A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) analysis of biological fluids (blood, urine, gastric content, and bile) collected at autopsy in a case of suspected 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) fatal poisoning allowed the determination of DNP and its known metabolites (2-amino-4-nitrophenol and nitro-4-aminophenol). The tentative identification of three conjugated metabolites (DNP glucuronide, DNP sulfate, and 2-amino-4-nitrophenol glucuronide) could be made on the basis of their pseudomolecular ion, isotopic and fragmentation patterns, and retention characteristics. Another DNP metabolite reported in the literature, 2,4-diaminophenol, was not detected in the samples. Postmortem blood concentrations were 48.4 mg/L for DNP and 1.2 mg/L for 2-amino-4-nitrophenol. ...
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
代谢
产量2,4-二氨基苯酚可能在老鼠中。/来自表格/
YIELDS 2,4-DIAMINOPHENOL PROBABLY IN RATS. /FROM TABLE/
2-Amino-4-nitrophenol was the predominant metabolite formed enzymatically by nitroreduction following oral administration of 2,4-dinitrophenol (22.5 mg/kg bw) to ICR mice.
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol is an orange prismatic solid. It can also be found as a yellow brown leaflets or yellow prisms. It is soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, acetic acid and warm benzene. It is soluble in acetone and water. This chemical is used in the production of mordant and acid dyes. It is also used as an antioxidant and light stabilizer in butyl rubbers, and as a catalyst in the production of hexadiene. It was also formerly used in hair dyes. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Individuals may be exposed to this chemical through inhalation and dermal contact where the material is used or produced. The general population may be exposed to this chemical via inhalation and dermal contact with consumer products containing 2-amino-4-nitrophenol. There is inadequate evidence fo the carcinogenicity of this chemical in humans. ANIMAL STUDIES: 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol produced allergic contact dermatitis in guinea pigs. There is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of this compound in experimental animals. The chemical induced sister chromatid exchange and chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Neither micronuclei, chromosomal aberrations or dominant lethal effects were induced in rodents exposed in vivo. 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 with metabolic activation. It was not mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA1535 or TA1537.
Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of 2-amino-4-nitrophenol. There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of 2-amino-4-nitrophenol. Overall evaluation: 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3).
来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构致癌物:2-氨基-4-硝基酚
IARC Carcinogenic Agent:2-Amino-4-nitrophenol
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
毒理性
致癌物分类
国际癌症研究机构(IARC)致癌物分类:第3组:对其对人类的致癌性无法分类
IARC Carcinogenic Classes:Group 3: Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
IARC Monographs:Volume 57: (1993) Occupational Exposures of Hairdressers and Barbers and Personal Use of Hair Colourants; Some Hair Dyes, Cosmetic Colourants, Industrial Dyestuffs and Aromatic Amines
来源:International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)
Percutaneous absorption through the skin of Sprague-Dawley rats of each sex was examined following application of two hair dye formulations: formulation 1 contained 1.54% 14C-2-amino-4-nitrophenol; formulation 2 contained 0.77% 14C-2-amino-4-nitrophenol, 1,4-diaminobenzene (1,4-phenylenediamine), 2,4-diaminoanisole, oleic acid and isopropanol and was mixed with equal amt of a 6% hydrogen peroxide soln. After 1 and 5 days, 0.21 and 0.36% of the radiolabel administered in formulation 1 and 1.12 and 1.67% of that administered in formulation 2 had been absorbed (calculated as combined radiolabel in urine, feces, expired air and carcass, without treated skin area). Absorbed material was excreted predominantly in the urine within 24 hr after the initial application ... .
Five days after oral administration by gavage of 2 mL (14)C-2-amino-4-nitrophenol (0.2% in saline), 68.3% + 9.4 (SD) of the radiolabel had been excreted in the urine and 25.4% + 6.9% in the feces. Within 3 hr, about 4% of the radiolabel was eliminated in the bile. Following subcutaneous injection of the same dose, 89% of the dose was eliminated after 1 day, predominantly in the urine ... (/It was/ noted that metabolites were not identified in the urine, bile or feces in either study.)
Percutaneous absorption of (14)C-2-amino-4-nitrophenol (specific radioactivity 10 mCi/mmol (65 uCi/mg); purity, 98%) was studied in vitro by partitioning between excised human abdominal skin preparations and water. 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol appeared to bind to skin components ... .
1.周国泰,化学危险品安全技术全书,化学工业出版社,1997 2.国家环保局有毒化学品管理办公室、北京化工研究院合编,化学品毒性法规环境数据手册,中国环境科学出版社.1992 3.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety,CHEMINFO Database.1998 4.Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, RTECS Database, 1989
Compositions for Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis and Other Chronic Diseases
申请人:Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated
公开号:US20150231142A1
公开(公告)日:2015-08-20
The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.
MACROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS KINASE INHIBITORS
申请人:Combs Andrew Paul
公开号:US20090286778A1
公开(公告)日:2009-11-19
The present invention relates to macrocyclic compounds of Formula I:
or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or quaternary ammonium salts thereof wherein constituent members are provided hereinwith, as well as their compositions and methods of use, which are JAK/ALK inhibitors useful in the treatment of JAK/ALK-associated diseases including, for example, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, as well as cancer.
COMPOSITIONS FOR TREATMENT OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS AND OTHER CHRONIC DISEASES
申请人:Van Goor Fredrick F.
公开号:US20110098311A1
公开(公告)日:2011-04-28
The present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an inhibitor of epithelial sodium channel activity in combination with at least one ABC Transporter modulator compound of Formula A, Formula B, Formula C, or Formula D. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical formulations thereof, and to methods of using such compositions in the treatment of CFTR mediated diseases, particularly cystic fibrosis using the pharmaceutical combination compositions.
Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Amination of Benzoxazoles via C−H and C−N Bond Activation: A New Strategy for Using Tertiary Amines as Nitrogen Group Sources
method for oxidative amination of azoles with tertiary aminesviacopper-catalyzed C−H and C−Nbond activation has been developed. This protocol can be performed in the absence of external base and only requires atmospheric oxygen as oxidant. The catalyst system is very simple and efficient, which opens a new way for using tertiary amines as nitrogen group sources for C−Nbondformation reactions.
Versatile synthesis of malonamic acid derivatives from a β-ketothioester
作者:Pilar López-Alvarado、Carmen Avendaño、J Carlos Menéndez
DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(01)00760-2
日期:2001.7
An efficient syntheticroute is described that allows the preparation under mild conditions of several types of malonamic acid derivatives. The S-tert-butyl acetothioacetate monoanion reacted with aryl or alkyl isocyanates to give β-amidothioesters in one step and 73–87% yield, after spontaneous deacetylation of tricarbonyl intermediates. Treatment of these thioesters with several aliphatic or aromatic