METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF DIACIDS OR DIESTERS FROM NATURAL FATTY ACIDS AND/OR ESTERS
申请人:Dubois Jean-Luc
公开号:US20100305354A1
公开(公告)日:2010-12-02
The invention relates to a process for the synthesis of diacids or diesters of general formula ROOC—(CH
2
)
x
—COOR, in which n is an integer between 5 and 14, R is either H or an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, from natural long-chain monounsaturated fatty acids or esters including at least 10 adjacent carbon atoms per molecule of the general formula CH
3
—(CH
2
)
n
—CHR
1
—CH
2
—CH═CH—(CH
2
)
p
—COOR, in which R is H or an alkyl radical with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R
1
is either H or OH, and n and p, which are equal or different and are indices between 2 and 11. The method comprises: during a first step, converting the natural fatty acid or ester by pyrolysis or by ethenolysis, into a ω-monounsaturated fatty acid or ester of the general formula CH
2
═CH—(CH
2
)
m
—COOR, in which m is equal to p or p+1, depending on the nature of the processed fatty acid/ester and the conversion used; during a second step, submitting the product thus obtained to a metathesis or homometathesis reaction for obtaining a compound of the general formula ROOC—(CH
2
)
m
—CH═CH—(CH
2
)
m
—COOR, or cross-metathesis with a compound of formula R
2
OOC—(CH
2
)
r
—CH═CH—R
3
, in which R
2
is either H or an alkyl radical front with 1 to 4 carbon atoms, r is either 0 or 1 or 2 and R
3
is H, CH
3
or COOR
2
, thus defining a cyclic or molecule or not, in order to obtain an unsaturated compound of the general formula ROOC—(CH
2
)
m
—CH═CH—(CH
2
)
r
—COOR
2
, and during a third step, converting the unsaturated compound into a saturated compound by hydrogenation of the double bond.
这项发明涉及一种合成一般公式为ROOC—(CH2)x—COOR的二元酸或二元酯的过程,其中n是5到14之间的整数,R是H或1到4个碳原子的烷基自由基,从天然长链单不饱和脂肪酸或酯中合成,这些脂肪酸或酯每分子至少包括10个相邻的碳原子,其一般公式为CH3—(CH2)n—CHR1—CH2—CH═CH—(CH2)p—COOR,其中R是H或1到4个碳原子的烷基自由基,R1是H或OH,n和p相等或不同,是2到11之间的指数。该方法包括:在第一步中,通过热解或乙炔醇解将天然脂肪酸或酯转化为ω-单不饱和脂肪酸或酯,其一般公式为CH2═CH—(CH2)m—COOR,其中m等于p或p+1,具体取决于处理的脂肪酸/酯的性质和所使用的转化;在第二步中,将所得产物进行交叉代谢或同交叉代谢反应,以获得一般公式为ROOC—(CH2)m—CH═CH—(CH2)m—COOR的化合物,或与公式为R2OOC—(CH2)r—CH═CH—R3的化合物进行交叉代谢,其中R2是H或1到4个碳原子的烷基自由基,r是0或1或2,R3是H、CH3或COOR2,从而定义一个循环或不循环的分子,以获得一般公式为ROOC—(CH2)m—CH═CH—(CH2)r—COOR2的不饱和化合物;在第三步中,通过加氢双键将不饱和化合物转化为饱和化合物。