crampton
DOI：10.1039/b207997f
日期：2002.12.6
Rate data are reported for the reactions of a series of 3′- and 4′-substituted phenyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl ethers, 4, with aniline in acetonitrile, leading to 2,4,6-trinitrodiphenylamine. The main reaction flux occurs through a base catalysed pathway involving formation of a zwitterionic intermediate, equilibrium constant K1, and rate-limiting proton transfer to base, rate constant kAn. The effects of ring substituents on values of rate and equilibrium constants are discussed. In contrast the corresponding reactions in DMSO involve both uncatalysed and base catalysed pathways. Reactions of 4 with N-methylaniline are extremely slow, but values of rate constants for reaction of 4-nitrophenyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl ether were measured using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The value of the parameter K1kAn is lowered by a factor of 105 for N-methylaniline relative to aniline in both acetonitrile and in DMSO. This reduction is attributed to increased steric hindrance both in formation of the intermediate and to proton transfer.
